Presidency of Manuel Roxas and Post independence policies

WHO’S MANUEL ROXAS?

He was born on January 1, 1892, in Capiz, Philippines, and died on April 15,
1948. Roxas had a significant impact on the country's politics and its journey to
independence.
Sa kanyang panunungkulan ay may naisagawa siyang mga pagbabago tulad ng
pagbibigay ng parity rights sa mga citizen, partnership at corporation na Amerikano, sa
exploitation at pag-unlad ng katutubong yaman ng bayan, sa operasyon ng mga
pambansang pangangailangan sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago sa Konstitusyon, at
pagtatag ng Rehabilitation Finance Corporation.

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>Noong Setyembre 1934, kumandidatong muli at nahirang na kinatawan ng Capiz sa Konstitusyonal Kombensyon si
Roxas. Nahirang din siyang Kalihim ng Pananalapi noong 1938 at naging Tagapangulo ng National Development
Company at National Economic Council noong Agosto 22, 1938.
>Noong Nobyembre 1941, nahalal siyang pangulo ng senado, ngunit hindi siya nakapaglingkod dahil sa pagsiklab ng
Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.
>Nang magkaroon ng halalan noong Abril 23, 1946, si Roxas ay kumandidato at nanalo bilang pangulo ng Pilipinas. Si
Manuel Roxas ang ikalimang pangulo ng Pilipinas at siya ang huling pangulo ng Commonwealth. Si Roxas ay nanumpa
bilang unang pangulo ng ikatlong republik ng Pilipinas noong 1946.
Dalawang taon pa lamang siya sa paglilingkod bilang Pangulo ng Pilipinas nang siya ay atakihin sa puso, matapos
magtalumpati sa Clark Field, Angeles City, Pampanga noong Abril 15, 1948
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Political Career of Manuel Roxas:

1. Public Service: Manuel Roxas began his career as a lawyer and entered politics, becoming a
member of the House of Representatives in 1917 at the age of 65 years old.
2. Collaboration with Quezon: He worked closely with President Manuel Quezon and held
various government positions, including being appointed as a senator and then serving as
Secretary of Finance under Quezon's administration.

Role in Independence:

1. Advocate for Independence:

Roxas was a staunch advocate for Philippine independence from American colonial rule. He played an
active role in the movement towards independence, working alongside other Filipino leaders to
negotiate and secure the country's autonomy.

2. Post-War Leadership: He emerged as a leader after World War II, participating in the
negotiations for Philippine independence from the United States.

Noong 1923, nagtungo si Roxas kasama sina Jorge Bocobo, Jayme de Veyra, Catalino Lavadia, Manuel Quezon, Sergio
Osmeña at Claro M. Recto sa Estados Unidos upang hilingin ang Kalayaan ng Pilipinas. Noong 1932, muli silang
nagpunta ni Sergio Osmeña sa Washington D.C. para suportahan ang kampanya para sa kalayaan ng Pilipinas na nilalakad
nina Camilo Osias at Pedro Guevarra. Hindi naman nasayang ang pagod nina Roxas at Osmeña nang pinalabas ng
Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ang

HARES-HAWES CUTTING ACT

is the first US law passed setting process and a date for the Philippines to
gain independence from United States. It waS the result of the OsRox mission
led by Regio Ormeña and Manuel Roxas.

Presidency:
1. First President of Independent Philippines: Roxas became the first President of the
independent Republic of the Philippines after the country gained independence from the
United States in 1946.
2. Challenges: His presidency faced challenges such as economic recovery after the war and
dealing with the Hukbalahap Rebellion.

WHAT IS HUKBALAHAP REBELLION?

The Hukbalahap were a Filipino guerrilla group, fighting against the Philippine government and their Japanese
oppressors of the time. The roots of the rebellion began in the year 1942, when Japanese troops first invaded the Philippines. The
Huks had a continued presence during the reign of President Manuel Roxas.

Ang kapwa guerillas na tinatag ng “ Hukbalahap “ ay isa ring terorista dahil kinakalaban nila ang ibang guerillas sa parte
ng Luzon. Kalaunan ay kinalaban ng Hukbalahap ang gobyerno at nagrebelde sa pamahalan, noong marso 6 1948 inilahad ni
Manuel Roxas na kinalaban ng hukbalhap ang pamahalaan at ito’y naging kalaban ng gobyerno.

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WHAT IS THE UNKNOWN SIDE OF MANUEL ROXAS?
Manuel Roxas, like many historical figures, had aspects of his presidency that faced criticism or
controversy:

1. Collaboration during Japanese Occupation:

During World War II, Roxas served in a leadership position under the Japanese occupation government,
which led to criticism of his collaboration.

2. Allegations of Corruption:

There were allegations of corruption and favoritism during Roxas's presidency

3. Legacy in Question:

Some historians and critics have debated Roxas's legacy, citing both his contributions to Philippine
independence and the controversies and shortcomings during his presidency.

Manuel Roxas's presidency had its share of challenges, controversies, and criticisms, which have
contributed to mixed perceptions of his leadership and legacy in Philippine history.