Lecture # 17 & 18

Dr. Bimal Chandra Das

Course Title: Engineering Mathematics

(Inverse Laplace Transform, Lect#1)

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 Introduction to Inverse Laplace Transforms

{ }
Def n : If the Laplace transform of F(t ) is f (s), i.e L F(t ) = f (s),
then F(t ) is called the inverse Laplace transform of f (s)
and we write
{
F(t ) = L−1 f (s)}
where L−1 is called the inverse Laplace transform operator.

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Inverse Laplace Transforms of Some Elem. Functions
L−1 { f (s)} F(t )
⎧c ⎫
L−1 ⎨ ⎬ c , s >0
⎩s ⎭
−1
⎧1 ⎫
L ⎨ 2⎬ t , s >0
⎩s ⎭
−1
⎧ 1 ⎫ tn
L ⎨ n+1 ⎬ , s >0
⎩s ⎭ n!
⎧ 1 ⎫
L−1 ⎨ ⎬ e at ,s >a
⎩ s − a ⎭
⎧ 1 ⎫ sin at
L−1 ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
, s >0
⎩ s + a ⎭ a
⎧ s ⎫
L−1 ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
cosat , s >0
⎩s +a ⎭
⎧ 1 ⎫ sinhat
L−1 ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
,s> a
⎩ s − a ⎭ a
⎧ s ⎫
L−1 ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
coshat ,s> a
⎩ s − a ⎭
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 Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms
(1) First Translation or Shifting Property:
{ } { }
If L−1 f (s) = F(t ), then L−1 f (s − a) = e at F(t )
Example :
⎧ 4 ⎫
−1 −1
⎧ 4 ⎫ 2t
If L ⎨ 2 ⎬ = sin4t then L ⎨ ⎬ = e sin4t
⎩ s + 16 ⎭ ⎩ (s − 2) + 16 ⎭
2

(2) Second Translation or Shifting Property:

⎧
−1
{ } −1 −as
If L f (s) = F(t ), then L e f (s) = ⎨ { }
⎪ F(t − a),
0,
t >a
t <a
⎪
⎩
Example :

−1
⎧ 1 ⎫ ⎧ −2t ⎫
−1 ⎪ e ⎪ ⎧⎪ F(t − 2), t >2
⎬ = e then L ⎨ ⎬= ⎨
3t
If L ⎨
⎩ s − 3⎭ ⎩ s − 3⎪
⎪ ⎭ ⎪⎩ 0, t <2
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 Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms
(3) Change of Scale Property:
1 ⎛t⎞
−1
If L { f (s)} = F(t ), then L {
−1
}
f (as) = F ⎜ ⎟ .
a ⎝ a⎠
⎧ 1 ⎫ −1 −1
⎧ 1 ⎫ 1 t
Example : If L ⎨ 2 ⎬ = sint , then L ⎨ ⎬ = sin
⎩ s +1 ⎭ ⎩ (5s) +1 ⎭ 5 5
2

(4) Multiplication by s n :
{ } { }
If L−1 f (s) = F(t ) and F(0) = 0, then L−1 sf (s) = F ′(t ),
{ } { }
If F(0) ≠ 0, then L−1 sf (s)− F(0) = F ′(t )L−1 sf (s) = F ′(t )+ F(0)δ (t )
⎧ 1 ⎫ −1
Example : Since L ⎨ 2 ⎬ = sint and sin 0=0,then
⎩ s +1⎭
−1
⎧ s ⎫ d
L ⎨ 2 ⎬ = (sint ) = cost
⎩ s + 1 ⎭ dt
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 Problems on Inverse Laplace Transforms
Problems: Evaluate the following

⎧ 3
−1 2s − 16 3 ⎫
(a) L ⎨ 5 − + ⎬
⎩ 2s 4s − 25
2
3s − 4 ⎭
−1
⎧ 6s − 4 ⎫ −1
⎧ 4s + 12 ⎫
(b) L ⎨ 2 ⎬ (c) L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ s + 4s + 20 ⎭ ⎩ s − 6s + 25 ⎭
⎧ − s ⎫
π

−1 ⎪ (6s + 4)e
2
⎪ ⎧
−1 ⎪ e−π s ⎫
⎪
(d) L ⎨ 2 ⎬ (e) L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎪ s − 2s − 3 ⎪ ⎩ s + 6s + 5 ⎪
⎪ ⎭
⎩ ⎭

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 Problems on Inverse Laplace Transforms
Solution (a): ⎧ 3
−1 2s −16 3 ⎫
Find L ⎨ 5 − 2 + ⎬
⎩ 2s 4s − 25 3s − 4 ⎭
3 −1 ⎧ 1 ⎫ −1 ⎧ 2s ⎫ −1 ⎧ 16 ⎫ −1 ⎧ 3 ⎫
= L ⎨ 4+1 ⎬ − L ⎨ 2 ⎬+L ⎨ 2 ⎬+L ⎨ ⎬
2 ⎩s ⎭ ⎩ 4s − 25 ⎭ ⎩ 4s − 25 ⎭ ⎩ 3s − 4 ⎭
3 −1 ⎧ 1 ⎫ 2 −1 ⎧ s ⎫
= L ⎨ 4+1 ⎬ − L ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
2 ⎩s ⎭ 4 ⎩ s − (5 /2) ⎭
16 −1 ⎧ 1 ⎫ −1
⎧ 1 ⎫
+ L ⎨ 2 2 ⎬
+L ⎨ ⎬
4 ⎩ s − (5 /2) ⎭ ⎩ s − 4 /3 ⎭
4
3 t4 2 5 16 sinh(5/2)t t
= ⋅ − ⋅cosh t + +e 3
2 4! 4 2 4 5/2
4
t4 1 5 8 t
= − cosh t + sinh(5/2)t + e 3
(Ans)
16 2 2 5
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 Problems on Inverse Laplace Transforms
Solution (b): ⎧ 6s − 4 ⎫
−1
Find L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ s + 4s + 20 ⎭
⎧ 6s − 4 ⎫ ⎧
−1 6(s + 2)− 4 −12
⎫
⎬ =L ⎨
−1
=L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ (s + 2) + 4 ⎭
2 2
⎩ s + 4s + 4 +16 ⎭
−1
⎧ 6(s + 2) ⎫ −1
⎧ 16 ⎫
=L ⎨ 2⎬
−L ⎨ 2⎬
⎩ (s + 2) + 4 ⎭ ⎩ (s + 2) + 4 ⎭
2 2

−1
⎧ (s + 2) ⎫ −1
⎧ 4 ⎫
= 6L ⎨ 2⎬
− 4L ⎨ 2⎬
⎩ (s + 2) + 4 ⎭ ⎩ (s + 2) + 4 ⎭
2 2

= 6e −2t cos4t − 4e −2t sin4t

= 2e −2t (3cos4t − 2sin4t ) (Ans)
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 Problems on Inverse Laplace Transforms
Solution (c): ⎧ 4s +12 ⎫
−1
Find (c) L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ s − 6s + 25 ⎭
⎧ 4s +12 ⎫ ⎧
−1 4(s − 3)+12+12
⎫
⎬ =L ⎨
−1
L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ (s − 3) + 4
2 2
⎩ s − 6s + 9+16 ⎭ ⎭
−1
⎧ 4(s − 3) ⎫ −1
⎧ 24 ⎫
=L ⎨ 2⎬
+L ⎨ 2⎬
⎩ (s − 3) + 4 ⎭ ⎩ (s − 3) + 4 ⎭
2 2

−1
⎧ (s − 3) ⎫ −1
⎧ 4 ⎫
= 4L ⎨ 2⎬
+ 6L ⎨ 2⎬
⎩ (s − 3) + 4 ⎭ ⎩ (s − 3) + 4 ⎭
2 2

= 4e3t cos4t + 6e3t sin4t

= 2e3t (2cos4t + 3sin4t ) (Ans)

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 Problems on Inverse Laplace Transforms
Solution (e): −1
⎧
⎪ e −π s
⎫
⎪
Find (e) L ⎨ 2 ⎬
⎩ s + 6s +5 ⎪
⎪ ⎭
1 1 1
Let f (s) = 2 = 2 =
s + 6s +5 s + 2.s.3+ 3 +5− 9 (s + 3)2 − 22
2

⎧ ⎫ 1 −3t
L −1
{ } −1
f (s) = L ⎨
1
2⎬
= e sinh2t = F(t )
2
⎩ (s + 3) − 2 ⎭
2

According to 2nd shifting property, we have

⎧
⎪ F(t − π ); t > π
−1
L e {
−π s
}
f (s) = ⎨
0; t <π
⎪
⎩
⎧ 1
⎪ e −3(t −π ) sinh2(t − π ); t > π
=⎨ 2
⎪ 0; t <π
⎩
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 Convolution Theorem
{ } { }
Statement : If L−1 f (s) = F(t ) and L−1 g(s) = G(t ), then
t

{ }
L−1 f (s)⋅ g(s) = ∫ F(u) G(t − u) du = F ∗G
0

we call F ∗G the Convolution or Faltung of F and G, and the theory

is called the Convolution theory or property.

Problems: Evaluate the following using Convolution theorem

−1
⎧ 1 ⎫ −1
⎧ 1 ⎫
(a) L ⎨ ⎬ (b) L ⎨ 2 2 2 ⎬
⎩ (s − 1)(s − 2) ⎭ ⎩ (s + a ) ⎭
−1
⎧ s ⎫
(c) L ⎨ 2 2 2 ⎬
⎩ (s + a ) ⎭

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 Problems on Convolution Theorem
Solution (a): ⎧ −1 1 ⎫
Find L ⎨ ⎬
⎩ (s − 1)(s − 2) ⎭
1 1 1
We can write, = ⋅
(s −1)(s − 2) (s −1) (s − 2)
1 1
Let f (s) = and g(s) =
(s − 1) (s − 2)
Therefore
−1
⎧ 1 ⎫
−1 −1 −1
⎧ 1 ⎫
L { f (s)} = L ⎨ ⎬ and L { g(s)} = L ⎨ ⎬
⎩ s −1 ⎭ ⎩ s − 2⎭
⇒ F(t ) = et and G(t ) = e2t

⇒ F(u) = eu and G(t − u) = e2(t −u)

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 Problems on Convolution Theorem
By the Convolution theorem, we have
t

{ }
L−1 f (s)⋅ g(s) = ∫ F(u) G(t − u) du
0

t t

= ∫ eu e2(t −u) du = ∫ eu e2t e −2u du

0 0
t
t

∫e = e ⎡⎣ −e ⎤⎦
−u 2t −u
=e 2t
du
0
0

= −e2t ⎡⎣ e −t − e0 ⎤⎦

= −e2t ⎡⎣ e −t − 1⎤⎦ = −e2t −t + e2t

= e2t − et (Ans)
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