GEN ED & PROF ED NOTES

1. Manila Bulletin- the oldest existing newspaper since 1900 in

the Phil.
2. Aliguyon- the hero of Ifugao epic Hudhud.
3. Bantugan- the hero of Maranaw epic Darangen.
4. Book burning- the event marked the 1st literary demonstration
in Phil.
5. Balagtas- Fil.poet snobbed by Huseng Sisiw.
6. Ladino- a person who could read and write in Spanish and
Tagalog.
7. Poet of the Love- Jose Corazon de Jesus
8. Mi Ultimo Adios- Rizal's best work
9. 17- letters of Alibata
10. Ninay- 1st Fil.social novel by Pedro Paterno
11. Pascual Poblete- Father of Fil. Newspapers
12. Genoveva Edroza Matute- 1st Palanca Awardee for short
story.
13. Kwento ni Mabuti- written by Genoveva E.M. which won
Palanca Awards for short story.
14. Dionisio Salazar- 1st Palanca Awardee for Play.
15. Social Aspect- focus of MAKAMISA.
16. Ambrosio Bautista- author of Declaration of Phil.
Independence.
17. Leona Florentino- 1st Poetess of the Phil.
18. Angel Magahum- called Literary Colussus of the Visayas.
19. Tomas Pinpin- Prince of Fil. Printers
20. Severino Reyes- Father of Fil. Drama
21. Epifanio delos Santos- Greatest among the Great Fil.
Scholars.
22. Pedro Serrano Laktaw- Filipino Tutor of Spanish King
23. Clemente Zulueta- Historian of the Revolution.
24. Theogony- origin of gods in mythology
25. Theomachy- battle among the gods of supremacy between
good and evil in mythologies.
26. Titanomachy- the war between the Titans and Olympian
gods.
27. Theophany- visible appearance of a god to a man.
28. Amphion- son of Zeus and Antiope who built a wall around
Thebes by charming the stones into place with a lyre.
29. Ahasuerus- the Wandering Jew in Eugene Sue's novel.
30. August Strindberg- a Norwegian writer best known for his
problem/social play like "Ghosts".
31. Li Po- Greatest Chinese Poet before Revolution.
32. Tolstoy- great Russian short story writer ( God sees the truth
but waits).
33. Tagore- Greatest Indian writer.
34. Goethe- wrote the Tragedy of Faust.
35. Eugene O' Neill- dramatist known as The Most Modern of
Moderns.
36. Oresteia- the only extrant trilogy
37. Kabuki- the drama of Japanese bourgeoisie.
38. Kalidasa- India's Shakespeare.
39. Eris- Greek goddess of Discord
40. Athena- Zeus' favorite daughter; goddess of cities,
civilization, and wisdom.
41. Lope de Vega- established the National Theater in Spain.
42. Elizabeth I - during golden age in England
43. Pericles- during golden age in Greece.
44.Lethe- the river of forgetfulness in Greek Myth.
45. Argos- the dog that guards the entrance to Hades.
46. Song of Hiawatha- epic of US.
47. Hemingway- writer of Snows of Kilimanjaro and The
Killers.
48. Flaubert- writer of Madame Bovary
49. Sartre- writer of Le Stanger.
50. Pirandello- an Italian who established the Teatro del
Speechio and whose plays used mirrors for effect.
51. Hauptman- German playwright and exponent of Theater of
the Absurd and Happy Days.
52. Arthur Miller- American playwright on expressionism and
wrote The Glass Menagerie.
53. Edict of Nantes- the law that granted religious tolerance to
Protestants.
54. Robinson Crusoe- often called the first true novel in English.

55. Princess of Cleves- 1st

important French novel by
Marie de la Fayette.
56. Faust- a character based on
true-to-life person.
57. Emily Dickinson- a poet
that had an eccentric use of
punctuations, making use of
dashes liberally for emphasis.
58. Madame Bovary- showpiece of French realism.
59. War and Peace- a historical novel about
Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1812.
60. Leo Tolstoy- become the leader of religious cult.
61. Chekhov- implied his works of pessimism.
62. James Joyce- best identified with modernism.
63. Virginia Woolfe- an ardent feminist.
64. Franz Kafka- known for his work The
Metamorphosis
65. 100yrs. Of Solitude- novel by Gabriel Marquez.
66. Battle Horn- most cherished weapon of a boy in
The Song Of Roland.
67. Mercutio- Romeo's bestfriend who was slain by
Tybalt, Juliet's relative.
68. Antigone- child of Oedipus who helped him
during his last days.
69. Carmen- a novel which became one of the
worlds famous operas.
70. Children of God- a novel tells the story of Joseph
Smith and how he founded the Mormon religion in
Utah.
71. Jane Eyre- a psychological romance by Charlotte
Bronte. About a young orphan who becomes a
governess and catches the attention of her employer.
72. Charon- he ferries the dead in the river Acheron.
73. Frankenstein- the creator of the monster.
74. Cupid and Psyche- a beautiful maiden achieves
immortality becoz her love and faith triumphs over
mistrust

Father of Biology: Aristotle

Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus
Father of Antibiotics: Alexander Fleming
Father of Taxonomy: Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Immunology: Edward Jenner
Father of Microbiology: Anton van Leuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology: Louis Pasteur
Father of Medical Microbiology: Robert Koch
Father of Pathology: Rudolph Virchow
Father of Bacteriology: Robert Koch
Father of Virology: W.M.Stanley
Father of Embryology: Aristotle
Father of Modern Embryology: Ernst Von Baer
Father of Physiology: Stephan Hales
Father of Modern experimental physiology: Calude
Bernard
Father of Genetics: Rev. Gregor Mendel
Father of Modern Genetics: Bateson
Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics:
Arachibald Garrod
Father of Experimental Genetics: T.H. Morgan
Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics:
Dodge
Father of Ecology: Theophrastus
Father of Cloning: Ian Willmut
Father of Plant anatomy: Grew
Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy):
Malpighi
Father of Cytology: Robert Hooke
Father of modern Cytology: Swanson
Father of Paleontology: Leonard da Vinci
Father of modern Paleontology: Cuvier
Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles
Father of Botany: Theophrastus
Father of Modern Botany: Bauhin
Father of Zoology: Aristotle
Father of Biochemistry: Liebig
Father of Epidemiology: John Snow
Father of Plant Pathology: de Bary
Father of Modern Pathology: Rudolf Virchow
Father of Genetic Engineering: Paul Berg
Father of Gene therapy: Anderson
Father of Ethology: Konard Lorentz
Father of Endocrinology Thomas Addison
Father of Eugenics: Galton
Father of Gerantology: Korenchevsk
Father of Palynology: Erdmann
Father of Stress physiology: Hans Selye
Father of Electrocardiography: Einthoven
Father of DNA Fingerprinting: Alec Jeffery
Father of Mycology: Micheli
Father of Bryology: Hedwig
Father of Phycology: Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann
Father of Anatomy: Herophilus
Father of Modern Anatomy: Andreas

The K-12 Basic Education Curriculum has the ff.

salient features:
1. It has a mandatory Kindergarten
- RA 10105 - signed by Pres. Simeon Benigno
Aquino III on January 20, 2012.
- nobody goes to Grade 1 w/out passing through
Kindergarten starting school year 2012-2013.
IMPLICATIONS:
- demand for Kindergarten teachers especially those
who specialized Early Childhood Education (ECEd)
or preschool education
2. Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
(MTB-MLE)
- students learns more than 2 languages-Mother
Tongue (L1), Filipino (L2), English (L3) in that
order (by public schools).
- EXCEPTIONS: in some private schools, the 1st
language taught in school may be English (L1),
followed by Mother Tongue (L2) then Filipino (L3).
-Mother Tongue is taught as a subject from K to 3;
all subjects from K to 3 must be taught in the mother
tongue.
IMPLICATIONS:
- need for teachers to learn to speak different mother
tongues. Multilingual teacher has more advantage
than the bilingual and monolingual teachers.
3. MAPEH is introduced as a subject w/ each subject
given separate time allotment starting Grade 1.
-PROBLEM: lack of teachers who can teach all four
(Music, Arts, PE and Health).
-IMPLICATIONS: if you want better chances of
employment,
1.specialize in these subjects (if haven't specialized
yet)
2. specialize any of these four or at least 2 of these 4
(if you have already specialized 1 subject)
4. Math, Science and other subjects are taught with
the spiral progression approach.
- 2002 BEC- Math and Science is taught by
DISCIPLINE APPROACH: Elementary Algebra
and Integrated Science (1st Year High School),
Intermediate Algebra and Biology (2nd yr.),
Geometry and Chemistry (3rd yr.) Trigonometry and
Statistics, and Physics (4th yr.)
- in K to 12, Math and Science is taught by SPIRAL
PROGRESSION APPROACH (means a
combination of different disciplines are taught in
each Grade level, in short, INTEGRATED).
IMPLICATIONS:
1. For Science majors, they have to specialize in at
least 2 or more.
2. Math majors, should master all Math subjects.
5. Technology and Livelihood Education Courses
(TLE)
- in K to 12, TLE courses in Grade 7 and 8 are
exploratory (4 exploratory courses in G7 & another
4 in G8)
-Exploratory courses (Common competencies/basic
skills in TESDA) are the ff:
1. use and maintenance of tools
2. interpreting drawing
3. mensuration & calculation
4. occupational safety & health
- by G8, introduced to at least 8 exploratory courses
and must have obtained Certificate of Competency
(COC)
- by G9, student may now choose to learn a focus
area offered by the school w/c continues up to G10.
- National Certificate 1 (NC 1) is obtained if the
student is able to pass the assessment from TESDA.
- NC 1 is the minimum requirement of the industry
in order for the applicant to be hired.
- If the student takes Tech-voc career path in G11 &
G12, this will easily earn for him an NC 2.
6. Senior High School offers 5 career paths a student
can choose from G11 and G12:
1. Business and Entrepreneurship
2. Technical-Vocational
3. Humanities and Social Sciences
4. Science, Technology and Engineering
5. Sports.
7. It is focused on the development of 21st Century
skills, namely:
1. Effective Communication Skills
2. Information, Media and Technology skills
3. Learning and innovation skills
4. Life and Career skills
- We belong to the group of "digital-native" and
"screenagers" generation
8. K to 12 is highly
1. Constructivist
2. inquiry-based
3. Integrative
4. Collaborative
5. reflective in approach
9. K to 12 observes a balanced system of assessment
that includes traditional as well as authentic
assessment. It promotes the use of formative
assessment (assessment FOR learning) to ensure
mastery of competencies and self-assessment
(assessment AS learning) to develop independent
learning.
Rationale/Reasons behind the introduction of the K
to 12 curriculum
1. To improve on the mastery of basic competencies
by decongesting the curriculum.
2. To cope with the 12-year basic education
international standards for our graduates to be
recognized as professionals here and abroad.
3. To ensure that every Grade 12 graduate is work-
ready and college-ready.
4. To respond to a recommendation of educational
researches to expand the years of basic education
which is long overdue.
Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of the
only three countries in the world (Djibouti, and
Angola of Africa) with a 10-year pre-university
program.
Professional Education
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. ESSENTIALISM
The teacher is the sole athourity in her subject area
or field of specialization
Excellence in education ,back to basics and cultural
literacy
2. PERENNIALISM
Teachers help students think with reason based on
socratic methods of oral exposition or
recitation ,explicit or deliberate teaching of
traditional values
Use of great books and return to liberal arts
3. PROGRESSIVSM
Subjects are interdisciplinary,integrative and
interactive
Curriculum is focused on students interest,human
problems and affairs
School reforms ,relevant and contextualized
curriculum,humanistic education
4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM
Teacher act as agents of change and reform in
various educational projects including research
Equality of educational opportunities in
education,access to global education
5. CURRICULUM
a. It is based on students needs and interest
b. It is always related to instruction
c. Subject matter is organized in terms of
knowledge ,skills and values
d.the process emphazise problem solving
e. Curriculum aims to educate generalist and
not specialist
6. BEHAVIORIST PSYCHOLOGY
Learning should be organized so that students can
experience success in the process of mastering the
subject matter
7. COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY
Learning constitutes a logical method for organizing
and interpreting learning
8. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
Curriculum is concerned with the process not the
products
personal needs not subject matter
psychological meanings and environmental
situations
9. SOCIAL FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM
Society as ever dynamic,is a source of very fast
changes which are difficult to cope with
10. PHILOSOPHICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM
Helps in answering what school are for ,what subject
are important, how students should learn,and what
materials and methods should be used
11. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
CURRICULUM
Shows different changes in the purposes ,principles
and content of the curriculum
12. GOOD CURRICULUM
Complements and cooperates with other programs of
the community
Provides for the logical sequence of subject matter
continuously involving
Complex of detail
13. WRITTEN CURRICULUM
Teacher Charisa implements or delivers her lessons
in the classroom based on a curriculum that appear
in school, district or division documents
14. RECOMMENDED CURRICULUM
Proposed by scholars and professional organization
15. HIDDEN CURRICULUM
Unintended curriculum which is not deliberately
planned but may modify behavior or influence
learning outcomes
16. TAUGHT CURRICULUM
Teachers implement or deliver in the classrooms or
schools
17. OBJECTIVES
Implement or component of the curriculum provides
the bases for the selection of content and learning
experience which also set the criteria against which
learning outcomes will be evaluated
18. LEARNING EXPERIENCE
What instructional strategies resources and activities
will be employed
19. CONTENT
What subject matter is to be included
20. EVALUATION APPROACHES
What methods and instruments will be used to asses
the results of curriculum
21. INTEREST
A learner will value the content or subject matter if it
is meaningful to him/her
22. SIGNIFICANCE
When content or subject matter will contribute the
basic ideas,concepts,principles and generalization to
achieve the overall aim of the curriculum then it is
significant
23. LEARNABILITY
Subject matter is the curriculum should be within the
range of the experience of the learners
24. UTILITY
Usefulness of the content or subject matter may be
relative to the learner who is going to use it.
25. LEARNING CONTENT OF A
CURRICULUM
Frequently and commonly used in daily life
Suited to the maturity levels and abilities of students
Valuable in meeting the needs and the competences
of a future career
26. LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Elements or components of the curriculum includes
instructional strategies and methods that put in
action the goals and use the contents in order to
produce the outcome
27. AIMS, GOAL and OBJECTIVES
They provide the bases for the selection of learning
content and learning experiences
They also set the criteria against which learning
outcomes will be evaluated
28. SUBJECT MATTER/CONTENT
It is the compendium of facts concepts,
generalization, principles and theories.
It is individuals personal and social world and how
he or she defines reality
29. EVALUATION APPROACHES
Refer to the formal determination of the quality,
effectiveness or value of the program, process and
product of the curriculum
30. INPUT
In the CIPP Model by Stufflebeam the goals,
instructional strategies ,the learners ,the teachers the
content and all materials needed in the curriculum
31. CONTEXT
Refers to the environment of the curriculum or the
real situation where the curriculum is operating
32. PROCESS
Refers to the ways and means of how the curriculum
has been implemented

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER
MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT
1. THRUST – proceeding without assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while
currently doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM – choice HUMANISM – build
IDEALISM – enough in mind PERRENIALISM –
constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E)
PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see UTILITARIANISM -
best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM – benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modelling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE – Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL - Father of
Kindergarten
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two
bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation
without will
FREUD’S
PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL
THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescence
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA – daughter to
dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – Inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School
Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of
1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 – “Persons in
authority”
KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7 -
PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,
Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika
(Quezon, Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika
(Ramos)
PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of
1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance
to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA
9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education
Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO (National
Language)
BRUNER’S THREE MODES OF
REPRESENTATION
1. ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based
information
2. ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
3. SYMBOLIC (7+) – code/symbols such as
language
TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES
COGNITIVE:
BLOOM (LOTS) ANDERSON (HOTS)
-Knowledge
-Comprehension
-Application
-Analysis
-Synthesis
-Evaluation o Remembering
-Understanding
-Applying
- Analysing
- Evaluating
- Creating
AFFECTIVE:
-Receiving
- Responding
- Valuing
- Organizing
- Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
- Perception
- Set
- Guided Response
- Mechanism
- Complex Overt Response
- Adaptation
-Origination o Reflex movement
- Fundamental Movement
- Physical Movement
- Perceptual Abilities
- Skilled Movements
- Non-discursive communication

DALES CONE OF EXPERIENCE

Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL TASKS
1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (0-12 months)
2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (1-3 years
old)
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-6 years old)
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12 years old)
5. INDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION (12-18
years old)
6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (early 20s-early
40s
7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40s-mid
60s)
8. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (mid 60s-death)

PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

THEORY
1. SENSORY – senses
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL - imagination
3. CONCRETE 4. FORMAL
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present)
5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future)
MISTAKEN GOALS
1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me”
2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt”
3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?”

GENERAL EDUCATION
(Open for corrections)
★ Highway 54 - the old name of EDSA during ww-
II
★ Trisomy 21 - also known as down syndrome
★ Kumintang - Filipinos would sing this song in
preparation for war battle
★ En ventre sa mere - the right of the unborn child is
the same as the right of individual
★ Mark Twain - pen name of Samuel Clemens
★ Heroic Couplet - last two lines of the Sonnet
★ Sergio Osmeña - the first appointed head of the
Department of Education during Commonwealth
period
★ Philippine Normal University - established by the
Americans for aspiring educators in 1901
★ Animal cells - donot produce cell walls
★ Bousterophedon - Ancient Greeks form of writing
★ Nitrogen - the nost abundant gas in the
atmosphere
★ Skin - body's largest organ
★ Chivalric education - also known as social
discipline. The educational system which
emphasized social etiquette
★ Socratic method - teachers ask questions to try to
get students to clarify and rethink their own ideas, to
come eventually to a deep and clear understanding
of philosophical concepts
★ Saracenic education - this education is training for
scientific thinking
★ verbatim - word for word
★ Social Justice - very foundation of genuine peace
and reconciliation
★ National Treasury - provides the fund to support
the Air Quality Management in the Philippines
★ Tomas Pinpin - kauna-unahang manlilimbag na
Pilipino
★ Pascual Poblete - tinaguriang "Ama ng
Pahayagang tagalog"
★ Oxygen - a by-product of Photosynthesis
★ water - universal solvent
★ Gametes (in human) - contain 22 autosomes and 1
sex chromosome
★ Emilio Jacinto - utak ng Katipunan
★ Apolinario Mabini - utak ng rebolusyon
★ Kinkee - the gas lamp used to lighten the streets
in intramuros way back in history
★ Miranda rule - right of a person under arrest
★ Epistemology - examines the nature and origin of
human knowledge
★ empiricism - holds that the sensory experience is
the source of knowledge
★ Agnoticism - coined by Thomas Huxley which
means "not knowledge but being able to know
★ metaphysics - it seeks to find out what is
ultimately real
★ Horticulture - the art of growing flowers, fruits
and vegetables
★ Jus sanguinis - a child follows the nationality or
citizenship of the parents regardless of the place of
his birth
★ 1956 - Lupang Hinirang was sung for the first
time
★ Element - the simplest substance that cannot be
decomposed further by normal chemical means
★ Pedro Bucaneg - Ama ng panitikang Ilocano
★ Intellectual Appreciative Experiences - based on
the premise that all the learning has emotional
correlates
★ Thailand - formerly called "Siam"
★ Henry Otley Beyer - proposed the idea that the
first Filipinos came through waves of migration
from South to North
★ Klaster - Kambal katinig
★ Trinidad Tecson - Ina ng Biak-na-Bato at Ina ng
Kruss na Pula (Red cross)
★ Truman Doctrine - was an american foreign
policy created to counter Soviet geopolitical
expansion during the cold war
★ Manila - was named "Distinguished and ever
loyal city" by Legaspi
★ Mariano Trias - First Vice President of the
Republic of the Philippines
★ Plebiscite - the direct vote of all the members of
an electorate on an important public questions such
as a change in the Constitution.
★Monothiest religion - Christianity, Islam, Judaism
★ First sultinate - Sultinate of Sulu
★ Diwata I - first Satellite launched by the
Philippines
★ Franchise - given the right to vote
★ disenfranchise - removal of the right to vote
★ Antartica - Largest dessert, cold dessert
★ Bicameralism - upperhouse / Lowerhouse
★ Executive - emplimentinv body
★ Legislative - Lawmaking body
★ Judiciary - interpreting body
★ Ural Mountain - separated Europe and Asia
★ 5 ships of Magellan - Trinidad, Conception,
Victoria, San Antonio, & San Tiago
★ Mongoloids - Known as the Yellow race
★ Henry the Navigator - Ancestor ni Dora the
Explorer (charr! XD) He's the great king of Portugal

TEACHING PROFESSION
Common REPUBLIC ACTS in LET:
● RA 7836 - Philippine Teacher Professionalization
Act of 1994
● RA 7796 - TESDA Act of 1994
● Article XIV 1987 Philippine Constitution
(Educ.Sci & Tech,Arts,Culture& Sports) this is the
very fundamental legal basis of education in thr
philippines.
● Education Act of 1982 (Batas Pambansa 232, Sept
11,1982) an Act providing for the Establishment &
Maintenance of an Integrated System of Education
● RA 4670 - Magna Carta for Public School
Teachers (June 18,1966)
● RA 6713 - Code of Conduct & Ethical Standards
For Public Officials and Employees
● RA 7877 - Anti-sexual Harrassment Act of 1995
● RA 9155 - Decentralization; Legal basis of Shared
Governance in Basic Education
● RA 7784 - Establishment of Center of Excellence
● K-12 Curriculum - Enhanced Basic Education
Curriculum
● RA 90210 - "An Act to Integrate Information
Teachnology into the Public Elementary &
Secondary Curricula & Appropriating funds
● RA 10121 - DRMM approval headed by OCO
office of Civil defense May 2010
REPUBLIC ACT
7610 -- Anti child abuse
7160 -- Local Government Code
9262 -- Violence against women
7877 --Anti sexual Harassment
1425 -- Batas ni Rizal
10533 -- K-12 Curriculum
4670 -- Magna Carta for Public Teacher
7836 -- LET (PRC)
9293 --Qualification of teachers, applicants,
registration
9155 -- BEC
7796 -- TESDA
7722 -- CHED
9994 -- Expanded Senior citizens
7277 -- Disabilities
8049 -- Anti hazing Law ( fraternity...
6713 -- Code of conduct
REPUBLIC ACT No. 137
-Board of Textbooks. It provided for all public
schools to use only those books approved by the
board for a period of six years from the date of their
adoption.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 1425
-The inclusion of a course on the life, works and
writings- especially the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo of Dr. Jose Rizal in the curricula of
all public and private schools.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 4670
-The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers.
REPUBLIC ACT 1079
-Commonwealth Act No.117
-Civil Service Eligibility shall be permanent and
shall be valid throughout a person’s lifetime.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 6728
-The Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education.
(Scholarship Programs)
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7722
-Creating the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) composed of a chairperson and four (4)
commissioners.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7743
-the establishment of public libraries and reading
centers in every barangay and municipality of the
country.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7784
-The Centers of Excellence Law
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7796
-The TESDA Law
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7836
-Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7877
-Anti Sexual harassment Act of 1995
EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 27
-the inclusion of subject courses on human rights in
the school curricula, textbooks, and other reading
materials
EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 189
-All public Secondary School teachers under the
administrative supervision and control of DECS.
-Issued by former President Corazon Aquino.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 6-A
-known as the Educational Development Decree of
1972, and was implemented by the late former
President Ferdinand Marcos.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 146
-this decree requiring ALL senior high school
students to pass the National College Entrance
Examination (NCEE) as pre-requisite for admission
to any post- secondary academic or professional
degree program.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No.451
-this law repealed R.A No. 6139 and authorized the
Sec. of Education and Culture to regulate the
imposition of tuition fee and other school fees in all
private educational institutions.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 688
-This law gave the Civil Service Commission the
power and authority to give the appropriate
examination for all public school teachers.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1139
-this decree issued on May 13, 1977, created the
position of the undersecretary for NON-FORMAL
Education who shall make an overall assessment of
the existing non formal education programs and
shall take charge of all non-formal education
programs of DECS.
DEPARTMENT ORDER No. 1, s.1973
-this DECS order reiterates the policy on the use of
locally published textbooks of Filipino authorship in
all levels of education, both public and private.
DEPARTMENT ORDER No. 25, s.1974
-The implementation of BILINGUAL
EDUACATION Program which mandates the use of
English and Filipino as separate media of
instruction.
MEC ORDER No. 22, s.1978
-ALL institutions shall offer in all their curricular
programs at least six (6) units of Filipino, starting
the FIRST SEM Of school year 1979- 1980.
DECS ORDER No. 30, s. 1993
-this order issued on May 20, 1993, providing for a
National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) for
ALL grade six pupils in Public and Private schools
DECS ORDER No. 38, s. 1994
-provided for a National Secondary Assessment Test
(NSAT) to be administered to ALL graduating
public and private high school.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 1265
-the Law on the Observance of Flag Ceremony
EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 200

FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
● John Locke 👉 was an English philosopher and
physician "Father of Liberalism" ; to form character
(mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as
Training of the mind/Formal discipline ; Notable
ideas - "Tabula rasa"
● Francis Bacon 👉was an English philosopher,
statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. "Father
of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"
● Jean Jacques Rousseau 👉was a Francophone
Genevan philosopher, writer and composer of the
18th century."Hollistic education"(physical,moral,
intellectual)
Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child
centered learning; Famous novel: "Emile" or On
Education; Human Development
● Edgar Dale 👉was an American educator who
developed the "Cone of Experience"
aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"
● Erik Erikson 👉was a German-born American
developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst
known for his theory on "psychosocial development"
of human beings.
● Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 👉was a swiss
pedagogue and educational reformer who
exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social
regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-
sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by
head, hand and heart"
● Friedrich Frobel 👉was a German pedagogue a
student of Pestalozzi who laid the "foundation of
modern education" based on the recognition that
children have unique needs and capabilities. "Father
of kindergarten"
● Johann Herbart 👉was a German philosopher,
psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an
academic discipline. ;
● Edward Lee Thorndike👉 was an American
psychologist ; " Father of Modern educational
psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize
the fullest satisfaction of human wants"
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
EDUCATION
● IDEALISM 👉 Plato (own ideas) nothing exist
except in the mind of a man/ what we want the
world to be
● REALISM 👉 Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius;
Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke
(experience) fully mastery of knowledge
● BEHAVIORISM 👉always guided by standards/by
procedure; purpose is to modify the behavior
● EXISTENTIALISM 👉Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man
shapes his being as he lives"
Focuses on self/individual
● PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM 👉
William James; John Dewey - learn from
experiences through interaction to the environment
Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children
● PERENNIALISM 👉Robert Hutchins
focuses on unchanging/universal truths
● ESSENTIALISM 👉 William Bagley - teaching the
basic/essential knowledge
Focuses on basic skills and knowledge
● PROGRESSIVISM 👉Dewey/Pestalozzi (process
of development)
focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of
individuality
● CONSTRUCTIVISM👉Jean Piaget
Focused on how humans make meaning in relation
to the interaction b/w their experiences and their
ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an
epistemological stance.
● SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM 👉George
Counts - recognized that education was the means of
preparing people for creating his new social order
highlights social reform as the aim of education
ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the
passing of customs, beliefs and tradition through
interaction and reading.
ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's
custom, beliefs and traditions from one generation to
the next generation
Convergent questions - are those that typically have
one correct answer.
Divergent questions - also called open-ended
questions are used to encourage many answers and
generate greater participation of students. Higher
order thinking skills; to think more creatively.
90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law
30 days - "lapse"
PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING &
MOTIVATION
● Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund
Freud
● Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of
Personality
● Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory
of Development
● Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev
Semanovich Vygotsky
● Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John
Dewey; Jerome Brunner
● Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers;
Louis Raths
● Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov;
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
● Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
● Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
● Edward Thorndike - connectionism
● B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning &
reinforcement
● Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment;
modelling; self eficacy
● David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
● Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning
Theory/Inquiry method
● Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
● Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's -
Information Processing Theory
● Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
● Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
● Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life
space
● Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
● Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of
Proximal Development (ZPD) * gap b/w actual and
potential development
● Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
● Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
● Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Modern Psychology"

Enculturation -- learning culture from one's group.

Acculturation -- process of learning some new traits
from other culture.
Assimilation -- changing of current culture by means
of adopting other.
Amalgamation -- adopt your beliefs, socialities of
your partners/group/friends.
Immersion -- complete involvement.
Gemeinshaft -- community shared experiences,
instead of individual (collectivism)
Geselleshaft -- needs of individual instead of group
(individualism)
Authoritarian -- make demands on weild manner
power but lack of warmth.
Authoritative -- establish restriction and explain with
what is the reason why.
FOUNDERS AND FATHERS IN ENGLISH
LITERATURE
ENGLISH IS EASY"
1.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English
Literature
2.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English Poetry
3.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Father of English
Language
4.Geoffrey Chaucer = The Morning Star of the
Renaissance
5.Geoffrey Chaucer = The First National Poet
6.Venerable Bede = The Father of English Learning.
7.Venerable Bede = The Father of English History
8.King Alfred the Great = The Father of English
Prose
9.Aeschylus = The Father of Tragedy
10.Nicholas Udall = The First English Comedy
Writer
11.Edmund Spenser = The Poet’s poet (by Charles
Lamb)
12.Edmund Spenser = The Child of Renaissance
13.Edmund Spenser = The Bridge between
Renaissance and Reformation
14.Gutenberg = The Father of Printing
15.William Caxton = Father of English Press
16.Francis Bacon = The Father of English Essay
17.John Wycliffe = The Morning Star of the
Reformation
18.Christopher Marlowe = The Father of English
Tragedy
19.William Shakespeare = Bard of Avon
20.William Shakespeare = The Father of English
Drama
21.William Shakespeare = Sweet Swan of Avon
22.William Shakespeare = The Bard
23.Robert Burns = The Bard of Ayrshire (Scotland)
24.Robert Burns = The National Poet of Scotland
25.Robert Burns = Rabbie
26.Robert Burns = The Ploughman Poet
27.William Dunber = The Chaucer of Scotland
28.John Dryden = Father of English criticism
29.William of Newbury = Father of Historical
Criticism
30.John Donne = Poet of love
31.John Donne = Metaphysical poet
32.John Milton = Epic poet
33.John Milton = The great master of verse
34.John Milton = Lady of the Christ College
35.John Milton = Poet of the Devil’s Party
36.John Milton = Master of the Grand style
38.John Milton = The Blind Poet of England
39.Alexander Pope = Mock heroic poet
40.William Wordsworth = The Worshipper of
Nature
41.William Wordsworth = The High Priest of Nature
42.William Wordsworth = The Poet of Nature
43.William Wordsworth = The Lake Poet
44.William Wordsworth = Poet of Childhood
45.William Wordsworth = Egotistical Sublime
46.Samuel Taylor Coleridge = The Poet of
Supernaturalism
47.Samuel Taylor Coleridge = Opium Eater
48.Coleridge & Wordsworth = The Father of
Romanticism
49.Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey = Lake Poets
50.Lord Byron = The Rebel Poet
51.Percy Bysshe Shelley = The Revolutionary Poet
52.Percy Bysshe Shelley = Poet of hope and
regeneration
53.John Keats = Poet of Beauty
54.William Blake = The Mystic Poet
55.John Keats = Chameleon Poet
56.Lord Alfred Tennyson = The Representative of
the Victorian Era
57.George Bernard Shaw = The greatest modern
dramatist
58.George Bernard Shaw = The Iconoclast
59.Jane Austen = Anti-romantic in Romantic age
60.Lindley Murray = Father of English Grammar
61.James Joyce = Father of English Stream of
Conscious Novel
62.Edgar Allen Poe = Father of English Mystery
play
63.Edgar Allen Poe = The Father of English Short
Story
64.Henry Fielding = The Father of English Novel
65.Samuel Johnson = Father of English one Act Play
66.Sigmund Freud = A great Psycho-analyst
67.Robert Frost = The Poet of Terror
68.Francesco Petrarch = The Father of Sonnet
(Italian)
69.Francesco Petrarch = The Father of Humanism
70.Sir Thomas Wyatt = The Father of English
Sonnet
71.Henry Louis Vivian Derozio = The Father of
Indian-Anglican Sonnet
72.William Hazlitt = Critic’s Critic
73.Charles Lamb = The Essay of Elia
74.Arthur Miller = Mulk Raj Anand of America
75.Addison = The voice of humanist Puritanism
76.Emerson = The Seneca of America
77.Mother Teresa = The Boon of Heaven
78.Thomas Nash = Young Juvenile
79.Thomas Decker = Fore-runner of Humorist
80.Homer = The Father of Epic Poetry
81.Homer = The Blind Poet
82.Henrick Ibsen = Father of Modern theatre
83.Rabindranath Tagore = Indian National Poet
84.Nissim Ezekiel = The Father of Indian English
Poet

Jacob Kounin
1. Accountability- The teacher holds all members of
the class responsible for their learning and behavior.
2. Dangles- The teacher continues to find materials,
reviews lesson plans, and talks with individual
students when the class as a whole is ready for
instruction
3. Desists- The teacher engages in a effort to stop a
misbehavior
4.Flip-flops- The teacher is engaged in one activity
and then returns to a precious activity that the
students thought they had finished
5. Fragmentation- The teacher engages in a type of
slowdown
Group Alerting- The teacher obtains and holds the
attention of the class, both at the beginning of a
lesson and as the activities change within a lesson
6. Group Focus- The teacher keeps the attention of
all members of the class at all times, which assists in
maintaining an efficient classroom and reducing
students' misbehavior
7. Jerkiness- The teacher fails to develop a
consistent flow of instruction, thus causing students
to feel lesson momentum jerks from slow to fast
8. Movement Management- The teacher keeps
lessons and groups engaged at an appropriate pace,
with smooth transitions and varying activities
9. Over-Dwelling- The teacher dwells on an issue
and engages in a stream of talk clearly longer than
the time needed for students' understanding
10. Overlapping- The teacher supervises and attends
to more than one group activity at the same time
11. Ripple Effect- The teacher corrects one student
or calls attention to one student for his or her
misbehavior and it ripples to other students causing
them to behave better.
12. Satiation- The students have focused on one
learning aspect too long and begin to lose interest,
make more mistakes and misbehave.
13. Slowdowns- The teacher, when teaching, moves
too slowly and stops instruction too often. Thus the
students lose interest or learning momentum
.
14. Stimulus Bound- The teacher has the students
engaged in a lesson and then something attracts his
or her attention, she or he loses the instructional
focus and momentum while dealing with the other
issue.
15. Thrust- The teacher teaches too slowly or too
fast or switches back and forth, thus failing to
acquire and hole an appropriate momentum for
students to learn.
16. Truncation- The teacher engages in a dangle, yet
fails to resume the original, dropped activity.
17. Withitness- The teacher perceives everything in
all areas of the classroom at all times.

FINAL COACHING BULLETS🤩

Stimulus bounded- distracted by outside stimuli
easily.
Horizontal mobility- a teacher in brgy. School
transferred in town.
Vertical mobility- teacher being promoted as
supervisor
Nuclear family- father, mother and their children
Extended family- parents and other relatives
Solitary play- children play toys by themselves
Onlooker play- children watch others play but not
involved
Parallel play- children watch alongside not with each
other.
Associative play- parehas ang kanilang nilalaro
Baduy- awkward looking
Transmuted- changed
Carnal- bold
Aplomb- composure
Loquacious- verbose
Profanity- obscenities
Rizal was born- calamba, laguna
Penchant- fondness
Eureka- discovery
Metaphor- "the lord is my sheperd"
Hyperbole- " he is the blacksheep in the family"
Geoffrey Chaucer- morning star of English lit.
Shakespear- "Bard of avon"
Nature- heredity, IQ, character traits
Nurture- environment
Phelogenetic- development follows orderly sequence
Ontogenetic- rate of dev. Is unique
Cepalocaudal- dev. From head to foot
Proximodistal- central access
Iconic- by seeing ex. Pictures
Symbolic- by symbols ex. Words and numbers
Inactive- learning by doing physical action
Socrates- " know thyself"
Plato- " wrote the republic"
Aristotle- "father of modern sciences"
Albert bandura- social learning theory/ modelling
Kohlberg- moral dev. Theory
Pavlov- classical conditioning
Skinner- operant conditioning
John amos comenius- " orbis pictus"
NCBTS -national Competency-based teacher
standards
tanaga 7777
tanka 57577
Tree releases carbon dioxide during? ~ evening
tatlong tuldok na sunod-sunod = elipsis
town criers~~~umalohokan
Meaning of TOS ~~~table of Specifications
Sage on stage ~~dispenser of knowledge
Negative effect of extended family~ FAVORITISM.
Bicameralism~~ Jones Law
Ang _____ay ang bantas na ginagamit sa pagitan ng
panlaping IKA at Tambilang~~~GITLING
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I _________ rewarded with
vacation in the US~~would have been
She is a lovely rose" is an example of~~metaphor
Had I studied very well, I _________ rewarded with
vacation in the US~~would have been
_________ is an example of a non pathogenic
microorganism~~ Probiotics as bifidobacterium
First labor union in the Philippines~~~Union Obrera
Demokratika
The only remnant after world war II~~Philippine
Independent Church
Sa mga Soc Sci major mag focus po kayo sa
Economics
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
SUBCATEGORIES OF TEACHER
MOVEMENT/MOVEMENT MANAGEMENT
1. THRUST – proceeding without assessing
2. DANGLING – hanging activity by giving another
3. TRUNCATION – leaves activity
4. FLIP-FLOP – returns to a left activity while
currently
doing an activity
5. STIMULUS-BOUND – distracted
6. OVERDWELLING – overtime in one topic
7. OVERLAPPING – multitasking results negatively
ISM’s IN EDUCATION
BEHAVIORISM – change ESSENTIALISM – basic
EXISTENTIALISM – choice HUMANISM – build
IDEALISM – enough in mind PERRENIALISM –
constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E)
PROGRESSIVISM – improve
REALISM – enough to see UTILITARIANISM -
best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM – benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity
SPANISH – Christianity
AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH – moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE – progress
PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER – Operant Conditioning
BANDURA – Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE – Social Learning
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CARL JUNG – Psychological
CONFICIUS – Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE – Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON – Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV – Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET – Cognitive FROEBEL - Father of
Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI – realia, Froebel’s protégé
JEROME BRUNER – Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY – learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS – Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG – Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD – Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON – Physiological
PRINCIPLES
HEDONISM – pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT – sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION – cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL – choice of the less one from two
bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION – cooperation
without will
FREUD’S
PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOANALYTICAL
THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. ANAL (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. PHALLIC – Preschool
4. LATENCY – School Age
5. GENITAL – Adolescense
OEDIPUS – son to mom ELECTRA – daughter to
dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School
Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of
1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 – “persons in
authority”