Worksheet - 7

May’ 23

Further Pure Mathematics

Topic: Rate of Change &

Approximation

Prepared by Faisal Mizan

Senior Teacher of Mastermind
 Pure Mathematics

Rate of Change
1 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝐴
1. Given that 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 and that = 6 cm/s, find when 𝑟 = 2 cm.
4 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑟
2. Given that 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 and that 𝑑𝑡 = 8 cm3/s, find 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑟 = 3 cm.

𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
3. Given that 𝑉 = 4ℎ3 and that = 36 cm3/s, find when 𝑉 = 500 cm3.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
4. Given that 𝑉 = 3 𝜋ℎ2 (24 − ℎ) and that 𝑑𝑡 = 8 cm3/s, find 𝑑𝑡 when ℎ = 4 cm.

4 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑉
5. Given that 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 and that 𝑑𝑡 = 2 cm/s, find 𝑑𝑡
when 𝑉 = 36𝜋 cm3.

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
6. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥+1 and that 𝑑𝑡 = 1, find 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = 2.

𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑟
7. Given that 𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑟 + 1)2 and that 𝑑𝑡 = 6𝜋 cm2/s, find 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑟 = 3.

8. The area of a circular pool of oil is increasing at a constant rate of 20 cm2/s. Find, to 2 significant figures,
the rate of increase of the radius when the area is 36 cm2.

9. The radius of circular ink blot is increasing at the rate of 0.3 cm/s. Find, in cm2/s, to 2 significant figures,
the rate at which the area of the blot is increasing at the instant when the radius of the blot is 0.8 cm.

10. The area of a circle is increasing at a uniform rate of 8 cm2/s. Find the rate of increase of the radius when
the circumference of the circle is 96 cm.

11. Water dripping from a ceiling makes a circular stain on a carpet. The area of the stain increases at the
rate of 0.5 cm2/s. Find the rate of change of the radius of the circle, in cm/s, to 2 significant figures, when the
area is 20 cm2.

12. Oil is dripping from a pipe at a constant rate and forms a circular pool. The area of the pool is increasing
at 15 cm2/s. Find, to 3 significant figures, the rate of increase of the radius of the pool when the area is 50 cm2.

13. Oil is leaking from a hole in a pipe. The oil forms a circular pool of radius 𝑟 cm. The area 𝐴 cm2, of the
surface of the pool is increasing at a constant rate of 0.3 cm2/s. Find, to 3 significant figures, the rate of
increase of the radius of the pool when the area is 40 cm2.

14. A sphere is being inflated. Its radius is increasing at the constant rate of 0.1 m/s. Find, to 3 significant
figures, the rate of increase of the volume of the sphere at the instant when the radius is 1.2 m.

15. The volume of a sphere is increasing at a rate of 15 cm3/s. Find the rate of increase of the radius of the
sphere when its surface area is 45 cm2

16. A spherical balloon is being inflated so that its volume is increasing at a rate of 0.2 m3/s. Find the rate of
increase of the surface area of the balloon when its radius is 0.3 m.

17. The radius of sphere is 𝑟 cm. Given that the surface area of the sphere is increasing at a rate of 4 cm2/s.
Calculate the rate, in cm3/s, at which the volume of the sphere is increasing when 𝑟 = 3.

FAISAL MIZAN 1
 Pure Mathematics

18. Each edge of a metal cube is expanding at a constant rate of 2.3×10-4 cm/s. Find the rate of increase of
the volume of the cube, in cm3/s, when each edge of the cube is 3 cm.

19. The length of each of the edges of a cube is increasing at the same rate. Given that the total surface area
is increasing at the rate of 7.2×10-3 m2/s when the length of each edge is 1.2 m. Find the rate of increase of
the length of each edge of the cube at this instant.

20. The edges of a cube are of length 𝑥 cm. Given that the volume of the cube is being increased at a rate of
𝑝 cm3/s, where 𝑝 is a constant. Calculate, in terms of 𝑝, in cm2/s, the rate at which the surface area of the
cube is increasing when 𝑥 = 5.

21. The radius of the base of circular cone is 𝑟 cm and the vertical height of the cone is 2𝑟 cm. Given that the
radius of the base is increasing at a rate of 5 cm/s. Find the rate, in cm3/s, to 3 significant figures, at which
the volume of the cone is increasing when 𝑟 = 6.

22. Sand is poured at a steady rate of 0.6 m3/s to form a pile. The pile is in the shape of a right circular cone
for which the height is always twice the radius of the base. Calculate, in m/s, to 2 significant figures, the rate
at which the height of the pile is increasing when its height is 1.8 m.

23. The volume of a right circular cone is increasing at the rate of 45 cm3/s. The height of the cone is always
three times the radius of the base of the cone. Find the rate of increase of the radius of the base, in cm/s, to
3 significant figures, when the radius of the cone is 4 cm.

24. The volume of a right circular cone is increasing at a constant rate of 12 cm3/s. The radius of the base of
the cone is always half the height of the cone. Find, in cm/s, the exact value of the rate of increase of the
height of the cone when the height is 4 cm.

25. An equilateral triangle has sides of length 𝑥 cm.

√3 2
(a) Show that the area of the triangle is 4
𝑥 cm2.

The length of each side of the equilateral triangle is increasing at a rate of 0.1 cm/s.

√3
(b) Find the length of each side of the triangle when the area of the triangle is increasing at a rate of 10 cm2/s

26. A conical container is fixed with its axis of symmetry vertical. Oil is dripping into the container at a

constant rate of 0.4 cm3/s. At time 𝑡 seconds after the oil starts to drip into the container, the depth of the

oil is ℎ cm. The vertical angle of the container is 60°, as shown in Figure.

18𝑡
(a) When 𝑡 = 0 the container is empty. Show that ℎ3 = ,
5𝜋

𝑑𝐴 4
(b) Given that the area of the top surface of the oil is A 𝑐𝑚2 . Show that 𝑑𝑡 = 5ℎ,

(c) Find, in 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 to 3 significant figures, the rate of change of the area of the top surface of the oil when

t = 10. [May16/P2/Q10]

FAISAL MIZAN 2
 Pure Mathematics

27. A conical container is fixed with its axis of symmetry vertical. Oil is dripping into the container at a

constant rate of 0.25 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠. The vertical angle of the container is 60°, as shown in figure. At time 𝑡 seconds

after the oil starts to drip, the depth of the oil is ℎ 𝑐𝑚.

9𝑡
(a) Show that ℎ3 = 4𝜋.

𝑑𝐴 1 60°
(b) Given that the area of the top surface of the oil is A 𝑐𝑚2 . Show that 𝑑𝑡 = 2ℎ

(c) Find in 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠 to 3 significant figures, the rate of change of the area of the top surface of the oil

after 20s. [May02/P2/Q7]

8 1 1 3
Answers: [1] 6𝜋 cm2/s, [2] 9𝜋 cm/s, [3] 0.12 cm/s, [4] 6𝜋 cm/s, [5] 72𝜋 cm3/s, [6] 9, [7] 4 cm2, [8] 0.94 cm/s,

1
[9] 1.5 cm2/s, [10] cm/s, [11] 0.032 cm/s, [12] 0.598 cm/s, [13] 0.0134 cm/s, [14] 1.81 m3/s, [15] 0.334 cm/s,
12

4
[16] 3 m2/s, [17] 6 cm3/s, [18] 6.21×10-3 cm3/s, [19] 5×10-4 m/s, [20] 0.8𝑝 cm2/s, [21] 1130 cm3/s,

3
[22] 0.24 m/s, [23] 0.298 cm/s, [24] 𝜋 cm/s, [25] (b) 𝑥 = 2. [26] (c) 0.355 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠. [27] (c) 0.206 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠.

Approximation
4
1. Given that 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 3 , find 𝛿𝑉 when 𝑟 increases from 3 cm to 3.03 cm.
3

2. Given that 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 , find 𝛿𝑟 when 𝐴 increases from 4𝜋 cm to 4.1𝜋 cm.

3. Find the approximate change in the area of a circle when the radius increases from 3 to 3.04 cm.

4. Find the approximate change in the volume of a sphere when radius decreases from 5 to 4.97 cm.

5. If 𝑦 = 4√𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 , find the approximate change in 𝑦 when 𝑥 changes from 9 cm to 8.98 cm.

6. If 𝑦 = 3√72 + 𝑥 2 , find the approximate change in 𝑦 when:

(a) 𝑥 increases from 3 to 3.01, (b) 𝑥 decreases from 3 to 2.98

7. Given that 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2, find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 1 to 1.05, stating
whether this is an increases or a decreases.

8. Given that 𝑦 = 8𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 , find the approximate change in 𝑦 as 𝑥 increases from 2 to 2.1, stating whether
this is an increase or a decrease.

9. Given that 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 , if 𝑟 changes from 3 to 3.1 cm. Find:

(i) the approximation change in 𝐴 (ii) the percentage change in 𝐴.

FAISAL MIZAN 3
 Pure Mathematics

4
10. Given that 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 , if 𝑟 changes from 5 to 5.2 cm.

(i) Find the approximation change in 𝑉 (ii) Find the percentage change in 𝑉.

11. Oil is dripping from a pipe onto horizontal ground, forming a circular pool. Find an estimate for the
percentage increase in the area of the pool when its radius increases by 1%.

4
12. The volume of a sphere is given by 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 and its area is given by 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 2 , where 𝑟 is the radius.
If there is a change of 1.5% in its radius, find the corresponding percentage change in:

(a) its area, (b) its volume.

13. Oil is dripping from a leaking pipe and forms a circular pool. Find an estimate of the percentage increase
in the radius of the pool when the area has increased by 𝑥%, where 𝑥 is small.

14. Sand is poured onto horizontal ground. The sand forms a right circular cone. The volume of the cone
increases in such a way that the height is always half the radius of the base. Find an estimate for the
percentage change in the volume of the cone when the radius increases by 1%.

15. A spherical balloon is being inflated. Find an estimate for the percentage increase in its radius when the
volume has increased by 𝑥%, where 𝑥 is small.

Answers: [1] 3.39 cm3, [2] 0.025 cm, [3] 0.754 cm2, [4] −9.42 cm3, [5] −1.09, [6] (a) 0.01, (b) −0.02,

2
[7] −0.1,decrease, [8] 2, increase, [9] (i) 1.88, (ii)6 3 %, [10] (i) 20𝜋, (ii) 12% [11] 2%, [12] (a) 3%, (b) 4.5%

𝑥 𝑥
[13] %, [14] 3%, [15] %,
2 3

FAISAL MIZAN 4