PARAMETERS, METHODS AND SOLUTION CHART
PARAMETER DEFINITION /
PRINCIPLE
Fatty Acid Determination of Fatty Acid
Composition (FAC) Methyl Ester (C6-C20) by
Normalized %
Triglyceride (TG) Separation of triglyceride
Content group, identification by
reference to a standard TG
solution, determination of
TG content by ratio of
individual peak area to total
peak area
Trans Unsaturated Determination of FAME
Fatty Acid Content with transconformation of
(C18:1, C18:2, C18:3)
relative to total FAC
Total Isolate Rapid (5 min) determination
(non-conjugated) of trans fat (trans
Trans-fat conjugated linoleic acid,
C18:2 isomer), absorption
bands near 990, 984 &
950cm-1
Antioxidant: PG, Extraction of antioxidant
THBP, TBHQ, followed by separation with
NDGA, BHA, gradient elution and
Ionox-100, BHT, determination with a
OG, DG calibrated standard.
DOBI (For CPO Ratio Abs 446nm: 269nm
Only) for 0.5-1% oil sample in
iso-octane or n-hexane
Carotene Content Absorbance at 446nm
calculated as beta carotene
(PPM)
Anisidine Value 100 times of optical density
at 350nm resulting from
the reaction of 1g of oil
with 100ml of solvent &
anisidine reagent. (to
ANALYTICAL TRADITIONAL RECOMMENDED ADVANTAGES
METHOD TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE
AOCS Ce 1e-91 GC Clarus GC-FID with Provides fatty acid
MPOB p3.5: 2004 liquid autosampler, profile, including
capillary injector or PSS normalized percentage of
injector and Elite-Wax individual FAME, of
capillary column different types edible oil
& fat products.
AOCS Ce 5-86 GC Clarus GC-FID with Provides detailed TG
liquid autosampler, profile of different types
capillary injector or PSS edible oil & fat products,
injector and RTX-65 HT by reporting the
capillary column TG Carbon Number in
the sample.
AOCS Ch 2a-94 GC Clarus GC-FID with Provides trans-fatty acid
liquid autosampler, profile of different types
capillary injector or PSS edible oil & fat products.
injector and Elite-Wax
capillary column
AOCS Cd 14e-09 GC Trans Fat FTIR Analyzer Rapid (<1min),
straightforward ( no
solvents and tedious
sample preparation), can
measure both liquid and
solid fats and cost saving
analytical technique
compare to GC.GC
provide adequate
sensitivity, but require a
time-consuming
transesterification step in
sample preparation to
produce FAMEs suitable
for analysis.
AOAC 983.15 HPLC Flexar HPLC Determination of
AOCS Ce 6-86 antioxidants present in
oil sample down to
10ppm level.
MPOB p2.9: 2004 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Lambda 25 UV-Vis Pre-programmed DOBI
Spectrophotometer method for easy
operation, simply click to
measure and display
DOBI values
MPOB p2.6: 2004 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Lambda 25 UV-Vis Pre-programmed
Spectrophotometer Carotene method for
easy operation, simply
click to measure and
display Carotene values
AOCS Cd 18-90 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Lambda 25 UV-Vis Pre-programmed
MPOB p2.4:2004 Spectrophotometer Anisidine method for
easy operation, simply
click to measure and
display Anisidine values
 PARAMETERS, METHODS AND SOLUTION CHART
PARAMETER DEFINITION /
PRINCIPLE
Phosphorous Ashing the oil sample
Content together with Mg) followed
by colorimetric as
Phospovanadomolybdic
complex (ppm)
Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd Ashing the oil sample
followed dissolvation with
diluted HCl and analysed by
direct aspiration,
determination with their
respective calibrated
standard solution.
Phosphorous Direct Oil Analysis with
Content simple dilution in GFAAS
(Zeeman Background
Correction)
Free Fatty Acid Number of milligrams of
Value sodium or potassium
hydroxide required to
neutralise the free acids
present in 1g of fat or oil.
Moisture & Volatile Loss in weight when heated
Matter to 103°C (at least 15 min)
Impurities Insoluble in n-hexane or
light petroleum
Peroxide Value (PV) A test portion is treated
with a solution of
potassium iodide, liberated
iodine is titrated with a
standard volumetric sodium
thiosulphate solution.
ANALYTICAL TRADITIONAL RECOMMENDED ADVANTAGES
METHOD TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE
AOCS Cd 12-55 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Lambda 25 UV-Vis Pre-programmed
MPOB p2.8 Part 1(a): 2004 Spectrophotometer Phosphorous method for
easy operation, simply
click to measure and
display Phosphorous
values
AOAC 999.11 Atomic Absorption Optima 8x00 Series Simultaneous
MPOB p2.10: 2004 Spectrophotometry ICP-MS multi-elements analysis
in single run. Eliminated
need of ashing for few
days which is time
consuming. 5 elements
completed within 2-3
min.
ISO 10540-2 Atomic Absorption PinAAcle 900z Graphite Fast and high
AOCS Ca 12b-92 Spectrophotometry AAS Spectrophotometer throughput, completed
MPOB p2.8 Part2: 2004 analysis within 3 min as
compare to traditional
method which needs few
days.
AOCS Cd 3d-63 Titration Palm Oil Analyzer Quick scanning technique
MPOB p2.5:2004 as compare to CAP-GC.
Palm Oil Analyzer come
with pre-calibrated FFA
method which do not
involve tedious sample
preparation and long
hour sample running
time. From sample to
result, this technique will
save at least 40-50 min
for one sample.
AOCS Ca 2c-25 Drying Oven Palm Oil Analyzer Pre-calibrated Moisture &
MPOB p2.1 Part 1:2004 Volatile matter method
using similar palm oil
samples for easy
operation, simply scan to
measure and display
values
AOCS Ca 3a-46 Drying Oven Palm Oil Analyzer Pre-calibrated Impurities
MPOB p2.2: 2004 method using similar
palm oil samples for easy
operation, simply scan to
measure and display
values
AOCS Cd 8-53 Iodometric Titration Palm Oil Analyzer Pre-calibrated Peroxide
MPOB p2.3:2004 Value method using
similar palm oil samples
for easy operation, simply
scan to measure and
display values
 PARAMETERS, METHODS AND SOLUTION CHART
PARAMETER DEFINITION /
PRINCIPLE
Iodine Value (IV) Degree of unsaturation
express in number of gram
I2 absorbed by 100g of fat
2-MCPD, 3-MCPD Indirect Determination of
Fatty Acid Ester and 2-MCPD, 3-MCPD Fatty
Glycidol Fatty Acid Acid Ester and Glycidol
Ester Fatty Acid Ester by Acid
Transesterification as PBA
derivative prior to GCMS
analysis
Benzo(a)pyrene Determination of BaP in
(BaP) crude & refined oils and fats
with no interference from
other PAH at a specific
excitation & emission
wavelengths with
fluorimetric detector
PAHs Determination of PAHs
(both light & heavy) in
edible oil online- DACC
column to retain PAHs with
π-π interaction and
separation of oil matrix.
After elution of oil, the
PAHs are transfer online to
a reverse phase analytical
column for separation of
individual PAH and detect
at different wavelength
with fluorimetric detector
and quantify by external
standard calibration.
ANALYTICAL TRADITIONAL RECOMMENDED ADVANTAGES
METHOD TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE
AOCS Cd 1e-01 Iodometric (back titration) Palm Oil Analyzer Pre-calibrated Iodine
MPOB p3.2: 2004 Wijs method value method using
similar palm oil samples
for easy operation, simply
scan to measure and
display values
AOCS Cd 29a-13 GCMS Clarus GCMS SQ8 (SIM Single preparation
AOCS Cd 29b-13 mode) with Autosampler, method to determine 3
AOCS Cd 29c-13 CAP injector or PSS parameter together with
injector and an Elite-5 GCMS analysis compare
MS (non-polar) capillary to direct determination
column by LCMS which is time
consuming
AOCS Cd 21-91 HPLC Flexar HPLC (R-Phase) Determination of BaP
with FL detector down to
0.1 ug/kg (ppb level)
even after sample
cleanup step by elution
with light petroleum on
an Alumina column.
ES_ISO_22959.2011 HPLC Online DACC couple with Online DACC to separate
HPLC with FL detector of PAHs from oil matrix and
various Excitation & further separate of
Emission wavelength different PAHs by
Analytical Column
(R-Phase HPLC). Save
analysis time compare to
a manual sample cleanup
step follow by HPLC
analysis.