Q.1 What is Flux Density?

Ans. The number of flux passing per unit area is called flux density.

0.2 Define Magnetomotive force

Ans. It is the force which drives the flux through the magnetic circuit. In case of electromagnet, it is
given by product of currentand number of turns in the coil.

Q.3 Define magnetic field intensity

Ans. It is defined as magnetomotive force per unit length of magnetic path.

Q. 4 Explain the term: Paramagnetic materials

Ans. The materials, which are not strongly attracted by the magnet, such as aluminium, tin,
platinum, magnesium, manganese etc. are known as paramagnetic materials. The relative
permeability is small but positive.

Q.5 Explain the term: Diamagnetic materials

Ans. The materials which are repelled by a magnet such as zinc, mercury,lead,sulphur, copper,silver
etc. are known as diamagnetic materials.

The permeability is slightly less than unity.

Q. 6 Explain the term: Ferromagnetic materials

Ans. The materials, which are strongly attracted by the magnet, such as iron, steel, nickel, cobalt etc.
are known as ferromagnetic materials. The permeability is very high.

Q.7 What is permeability?

Ans. The ability of material to conduct flux is known as permeability. More the permeability, more is
the flux and hence stronger is the magnet.

Q.8 Define Reluctance.

Ans. The opposition offered to the flow of flux by magnetic path is called reluctance.

Q.9 What is permeance?

Ans. The reciprocal of reluctance is known as permeance of magnetic circuit.

Q.10 What do you mean by leakage flux?

Ans. It is that flux which does not follow its intended or desired path in a magnetic circuit.

Q.11 What do you mean by residual flux?

Ans. It is the flux which remains in a sample of magnetic material after the

magnetising force reduced to zero.

Q.12 What is coercivity?

Ans. It is the amount of magnetising force required to reduce the retained magnetism to zero.

Q.13.What is bilateral network?

Ans. A circuit or network in which the magnitude of current remains constant when the polarity of
source is reversed is called bilateral network.

Q.14 What are Passive Elements?

Ans. A passive element is an electrical component that does not generate power. but instead
dissipates, stores, and/or releases it. Passive elements include resistances, capacitors, and coils (also
called inductors).

Q.15 What are Active Elements?

Ans. The active elements generate energy. Batteries, generators, operational amplifiers, etc are
active elements.

Q.16 State Superposition theorem

Ans. "In a linear and bilateral network containing two or more than two source of emf, the current
flowing through any branch is algebric sum of currents that would be produced due to each emf
while acting alone and other sources of emf are to be replaed by their internal resistances".

Q.17 Why voltage souce is short circuited in superposition theorem?

Ans. The internal resistance of ideal voltage source is zero. Hence while deactivating voltage source
in superposition theorem, it is short circuited indicating zero internal resistance.

Q.18 Why Current souce is open circuited in superposition theorem?

Ans. The intemal resistance of ideal current source is infinite. Hence while deactivating current
source in superposition theorem, it is open circuited indicating infinite internal resistance.

Q.19 What is electric current?

Ans. Flow of electrons is called electric current.

Q.20 Define Electric Potential?

Ans. The capacity of charged body to work is called electric potential.

Q.21 What is Resistance?

Ans. The property of material by virtue of which it opposes or resist the flow of current is known as
resistance.

Q.22 Define Electric Energy?

Ans. The total amount of work done in an electric circuit is known as electric

energy.

Q.23 What is Electric Power?

Ans. The rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is known as electric power.

Q.24 On what factors do the resistance offered by couductor depends on?

Ans. 1. It is directly proportional to its length.

2. It is inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of conductor.

3. Depends on temperature of the conductor.

4. Depends on nature of material of conductor.

Q.25 What is conductance?

Ans. The property of conductor due to which it allows the current to pass through it is known as
conductance.

Q. 26 State Ohm's Law

Ans. It states that "for any conductor potential difference (V) between two ends and current (1)
flowing between two ends of conductor are directly proportional to each other".

Q.27 State Kirchhoff's voltage Law.

Ans. "The algebric sum of product of current and corresponding resistance in closed circuit is equal
to the electromotive force in that circuit".

Q.28 State Kirchoff's current Law.

Ans. "The algebric sum of the currents meeting at a node of electrical circuit is zero or at any node
sum of incoming current is always equal to sum of outgoing currents".

Q. 29 Define Time Period

Ans. Time required to complete one cycle is called time period.

Q.30 Define Frequency

Ans. Number of cycles per second is called as frequency of alternating quantity.

Q. 31 Define root mean square (RMS) value.

Ans. It is the value od DC current which, when flowing through a given circuit for a given period of
time, produces the same heat as produced by alternating current when flowing through the same
time.

Q.32 Define average value.

Ans. The average value of an altemating current is that DC current which transfers across any circuit
the same charge as it is transferred by that alternating current during the same time.

Q.33 What is form factor?

Ans. The ratio of RMS value to Average value is the form factor.

Q.34 Define Crest Factor

Ans. It is the ratio of maximum value to RMS value.

Q.35 What is mean by inductive reactance?

Ans. Opposition to the flow of alterating current offered by inductance is known as inductive
reactance.

Q.36 What is mean by capacitive reactance?

Ans. Opposition to the flow of alternating current offered by capacitance is known as capacitive
reactance.

Q.37 Define impedance

Ans. A combination of resistance, inductive reactance and capacitive reactance in an AC circuit is

termed as impedance.

Q.38 Define Power Factor

Ans. Power factor is defined as the ratio of active power to apparent power.

Q. 39 What is Q-factor?

Ans. The efficiency of inductance and capacitance to store energy is measured in terms of a factor
called as Quality facor or Q-factor.

Q. 40 What do you mean by electromagnetic induction?

Ans. According to faradays's law, whenever the flux linked with the conductor of coil changes an emf
is induced in that coil and the amount of this induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of
change of flux linked with the coil.

Q.41 Explain the concept of ideal transformer

Ans. An ideal transformer is one which has no losses i.e it's windingg have no ohmic resistance, there
is no magnetic leakage and hence which has no heating and core lossses. In other words an ideal
transformer consists of two purely inductive coils wound on a loss free core.

Q.42 How many losses are there in transformer?

Ans. There are two types of losses i.e iron losses and copper losses.

Q.43 What is the main purpose of using core in transformer?

Ans. To decrease the reluctance of magnetic circuit

Q.44 Why transformer cores are laminated?

Ans. In order to reduce eddy current losses

Q.45 What is the purpose of isolation transformer?

Ans. It is used to isolate primary winding from secondary winding.

Q.46 Define Symmetrical or balanced supply system.

Ans. The three phase system in which three phase voltages are of identical magnitudes and
frequency and are displaced by 120 degree from each other is called as symmetrical system.

Q.47 Define Efficiency of transformer.

Ans. Efficiency is defined as ratio of output power to input power.

Q.48 What will happen if DC supply is given to transformer ?

Ans. The heating losses in case of DC supply is very large so that is will burn the primary winding
causing permanent damage to the transformer.

Q.49 Why transformer is rated in VA or KVA?

Ans. The copper losses in transformer are dependent on current and iron losses are dependent on
voltage. Hence total losses depends on volt ampere(VA) and not on the power factor. Therefore
rating of transformer is in VA or KVA and not in W or KW.

Q.50 Explain the concept of ideal transformer

Ans. An ideal transformer is one which has no losses l.e it's windingg have no ohmic resistance, there
is no magnetic leakage and hence which has no heating and core lossses. In other words an ideal
transformer consists of two purely inductive coils wound on a loss free core.