& Glossary and abbreviations ‘Annular pressure Fuld pressure n the annulus between tubing and casing or between two strings of casing ‘Annular velocity ‘The speed st wich driling fuid or cement moves in the annulus, Is important to ‘monitor annular veloc fo ensure thatthe hol i being propery cleaned of cuttings, {Bvings and other debris whe avoling erosion of the borehole wal ‘Azimuth ‘The compass direction of acrectional surveyor of te wellbore as planned or measured bya directional survey. The azmmuth is usualy speciied in degrees with respect tothe ‘geographic or magnetic nore pole Bottom Hole Assembly ‘The lower portion of the dilting, consisting of (from the bottom up ina vertical wel) the bit bit sub,» mud moto’ (in ertaln eases), stabilizers, dil collars, Neavy- weight ‘rlipize, jarring devices (jr) and crossovers, The bottomnole assembly must provide {oree for the hit ta heeak the ro and provide the dlc with directional coatea a the wel bit breaker ‘A specal tool used by the ip crem to prevent the dil it from turning whe the bit sub on top of fis tgntened or loosened. Bits have noneylingrcal shapes, so the conventional wrenches used bythe rg crew to tighten cylindrical shapes like pipes do net Mt the Bits Droperiy. In addtton, some bits, sueh as PDC bits, have a wide range of unusual and ‘symmetric snapes cr profies, The Bi breaker must match the bl roflle or te bit may be'runed before ever being ased. bit recor {A historical record of how a bit performed in particular wellbore. The bit record includes uch data asthe depth the Bt was pur nto the wel, te distance the bi lle, tne hours the bit was being used “on Bottom” or "rotating, the mud type and weight, the nozzle Slzes, the weight placed onthe bt, the rotating speed and hydrall ow Information. The Gata are usually updated daly. When the bit is pulled atthe end ofits use, the condition ‘ofthe bit and the reason It was Pulled out ofthe hole ae aio recorded. sit recoras are ‘often shared ameng operato's and bit companies and are one of many valuable sources of Sata from offset wells for wall design engineers. Bleed off ‘To equalize or rellave pressure from a vessel or system. At the conclusion of high- pressure tests or treatments, the pressure within the treatment lines and assoaated Systems must be bled off stely to enable subsequent phases of the operation to Break circulation ‘To estabilsh culation of delling ulds after a period of static conditions. Circulation may resume after a short break, Such as taking survey of mating a conection. The ‘Operation Is of more concern to dlls and wall planners with longer stati Intervals, Since immobile dling mod tends to become less fuid and more gelatinous or semisold with time. Break out To unscrew drlstring companents, including tool joints and other threaded connections ase an Ree es eta overtone Asano)? PETROMG Buoyancy ‘The Upwart force acting on an object placed ina fluid. The buoyancy force's equal to the weight of uid cisolaced by the object. Buoyancy can have significant effects in cases in lati the wallore and busing string contain guid ana 995, Any change in the relative, ‘Volumes oF fd Teves wil change the buoyancy forces. Caliper [representation ofthe measured diameter of @ borehole along its depth. Caliper logs are Usually measured mechanically, with only few using sole devices. The tools measure Siameter ata specie chord seross the well. Since welbores are usually Iregslar (ragoee) ie important to have > tool tat measures ameter at cavers aforent Tocations simuttaneousiy. Such tools are called multrarm callers, Casing shoe ‘The bottom ofthe casing sting, including the cement around it, oF the equipment run at the bottom ofthe casing tng Centralizer 'Atmechanical device to postion casing concentrically n the wellbore, A centralizes Usually used during cementing operations to provide a constant annular space around the ‘easing, rather than having the casing lying eccanticaly against the borehole wall Centrifuge [An tem of Solids removal equipment tht removes fine and ultrafine solids. It consists of 2 conical drum that rotates at 2000 fo 4000 rom. Dlg fluld I ed Inka one end ard the ‘Separated solids are moved up the bow by a rotating stroll to exit atthe other end, ‘choke tine {high-pressure pipe leading from an outlet on the BOP stack to the backoressure choke ‘and asseciated manifold. During welrcontrol operations the fid under pressure in the Wellore nows out of Ue well treugh the choke ine tothe choke, reducing the Mud pressure to ttmospherte pressure. Circulation toss “The loss of ding Nuid to formation, usually caused when the hydrostatic head pressure of the column ef dling fuid exceeds the formation pressure. close-in To cose a valve to stop of Isolate fu flow. The term Is most commonly applied to "Closing‘in the wel,” meaning isolation ofthe wellbore. cate Plate with C-shape that can be put around the pipe to support the casing string which sin the hole preventing t to fall down in the hole. A C-plate canbe used for backup incase of falure ofthe sips. Tt cannot be used for Mush pipe, Crossover (x-over) [Ashort subassembly used to enable two components with different thread types or sizes Cuttings Small peces of rock that break away due to the action afte bit teeth. Cuttings are ‘Screened out ofthe iqud mud system a the shale shakers and are monitored for ‘composition, sie, shape, calor, texture, hydrocarbon eantent ane otner properties By the ‘mud engineer the mud logger and ather on-site personnel. The mud logger usually ‘aptures samples of cuttings for subsequent analysis and archiving. tng ear Mena Yee Conon Reoues tan osm kann Veo 0t07 & RETROMA partculrty crooked place ina welibore where the trajectory of the wellbore in three- Gimensional Space changes rapidly. While 2 dogeg is sometimes crated intentonaly by ‘iretional driers, the term also refers to 9 section ofthe hole that changes direction faster than anticipated or desired, usually with harmful side effects. Higher doglegs may ‘create problems , such 3 key seating or damage tothe dilstring. [Sudcen inerease inthe rate of penetration during ding, Elevator ‘Xhinged mechanism that may be closed around dilipe or ether drleting components to faciitae lowering them into the wellbore or liting them out ofthe welbere Equivalent Circulating Density For circulating walbores, the BHP (Bottom hole pressure) increases by the amount of fluid friction In the annulus, “his pressure may be back-caculated as an aposrent mud density, called the Equivalent Cculating Density. The ECD should exceed the formation pressure Sradient to avoid an infix of formation iui into the wellbore. On the eter hand, if ECD IS too nigh, a weak formation may fracture and cause a less of wellbore lids. The oss of fluid to one formation may be followed by the lflux of fd from another formation, Fines ‘Very small particles, etter in @ mud or @ mud adative seme. Float collar [Ahere length of casing fitted with a check valve. This device may be a appervalve type, 2 spring-loaded ball valve or ante type. The float collar prevents tre cement ‘lure placed in the annulus to U-tube, or reverse flow back into the casng. The greater density of cement sluras than the displacement mud inside the casing sauses the U-tube otedt Fracture gradient ‘The preseure requir to Induce fractures In rock ata given depth ‘Gauge hole [A welbore that is essentially the same dlameter as the bit that was used to dri Hote cleaning ‘Synonyms Cuttings transpor, cuttings lifting. Good hole cleaning mears the cuttings are efficiently removes fram the wellbore by the cling fad dunk [Anything inthe wellbore that is not supposed tobe there. The term Is usualy reserved for small peces of steel such as hand tools, smal parts, bit nozzies,pleces of bits or other Gownhole tools, and remaants of miling operations. Sunk basket ‘tool run ito the wellbore to retrieve junk from the bottom of the hole ive Sc te muy tannin ennsonine! FP PETROMKelly ‘Along square or hexagonal ste! bar with a hole dled trough the mide fora uid path. The Kelly 1s used to transmit retary mation fom the retary table a Kelly bushing to the ditsring, while allowing the drisring tobe lowered or raised during rotation. The ely goes through the kelly bushing, which is driven by the rotary table. The kelly bushing hasan inside profile matching the Kellys outside profile (ether square of hexagonal), But wth sightly larger dimensions so thatthe Kelly can freely move Up and Sow inside. Kelly bushing ‘An adapter that serves to connect the rotary table tothe kelly. The Kelly bushing has an Inside diameter profile that matches that ofthe Kelly, usually square or hexagonal, Its connected tothe rotary table by four large steel pins tet ft nto mating holes inthe rotary table. Landing joint / Landing string Joint that used to pull or land the hanger. Lost Circulation Materia! Solid materia intentionally introduced into @ mud system to reduce and eventually prevent the flow of ering Mud inka 2 weak, fractured or vagulr formation Make up ‘Tighten threaded connections, Mud ‘Synonym for driting fa Neutral point ‘The pont oa string of tubulars at which there are nether tension nar compression forces present. Below the neutral point, there wil be compression forces that Ould toward the bottom of the wellbore, Above the neutral point, tense forces bulla to @ maximum ‘applied atthe hanger or as hook toad offset welt 'An existing wallore close toa proposed wel that provides information for planning the proposed wal Pack off To plug the wellbore around a distring. This ean happen for a variety of reasons, the rest common being that etther the drilng fd Is not property transperting cutngs and avings out ofthe annulus or portions ofthe wellbore wal collapse around the dlstrng ‘When the wall packe of, thera ea sudden reduction or loss ofthe abilty to rulate, and high pump pressures foliow Pick up weight Maximum weight when pulling the string upwards and the complete string isin mation Includes string weight and Fictional drag, Pa [Any relatively small quantity of 8 spec blend of dling ui to accomplish a speciic {ask thatthe regular dling Aud eanoat perform. Examples Include high-viscosty pls to help it cating out of» vertical wellbore, freshwater pie to disolve encroaching salt ermations,pipe-fesing pis to destroy Titer eake and relieve difeental sexing forces ‘nd Tos cirulation material pil to plug a tie zone ‘etna Sere Manat an Reon nant Gey Batis Venn 2090) AP PETROMPipe dope A Specialy formulated blend of lubricating grease and fine metalic particles that prevents thread galing (a parcular form of metal-to-metsl damage) and seals the roots of tiveads, The american Petroleum Institute (APD specifies properties of pipe dope, Including its coefcient of fiction. The rig crew apples coptous amounts of pipe dope to the dripipe tool joints everytime a connection i mace Reverse circulation ‘The intentional pumping of wellbore ude down the annulus and back up through the antippe, Rheolosy ‘The scence and study of the deformation and low of matter. The term Is also used to indicate the properties of a given fut, as im mud rheclogy: Rheclogy ts an extremely Immpertant propery of cling muds, ai-in lds, workover ane completion ues, ‘cements and specialty fulds and pil. Mud rheology ls measured on continual Beals ‘while ailing and adjusted with additives or lution to meet. the needs of the operation In water-base Mls, water quality plays an important role in ow adaltives perfor. ‘Temperoture afects behovior and interactions of the water, ay, polymers and sais in @ mud, Downnale pressure must be taken Into account in evaluating the Meology of oil mud. Round trip ‘The complet operation of removing the diltring from the wellbore and running it back Inthe hale Running toot ‘Rgenere name for a tool or device tat is used inthe placement or seting of downhole equipment such as permanent packers or plugs. The running too can be retrieved after the operation or setting process Saver sub ‘Xhor length of dil colar that has male threads on one end and female on the other. It 's screwed onto the bottom of the kelly or topdrive and onto the rest ofthe arising, Wien the hole mest be deepened, and pipe added tothe crilstring, the threads are Lnscrewed between the saver sub and tne rest ofthe drilstring, as opposed to between ‘the kelly or topcva and the saver sub. Tis means that the connection between the Kelly lor topdrive and the saver sub rarely is used, and suffers minimal wear and tear, whereas {the lower connection s used in almost al cases and suffers the most wear and tear. The saver sub Is exchangeable and does nt represent major investment lack off weight ‘The weight reading when the pipe Is moving downwards. Space out ‘Toassemble components to ensure that all eel length dimensions are met, as is ‘required to eneure that the production tubing ean be landed inthe wellnend ana Drodvtion packer with the desired weight detrbution, ‘Spud mud ‘Mud used to dil a wall frm surface to shallow depth, ‘Squeeze job ‘The careful application of pump pressure to force a treatment fluid oF slurry into a planned treatment zon. Sateen nmany tase enetion it? PETROMG Stab-in “To guide the end of & pipe ito ¢ coupling when making up a connection stand ‘Two or three single joins of drilppe or dil collars thet remain screwed together during tmpping operations. swab ‘Toreduce pressure in a wellbore by moving pipe, wireline tools or rubber-cupped seals up the wellbore Ifthe pressure ie reduced sumiently, reservoir fluids may fow into the wellbore anc towards the surface, Swebbing is generally considered harmful in eiing operations, because ican lead to Kicke and wellbore sablty problems, Tally [Alistthat records the total length of pipe, casing, or tubing that Isto be run ina wal el ta ‘Terminclogy used to describe a screen that, when packed off by gels, wil give a pressure rise atthe surface, thereby “teling® the tol operator tat the gel has reached a eerain toeaton ‘eip chart, Road m: Chart that shows the moments and durations of tipping. ‘rip out ‘Toremove the aristring fom the wellbore. Synonyms: POOM (Pull out of hoe) Twist-oft Parting oF breaking ofthe dnilstring downhole due to fatigue or excesive torque Underbatance ‘The amount of pressure (or force per unit area) exerted on a formation expossd in 2 welbere blow the internal ful pressure ofthat formation. If sucient porosity and Permeabity ext, formation Mus enter the wellbore See Reon teen Yesen aga zoi0? > PETROM.Abbreviations a ‘Along Hole ALARP AS Low AS Reasonably Possible aL ‘American Petroleum Institute BH? Bottom Hole Pressure BoP Bow Out Preventer BOSIET Basie Offshore Satey Induction and Emergency Training au Bottoms-Up cR ‘lesrance Ratio be Dei cals 05 Dirsctional Drier bor Daly Driling Report ous Dosleg Seventy oF Dr Pipe osv Drling Supervisor ec Equivalent ceulatng Density EowR Ene Of Well Report ERO Extended Reach Oniing fr Formation tntegrty Test He hyaro Carvons HR Hoh Cloting Ratio HWoP Heavy Weight Dril Pipe ave’ Intemational Assocation of Driling Contractors MU Make Up mw Mod weight uD Messure While Orting NRW None Return Vaive tem {bet chreulation Material tor esc Of Test ‘oD Outer Diameter on Open Hate Pc Poly Diamond Crystaline Pom Postive Displacement Motor (mud moter) POOH Pullout oF Hole RD Rig Down ite nin Hole Rie Rotary Kelly Bushing ROP Rate OF Progress BPH Rotations Per Minute RSS Rotary Steerable System RU Rig Up RH Rar ih Hole SF Safety Factor Spee Specteations SIMOPS —Shruitaneous Operations SPM ‘Strokes Per Mine D Total Depth Wo. ‘rus Vertical Depth UBHO Universal Bottom Hole Orientation wos Wabgnt on 8 woe. Wak On Cement WSO Wel Ste Dring Engineer x0. Cross Over rng Operon au PRESET ant nse 8 tn | in Ag