Chapter-6

Manufacturing Industries
Q11. Per capita consumption of steel in India is low’. Give three reasons for the
same.
1. India had produced 210 million tons of iron and 103 million tons of steel in
2017-18 but as India’s population is huge so per capita use of iron and steel
is only 49kg.
2. Lack of domestic market in India.
3. Poor infrastructure. Nearly ¾ of Indian population live in villages which
require very small quantities of steel.
4. To carry steel to these areas is difficult because of improper means of
transport.
Q12. State three measures taken by the government of India to boost the
production of jute goods.
1. In 2005 the Government of India formulated the National Jute Policy to
increase the productivity of jute.
2. Government also ensures that the quality of produced jute would be good.
3. Ensure the good price for the jute producers and enhancing the yield per
hectare.
Q13. Explain the social importance of industrialisation.
1. Setting up of industries give job to thousands of people.
2. The standard of living of the people becomes higher.
3. Housing societies are developed near the industries.
4. More and more urbanisation occurs.

Q14. Describe negative aspects of the strategies of India’s industrial development.

1. Power availability: Low power availability is a major drawback to
manufacturing in India. Power is not generally available 24 hours per day,
which can significantly decrease productivity and efficiency, and lower
output rates. Furthermore, the power that is available is expensive.
2. Cost and Fragmentation of Transportation: Transportation is expensive
and slow in India. It can take weeks to get products to the coasts from
some places in India. Unfortunately, Indian ports are not used to their
capacity. Roads and highways are not sufficient to transport goods from
one place to another.
 3. Labour Productivity: Labour productivity is lower in India than many
countries. Labour productivity is lower because of India’s lag in production
planning, lack of skilled workers.
4. Old and obsolete machineries - Machineries of maximum industries
have become old and obsolete. Maintenance is almost nil. So productivity
is very less.
5. More holidays- India is having too many festivals so more holidays for the
workers. Naturally productivity is less in every industry.
Q15. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of
manufacturing industries”. Support the statement with 5 arguments.
The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing
industries because
1. Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture which forms the
backbone of our economy.
2. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agriculture sector and
creates jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
3. It is necessary for the removal of unemployment and poverty.
4. It brings down regional disparities.
5. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and enhances
prosperity.

Q16. The textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.
Justify.
1. The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production.
i.e.14%.
2. 35 million persons are directly engaged in this industry. Thus, it is the
second largest industry after agriculture in employment generation.
3. It contributes 4% towards GDP.
4. It is the only industry in India which is self-reliant and complete in the value
chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.

17 Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National thermal Power

.. Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources.
Given in book.