BONDING { metal bonds }: particular bonds that
INTRAMOLECULAR BOND: the
interaction forces that are established
within the valence electrons of 2 atoms.
- They are the strongest bonds and the aim
is to reach the electronic configuration of
the noble gas that’s closest to them:
[ Hydrogen → He (2 e-) ]
[ All other elements: aim at the electronic
configuration of other noble gases (8 e-) ]
{ covalent bonds }:
- Non polar-Pure: the electronegativity
diff. b/w the atoms is <0.4
- Polar: the electronegativity diff. b/w the
atoms is >0.4 but <1.7-1.9
- Dative: one of the atoms has already
completed the octet and gives up an e- pair
to another atom
THEY CAN ALSO BE:
single, double, triple
(with progressive decrease in bond
distance and increase in bond energy)
{ ionic bonds }:
- These are bonds whose electronegativity
diff. exceeds 1.7-1.9!
→ This results in the subtraction of an e-
by the more electronegative atom, and the
formation of a hard crystal lattice
TYPICALLY OCCUR B/W:
- alkalines (group 1)
- halogens (group 7)
- alkaline earth metals (group 2)
- halogens (group 7)
! they do not occur b/w H and Halogens !
INTERMOLECULAR BOND: attractive
involve all the metal atoms sharing their forces between molecules
valence e-, which are then free to move : usually exist in covalent compounds
within the metal lattice
- malleable
- ductile
- shiny
- excellent conductor of electricity
- excellent conductor of heat
examples:
( table salt: IONIC bond)
- the smallest unit of an ionic
compound is formula unit;
ex: Na-CI
( Water: COVALENT bond)
- the smallest unit of covalent
compound is molecule
ex: 𝐻2𝑂
(Iron sheet: METALLIC bond)
- the smallest unit of a metallic
compound is an atom
ex: Fe-Fe
[ INTRAMOLECULAR BOND ]
- bonding forces
- exist within molecules
- determine chemical properties of a
compound
- IONIC, METALLIC, COVELENT
bond