GREEN ROAD TECHNOLOGY

Prepared By:
Sanjay Kumar Sarda
Reg.no.:20110162
Civil Department
Sikkim Manipal Instute of Technology
 What is Green Road?

• A Green Road is a roadway constructed as per a relatively new

concept for roadway design that integrates transportation
functionality and ecological sustainability.

• Green Road will benefit transportation, the ecosystem, urban

growth, public health and surrounding communities.

• Green Road helps us dramatically cut costs by delivering sustained

improvements in safety, fuel efficiency, and emissions reductions
across our vehicle fleet.
 Objective of the study

• The objective is to plan a road network that reduces pollution (i.e.

air, water and noise), congestion, increases free flow traffic,
minimise accident rate, diminish vibration caused due to contact
between vehicle tyres and road surfaces, reduces environmental
disaster and promote sustainable development.

• The focus is to explore technologies for the construction of future

road which is eco-friendly both qualitatively and quantitatively.
 GREEN ROAD TECHNOLOGY

• NOISE POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• WATER POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION.

• OTHER ALTERNATIVES.
 NOISE POLLUTION REDUCTION
• SOUND BARRIER.

• TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

• THIRD GENERATION SILENT ROAD SURFACINGS.

• SILENT CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS.

• ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE.

• GAS FLOW NOISE.

 SOUND BARRIER

Fig- Noise barrier (1.Reflective and 2.Absorptive surface)

THIRD GENERATION SILENT ROAD
SURFACINGS

Fig: Resonators on the bedding layer of a road

being covered with porous asphalt.
• Porous asphalts have void contents which makes the road surface
sound absorbing so that parts of the sound emitted by the tire-
road contact is killed out right there where it is produced.

• However, the absorbing characteristics of porous road surfaces

cannot be fitted very well to the sound of the tire-road contact.
Buried resonators can now be used as an additional absorber
being tuned to the frequency range.

• By combining porous asphalt layers with buried resonators we

can improve the noise reduction capability of a road by about 3
dB.

• The invisible character of the resonators means that there is no

extra space necessary for the installation.
 SILENT CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENTS

Fig: Photo of the noise reducing top

layer of a silent block pavement

• It consist of two layers. The bottom layer determines the

construction’s stiffness and durability. In this bottom layer 25% to
100% recycled granulate is used as a replacement of pebbles.

• The upper layer determines the acoustical behaviour and is about

10mm thick. This layer is made of colour resistive stone added by an
inorganical pigment.
 ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLE
• Benefits of battery operated electric motor vehicles is without the
internal combustion engine, electric cars have the potential to be
quieter and noise pollution is much less.

GAS FLOW NOISE

• A reduction of intake and exhaust noise can in general be achieved by
using silencers.
 WATER POLLUTION REDUCTION.

• BIORETENTION CELL.

• TREE BOX.

• PERMEABLE PAVEMENT.

• GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVES STORMWATER

MANAGEMENT AND REDUCES COST.
 BIORETENTION CELLS (RAIN GARDENS)

Fig:- Bioretention Cells

• Bioretention cells are shallow landscaped depressions that utilize

soil and both woody and herbaceous plants to remove pollutants and
infiltrate storm water runoff.
• Within 24 hours of a rain event, a properly designed bioretention cell
should be fully drained and no standing water should be seen.
• Bioretention cells can be used in road, parking lots and residential
areas where soils don’t adequately percolate.
 TREE BOXES (PLANTER)

Fig: Tree box in

Parking Lot Island.

• Similar to rain gardens, tree boxes utilize soil, gravel, and plants to
infiltrate and filter storm-water runoff from impervious surfaces.

• Planter boxes are typically smaller than rain gardens and are used in
sidewalks, roadways and within parking lots.
 PERMEABLE PAVEMENT

Fig-Permeable
Pavement System

• Pervious pavement allows water to infiltrate into layers of rock

placed below the pavement and then into surrounding soils.

• The movement of water through the rock and soil helps filter out
pollutants, maintain stable stream flows and can reduce flood
potential.

• Types of permeable pavement include pervious concrete, porous

asphalt, interlocking concrete pavers, etc.
 AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION

• ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES.

• ALTERNATIVE FUELS.

• CATALYTIC CONVERTER.

• HYBRID VEHICLE.

• ALGAE BOIDIESEL.

• HIGH OIL PRICE.

 ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES
• Electric vehicles run on electricity generated from batteries do not
emit air pollutants. Therefore, these vehicles are termed ‘zero
emission vehicles’.

• Within city, since most people drive vehicles less than 40 miles per
day, electric cars are certainly practical for moving within a city.

• Electric cars are more efficient than petrol driven vehicles in terms of
performance per unit amount of money and yield better air quality.

• Without the internal combustion engine, electric cars have the

potential to be quieter. So, noise pollution is much less.
 CATALYTIC CONVERTER (CAT)

Fig: Schematic of a
Catalytic Converter.

• The Cat is a device fitted in the exhaust system. It treats the

exhaust before it leaves the car and removes a lot of the pollution.
• The use of Cat leads to a dramatic reduction in the emissions of
CO, HC and NOx. The efficiency of a Cat can be as high as 90%.
• The Cat works by filtering the exhaust gases through an internal
honeycomb section known as a Monolith or a Catalyst.
 HYBRID VEHICLE

Fig: Hybrid vehicle

• A hybrid vehicle uses two distinct power sources to move the

vehicle, which combine an internal combustion engine and electric
motors.
• Noise emissions are greatly reduced, particularly at idling and low
operating speeds.
• Recapturing significant amounts of energy during braking that are
normally wasted as heat.
ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR ROAD
CONSTRUCTION

• SLAG CEMENT.

• FLY ASH.

• MECHANICAL CONCRETE.

• WASTES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION.

• ROADBOND.
 SLAG CEMENT
• Slag is a by-product of processing iron ore to iron in a blast furnace.
It reduces thermal stress in mass concrete by reducing the amount of
Portland cement. Increasing strength and durability.

Advantages:
• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eliminating approximately
one ton of carbon dioxide for each ton of Portland cement replaced.
• Reducing the amount of virgin material extracted to make concrete.
• Reducing permeability - when slag cement substituted in 25% to
65%, it plays a vital role in reducing permeability in concrete. Thus
corrosion resistance will increase.

Disadvantages:
• Strength gain is slow.
 FLY ASH
• Fly ash is the residue generated in combustion, and comprises the fine
particles that rise with the flue gases.

• In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but
pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades that it should
be captured prior to release.

Advantages:
• Saving of space for disposal.
• Saving of scare of natural resources.
• Partly replace cement, so reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
• Improved long term strength and durability performance.
• Workability is increased.
MECHANICAL CONCRETE

Fig: A Mechanical Concrete cell: a tire-derived

cylinder filled with aggregate.
• It is built with cylindrical tension bands created from used auto tires
from which both sidewalls have been removed. These tire-derived
cylinders are placed side-by-side on the ground covering the footprint
of a road’s foundation, and nailed together into a grid.

• When appropriately sized stone aggregate is poured into the cylinders,

the stones tightly lock together and behave as a solid, immovable
mass.

• Each year, the US generates about 300 million waste auto tires-
roughly one tire per person per year. Currently, about 89% of used
scrap tires are recycled in some form. Still, some 128 million waste
tires are stacked high in unhealthy and dangerous piles across the
nation.

• It is inert and poses no negative environmental threat. Reusing tires

delivers greater environmental benefit than recycling tires.
 WASTES USED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION
• The littered plastics get mixed with domestic waste and make the
disposal of municipal solid waste difficult. The municipal solid waste
is either incinerated or land filled. Both disposal methods are not the
best ways to dispose the waste and it causes both land and air
pollution.
• The innovative technique to use the waste plastics is by the
construction of asphalt pavement. This process is eco-friendly and can
promote value addition to the waste plastic.
• For a distance of 1 km single lane plastic bitumen road, a minimum of
1 ton of waste plastics is used. This accounts for a reduction of carbon
dioxide to a tune of 3 tons.
Advantages:
• Avoid the use of anti-stripping agents.
• Generate jobs for rag pickers.
 OTHER ALTERNATIVES

• WILDLIFE CROSSINGS.

• CAR SHARING.

• CAR CLUBS.

• AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM.

• ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

• RAMP METERING.
 WILDLIFE CROSSINGS

Fig. Wildlife
crossings.

• Wildlife crossings allows animals to safely cross human-made

barriers such as roads, are intended not only to reduce road-kill, but
ideally to provide connectivity of habitat areas. It includes: tunnels,
viaducts, and overpasses.

• Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing

connections or reconnections between habitats. They also assist in
avoiding collisions between vehicles and animals.
 CAR CLUBS
• Car clubs work by giving member’s access to a car on a short-term rental
basis, and charging by the hour or the day.
• Car clubs can provide a great alternative to car ownership as you get all the
convenience of a car without any of the hassle.
• No road tax or fuel to pay, or car servicing to worry about – all you pay for
is membership and car hire. You’ll be dramatically reducing your impact on
the environment.
• One car club car replaces over 20 private cars, helping to reduce traffic jams
and free up parking spaces.

CAR SHARING
• Car-sharing (also called lift-sharing, ride-sharing and car-pooling) is when
two or more people share a car and travel together.
• You can benefit from the convenience of the car, whilst reducing the costs
and the numbers of one-person cars on the road, which can help reduce
pollution and congestion.
 CONCLUSION
• One of the good way of constructing green road is it should be made
with three layers, the bottom layer should be made up of waste plastic
which we get from sewage treatment plant or from any other source
which is of no use, the middle layer should be made of resonators
which helps in absorbing sound and vibrations and the top layer may
be made up of slag cement, fly ash, porous asphalt, etc. The above
road construction method is applied for roads passing through
residential areas or inner cities.
• For out of city, road should made of mechanical concrete.
• If the road passes through forest area wildlife crossing must be
provided.
• For traffic flow control--ramp metering, active traffic management
and the car clubs method should be adopted.
• For stormwater runoff control bioretention cell should be provided in
median with under-drains and tree boxes can also be provided.
• If road is to be constructed in rainy areas, permeable pavements
should be used.
Thank you