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College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

GE SS 101 – Readings in Philippine History

1st Semester, A.Y. 2023 – 2024

Name: Carlin Miel L. Perioles

Course, Year & Sec: BSTM 1-A

Lesson 1 Activity
1. What is your stand about the site of the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines?
I firmly stand by preserving and celebrating the site of the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines.
Its historical significance cannot be understated, as it represents a pivotal moment in our nation's
history. By safeguarding this sacred ground, we honor our past while also providing educational
opportunities for future generations. As a Filipino, I firmly believe that this site should be preserved
and celebrated for its role in shaping our national identity.

2. How do the evidence presented in the text help you understand the controversy on the
First Catholic Mass in the Philippines?
It helped me to have a clear understanding about the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines. It
gave me a better grasp of the controversy about where did the first mass actually took place.

Lesson 2 Activity
A. Research on a particular current event or issue in the country that spans at least three
periods in Philippine history, tracing the roots of the issue and proposing solutions or
recommendation afterward.
Certainly, let's explore a current issue in the Philippines that has its roots spanning at least three
periods in Philippine history. One such issue is the problem of land reform and agricultural
development. This issue has deep historical roots and continues to be a significant concern in the
country.

Issue: Land Reform and Agricultural Development in the Philippines

Historical Background:
 Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898): During Spanish colonization, the Spanish Crown
controlled vast landholdings, and indigenous communities were often dispossessed of their
ancestral lands. The encomienda system and later the hacienda system concentrated land

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 MAIN CAMPUS
San Roque, Sogod, Southern Leyte
Email: president@southernleytestateu.edu.ph
Website: www.southernleytestateu.edu.ph

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ownership in the hands of a few Spanish elites. This pattern of land inequality persisted into
the American colonial period.
 American Colonial Period (1898-1946): The American colonial government continued the
concentration of land ownership, which favored large estates and agribusinesses. This
system excluded small farmers and indigenous communities from land ownership and
economic opportunities.
 Post-Independence Era (1946-Present): After gaining independence, the Philippines
continued to grapple with land reform issues. Attempts at comprehensive land reform, such
as the Hukbalahap Rebellion and the Hacienda Luisita controversy, highlighted the need for
redistributing land to address rural poverty and social inequality.

Current Situation:
Land reform and agricultural development in the Philippines remain contentious issues
today. Many landless farmers and indigenous communities continue to struggle for land rights,
while large landholdings persist. Agricultural productivity, infrastructure, and rural development
face challenges. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) and its extensions aimed to
address these issues but encountered implementation problems and loopholes.

Recommendations:
 Strengthen and Enforce Land Reform Legislation: Ensure that land reform laws, like the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER), are strictly
enforced and continually improved to close legal loopholes. Facilitate the distribution of land
to landless farmers and indigenous communities.
 Support Small-Scale Farmers: Provide support and resources to small-scale farmers,
including access to credit, training, and agricultural extension services. Promote sustainable
and diversified farming practices that increase productivity and reduce dependency on
monoculture crops.
 Infrastructure Development: Invest in rural infrastructure, including roads, irrigation, and
post-harvest facilities, to improve access to markets and increase the value of agricultural
products.
 Land Tenure Security: Strengthen land tenure security for small farmers and indigenous
communities through land titling and protection from land-grabbing.
 Community-Led Initiatives: Encourage community-based and cooperative models for
agricultural development, empowering local communities to manage and benefit from their
lands collectively.

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San Roque, Sogod, Southern Leyte
Email: president@southernleytestateu.edu.ph
Website: www.southernleytestateu.edu.ph

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 Social and Environmental Considerations: Promote sustainable and environmentally friendly

agricultural practices that consider the long-term impact on the land and ecosystems.
 Conflict Resolution: Establish effective mechanisms for resolving land-related conflicts and
disputes to ensure peace and social stability in rural areas.
 Transparency and Accountability: Implement transparent monitoring and reporting
mechanisms to track the progress of land reform initiatives and ensure that they benefit the
intended beneficiaries.

B. Among the three versions of Cavity Mutiny, which one is the most credible? Why?
Among the three versions of the Cavity Mutiny, it can be argued that Pardo de Tavera's account
is the most credible. Pardo de Tavera was a respected historian and scholar who had no direct
involvement in the events of the mutiny. His account is based on extensive research and interviews
with various witnesses. Unlike Montero, who was a participant in the mutiny and may have had
personal biases or motivations to distort the truth, Pardo de Tavera approached the topic
objectively.
Furthermore, Governor Izquierdo's official report may be biased as it represents the perspective
of those in power at that time. It is likely that he would have wanted to downplay any negative
aspects of his administration or any mistakes made during his tenure. Therefore, his report may not
provide an accurate representation of what actually occurred during the mutiny.
Plauchut's account is also questionable as he was a foreign journalist who may not have had a
deep understanding of Filipino culture and history. His observations could have been influenced by
his own preconceived notions or limited knowledge about the situation.
In short, Pardo de Tavera's account stands out as being the most credible due to its objective
approach and extensive research. It provides a well-rounded perspective on the Cavity Mutiny
without personal biases or political motivations.

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