LIMITS OF ACCURACY

UPPER LOWER BOUND Error_qAz 12 5

3 P1
marks
Distance of Lahore to Islamabad is to net io m

Time taken to travel is to

metalhead
Error o 5
M LOWER UPPER Error Accuracy
BOUND BOUND 2

upperbound Error
Distance 4
3 5 IIE lower bound
Orig
orig Error

Time 15.5 448.5

3.5 4.5

lil Find upper bound speed indirect

of
steps
Formers
of
4
55 D

iris Find lower bound speed

of
Ispeed
It 39
 Advanced INDIRECT
Sometimes question will ask bound
for upper
or lower bound
of an indirect value
whose original value or accuracy is
not given in question

STEP 1 writeformula for the

required quantity
STEP 2 Analyse the arrows on
the equation First arrow
is always given in
question

ADD SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE

ve term Same arrow Numerator Same arrow
ve term Opp arrow Denominator
opp arrow

TA TB CI TA TB x CT
IA IB CI LA IB X CI
TA TB CI A
BY
LA LB Cy
LA
Bet
 ong
O Mass
of a box is 0kg to
net 141J E I2
Mass of its packing is to nearest
Egg Egypt
lower upper
Bound Bound E 0 55
O E OTE
BOX 2 20 2
22

PACKING 2 0 05 2
I
0.05

ii Find the upper bound of total mass of

box and its packing
Indirect
4 total P Box 7Packaging
22 7 2 05
24 05
 Ten to 0.1 Tenth
Hundred 100 0.01 Hundredth
Thousand 1000 0.001 Thousandth
 gig AE ÉÉE
I 25
if
Indirect Formula
ITotal IDeskt 4Chairst
875 4165

65 75
875925

D O
AWE 50
III 5
4
4 157

1550 1650
5.5 6.5
 Leg
III s
IR 2142nd
w
e
2 65 213.5
13 7
20

5000
20

219755 2672.5
340

E
y A exw

1 9
4,1 335
 40.5

IP IL the
g g
40.5 40.5 40.5
y 121.5 mm

121T 12.15

A I E 0.5 A
A O I E o 05
C
53.4 0.05 53.35 B

MC 180 LA BI
180 61.5 53 35