Key elements of this design include the arched openings, the arcaded gallery, the portals, and the

engaged corner-like columns. It is equally important to note the use of decoration on the whole
building, excluding the dome (the use of decoration is very important in both tomb and monument
architecture).

Geometric patterns and arabesques are believed to represent that sense of infinity of God.
Geometric patterns are used in many Islamic arts, like architecture, carpet weaving, ceramics,
woodwork, and book covers for the Quran.

he four basic components of Islamic ornament are calligraphy, vegetal patterns, geometric
patterns, and figural representation.

1. Geometric Motifs

Simple forms of geometric patterns are combined or interlaced to form design. The symmetry
of these geometric designs offer the artist a lot of freedom, versatility and allow space for
other kinds of ornamentation. They often symbolise infinite growth. Basic shapes: circles,
interlaced circles, squares, and four sided polygons, and combinations form the ubiquitous
star pattern.

2. Vegetal Patterns.

These are patterns are representations of plants and hold no symbolic meaning. These are
often colourful and paired with other elements like calligraphy. Example: floral patterns in
arabesque designs.

3. Calligraphy

This is one of the most fundamental aspects and is also very popular. The verses of the
Qur’an are often written in this form to reinforce the message and to also be aesthetically
appealing. In principle, calligraphy is the means to transfer information/text even if it is not
readily understood by everyone. One word could be just the stroke of a brush, or a single
letter could be a decorative knot in calligraphy.

4. Minarets Or Towers

These are commonly found in the architecture of mosques, and is a fundamental feature of
Islamic architecture. It usually has a conical onion shaped crown.
5. Domes

It represents the hollow upper half of a sphere and it is one of the most common features,
especially in mosques.

6. Other Elements

Other common features are gardens, arches, columns and courtyards.