Trauma & Stressor-Related
Anxiety DIsorders OCD & Related Disorders
A diffuse, vague, very
unpleasant feeling of fear
and apprehension
Symptoms - Rapid heart
rate, shortness of breath,
diarrhoea, loss of appetitte,
fainting, dizziness, sweating,
sleeplessness, frequent
urination & tremors
1. Generalised Anxiety
Disorder
2. Panic Disorder
3. Phobias
a. Specific Phobias
b. Social Phobias
c. Agoraphobia
4. Seperation Anxiety
Disorder
Bipolar & Related Disorders
1. Bipolar I Disorder
Mania Depression
2. Bipolar II Disorder
Mania Depression
3. Cyclothymic Disorder
Mania Depression
Negative Symptoms
1. Poverty of speech (Alogia)
2. Blunted affect
3. Flat affect
4. Avolition
Somatic Symptom & Related
1. Obsessive Behaviour -
An inability to stop
thinking about a particular
idea or topic
2. Compulsive behaviour -
It is need to perform
certain behaviours over &
over again
1. Hoarding disorder
2. Trichotillomania
3. Excoriation
4 D's - Common Features
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunctional
Danger
Schizophrenia Spectrum &
other Psychotic Disorders
Positive Symptoms
1. Delusion
a. Delusions of
persecution
b. Delusions of reference
c. Delusions of grandeur
d. Delusions of control
2. Formal Thought Disorder
a. Loosening of
associations
b. Neologisms
c. Perseveration
3. Hallucinations
a. Auditory (Hear)
b. Tactile (Touch)
c. Somatic (body related)
d. Visual (seeing)
e. Gustatory (taste)
f. Olfactory (smell)
Disorders
PTSD - Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder
Symptoms - recurrent
dreams, flashbacks,
impaired concentration &
emotional numbing.
1. Adjustment Disorders
2. Acute Stress Disorders
Historical Background
1. Supernatural
2. Biological or Organic
approach
3. Psychological approach
4. Organismic approach
5. Middle Ages
6. Renaissance period
7. Age of Reason & Enlightment
8. Bio-Psycho-Social Approach
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
1.Attention-Deficit /
Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)
2.Autism Spectrum Disorder -
Impairments in social
interaction & communication
skills
3.Intellectual Disability (IQ 70
or below & deficit in adaptive
behaviour)
4.Specific Learning Disability -
difficulty in perceiving or
processing information
effectively & accurately
Psychomotor Symptoms
1. Catatonia
a. Catatonic stupor
b. Catatonic rigidity
c. Catatonic posturing
Dissociative Disorders
Disorders
These are conditions in
which there are physical
symptoms in the absence of
a physical disease.
1. Somatic Symptom
Disorder - Persistent
body-related symptoms
in absence of any medical
condition.
2. Illness anxiety Disorder -
constantly worrying about
developing a serious
illness
3. Conversion Disorders -
reported loss of part or all
of some basic body
functions.
Factors underlying Abnormal
Behaviour
Psychological
Disorders
Disruptive, Impulse-Control &
Conduct Disorders
1. Oppositional Defiant
Disorder (ODD) -
Age-inappropriate
amounts of stubbornness,
are irritable, defiant,
disobedient and behave in
hostile manner.
2. Conduct Disorder - Age-
inappropriate actions &
attitudes that violate
family expectations,
societal norms, and the
personal or property
rights of others
a. Verbal Aggression
b. Physical Aggression
c. Hostile Aggression
d. Proactive Aggression
Depressive Disorders
1. Dissociative Amnesia -
Extensive but selective
memory loss with no
organic cause.
2. Dissociative Identity
Disorder (Multiple
personality disorder) -
often associated with
traumatic experiences in
childhood
3. Depersonalisation /
Derealisation Disorder -
The person experiences a
change in his/her sense of
reality & perception of
self.
1. Biological factors
2. Genetic factors
3. Psychological factors
a. Psychodynamic model
(Sigmund Freud)
i. Id
ii. Ego
iii. Super Ego
b. Behavioural model
c. Cognitive Model
d. Humanistic-existential
model
4. Socio-cultural Model
5. Diathesis-stress Model
Feeding & Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia nervosa -
refusing to eat, exercising
compulsively &
developing unusual habits
for not eating.
2. Bulimia nervosa - Over
eating
3. Binge eating - frequent
episodes of out-of-
control eating.
Major Depressive Disorder -
A period of depressed mood
and / or loss of interest or
pleasure in most activities.
Symptoms - Change in body
weight, constant sleep
problems, tiredness, inability
to think clearly, agitation,
greatly slowed behaviour,
and thoughts of death &
suicide, excessive guilt or
feelings of worthlessness.
Factors towards Depression
1. Genetic make-up
2. Age
3. Gender
4. Negative Life Events
Approaches of Abnormal
Behaviour
Deviation from Social Norms
Maladaptive
Substance Related & Addictive
Disorders
1. Alcohol - Drinking
interferes with their social
behaviour and ability to
think & work
2. Heroin - Dependence,
withdrawal reaction,
paralysed breathing, death
3. Cocaine - Increasing
resistance, withdrawal
symptoms - depression,
fatigue, sleep problems,
irritability & anxiety