Contents

Acknowledgments vi
Authors vii

Part 1. Economics 1
1. The Economic Outlook for California Pistachios 3
Steven C. Blank
2. Production Costs 11
Karen M. Klonsky, Richard L. DeMoura, Robert H. Beede, Brent A. Holtz, and Louise Ferguson

Part 2. The Tree 17

3. The Pistachio Tree: Physiology and Botany 19
Louise Ferguson and Craig E. Kallsen

Part 3. Establishing the Orchard 27

4. Site Evaluation and Soil Physical Modification 29
Blake L. Sanden, Allan E. Fulton, and John P. Edstrom
5. Planning and Designing the Orchard 39
Craig E. Kallsen, G. Steven Sibbett, and Carl Fanucchi
6. Microirrigation Systems and Fertigation 47
Lawrence J. Schwankl
7. Pistachio Cultivars 59
Dan E. Parfitt, Craig E. Kallsen, and Joseph Maranto
8. Pistachio Rootstocks 65
Louise Ferguson, Robert H. Beede, Heraclio Reyes, Blake L. Sanden, Stephen R. Grattan,
and Lynn Epstein
9. Rootstock Production and Propagation 75
Brent A. Holtz, Dan E. Parfitt, and Louise Ferguson
10. Planting and Training Young Trees 83
Robert H. Beede, Louise Ferguson, Chris Wylie, and Carl Fanucchi

Part 4. Production 91
11. Weed Management 93
Kurt J. Hembree
12. Pruning Mature, Bearing Trees 115
Robert H. Beede and Louise Ferguson
13. Irrigation Management 127
David A. Goldhamer and Robert H. Beede
14. Assessing and Improving Water Penetration 141
Blake L. Sanden, Terry L. Prichard, and Allan E. Fulton
15. Salinity Management in Soil and Water 153
Blake L. Sanden, Allan E. Fulton, and Louise Ferguson

iv Contents
Elements sous droits d'auteur
16. Diagnosing and Correcting Nutrient Deficiencies 173
Robert H. Beede, Patrick H. Brown, Craig E. Kallsen, and Steven A. Weinbaum
17. Harvesting, Transporting, Processing, and Grading 189
James F. Thompson and Adel A. Kader

Part 5. Insect and Mite Pest Management 195

18. Navel Orangeworm and Obliquebanded Leafroller 197
David R. Haviland, Walter J. Bentley, Joel P. Siegel, Brent A. Holtz, Kent M. Daane,
and Bradley S. Higbee
19. Soft Scales 211
Robert H. Beede and Kent M. Daane
20. Small Bugs: Neurocolpus, Phytocoris, Calocoris, and Lygus 215
Walter J. Bentley, Peter B. Goodell, and Robert H. Beede
21. Stink Bugs and Leaffooted Bugs 225
Kent M. Daane, Glen Y. Yokota, Walter J. Bentley, Gary Weinberger, Jocelyn G. Millar,
and Robert H. Beede
22. Mealybugs 239
David R. Haviland, Robert H. Beede, and Kent M. Daane
23. Mites 243
Robert H. Beede and David R. Haviland
24. Minor Pests 247
Robert H. Beede and David R. Haviland

Part 6. Disease Management 255

25. Soilborne Diseases 257
Brent A. Holtz and Beth L. Teviotdale
26. Foliar, Fruit, and Branch Diseases 265
Themis J. Michailides, David P. Morgan, and Mark A. Doster

Part 7. Vertebrate Pest Management 293

27. Vertebrate Pest Management 295
Roger A. Baldwin and Terrell P. Salmon

Part 8. Physiological Disorders 311

28. Alternate Bearing, Nut Blanking, and Shell Splitting 313
Louise Ferguson and Vito S. Polito

Measurement Conversion Table 322

Index 323

Contents v
Elements sous droits d'auteur