Respiratory System
 Delivers oxygen to the circulatory
system for transport to all body cells.
 Aids in removing carbon dioxide,
preventing the lethal build up of this
waste product in body tissues.
 An interruption for more than a few
minutes, serious, irreversible damage to
tissues occurs, followed by the failure of
all body systems, and ultimately death.
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS:
 Intake of oxygen and removal of carbon
dioxide
 Helps regulate the balance of acid and
base in tissues, a process crucial for the
normal functioning of cells
 Protects the body against disease-
causing organisms and toxic substances
inhaled with air
 Houses the cells that detect smell
RESPIRATORY APPARATUS
1. Nasal Cavity
 Passage of air
 Line with epithelial cells with
microscopic cilia
 Between epithelial cells are goblets that
produce mucus
 Filter the air to remove potentially
disease causing organism
 the nasal cavity has two nasal tubes
(some a third
tube, the mouth, is also used), and then
role of this center is revealed when
both the pneumotaxic center and the
vagi are inactivated; prolonged
apneusis then results. (Apneusis is the
cessation of respiration in the
inspiratory position).Pharynx
 A short funnel-shaped tube about 13
cm (5 in) long that transport air to the
larynx
 Is lined with a protective mucous
membrane and ciliated cells that
remove impurities from the air
2. Larynx
 A structure about 5 cm (2 in)
long located approximately in
the middle of the neck
 Role of the larynx is to transport
air to the trachea
 Its mucous membranes and
cilia-bearing cells help to filter
air
3. Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles
 Trachea is a tube about 12 to
15 cm ( about 5 to 6 in) long
located just below the larynx
 Trachea is composed of 15 to
20 C-shaped rings of cartilage
that keeps it open. It branches
into two tubes, the left and the
right bronchia that allows the
passage of air to the lungs
 Within the lungs, the bronchi
branches into smaller tubes
called bronchioles
4. Alveoli
Each bronchioles branches into several
subdivision producing about million
tubes, at the end are the alveoli or
alveoli sacs
Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli
Respiratory Centers
The flow of air in and out of the lungs is
controlled by the nervous systems
The brain respiratory centers include :
1. Medullary center
 capable of initiating and
maintaining sequences of
the respiratory cycle
2. Pneumotaxic center
 Stimulation of this center
accelerate respiration,
especially expiration.
3. Apnesutic center
 located in the lower pons,
between the pneumotaxic
 center and the medullary
center
 role of this center is
revealed when
 both the pneumotaxic
center and the vagi are
inactivated; prolonged
 apneusis then results.
(Apneusis is the cessation of
respiration in the
 inspiratory position).
When CO2 is becoming high, it reaches
the maximum limit in the blood, the
respiratory centers of the brain triggers
the release of the carbon dioxide by
exhalation and inhalation by release of
oxygen.
Mechanisms of inspiration and
expiration
 active process (inspiration)
 Contraction of the diaphragm
increases the longitudinal
diameter of the chest
During the process of inspiration, the
pectorallis muscles and diaphragm
contract, and when we exhaled both
released.
Regulation of Respiration
Controlled by respiratory center
particularly the medulla oblongate
When we are asleep, only the tidal
volume is occupied in the lungs.
When we are having an active exercise,
the inspiratory reserve volume inside
the lungs is occupied.
When we expire, the expiratory
reserve volume is occupied in the lungs.
DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
1. Asthma- a very common chronic
disease involving the respiratory
system in which the airways
ocasssionally constrict became
inflamed, and are lined with
excessive amounts of mucus, often
in response to one more trigger.
2. Emphysema
The elastin in the walls of the
alveoli is broken down by an
imbalance between the production
of neutrophil elastase
Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome
Virus (PRRS)
Blue ear pig disease
Clinical Signs:
A. Reproductive= Fever, Anorexia,
Reduced Conception and Farrowing
Rates, Agalactia, Abortion (50%), High
Mummified Fetus and Still Births and or
weak piglets
B. Respiratory (Young)- Sneezing, Inc,
Resp. Rate, Dyspnea, Anorexia,
Starvation, Watery Diarrhea