Index:

1. Wordlist B2 I C1
2. Pocketbook B2 I C1
3. Vocabulary BANK B2 I C1
4. Advanced English teacher C1
5. English Phrasal Vebs in Use
6. Complete English Grammar Rules
7. NTC’s Dictionary of Easily Confused Words

WORDLIST C1.1

File 1 Personality
A cold fish, a heart of gold, a quick temper, a real pain in the neck, a soft touch, affectionate, ambitious, assertive, attention to detail, bossy, bright, come across,
conscientious, deep down, determined, down to earth, full of oneself, gentle, honest, insecure, lift a finger, loyal, mature, moody, on the surface, open-minded,
outgoing, patient, refuse to compromise, reliable, resourceful, sarcastic, seem self-confident, self-sufficient, sensitive, spontaneous, steady, straight forward,
stubborn, sympathetic, take advantage of, tend to avoid, the life and soul of the party, thorough, wouldn’t hurt a fly.

1. A cold fish [una persona fría]. My boss is a bit a cold fish. He’s unfriendly and unemotional.
2. A heart of gold [un corazón de oro]. She’s so kind and generous. She’s got a heart of gold.
3. A quick temper [mal carácter]. My sister has a quick temper. She gets angry so easily.
4. A real pain in the neck [muy pesado]. My brother’s a real pain in the neck. He’s so annoying.
5. A soft touch [muy blanda]. My dad is a soft touch. I can always persuade him to give me extra pocket money.
6. Affectionate [cariñoso]. He’s an affectionate and loving child.
7. Ambitious [ambicioso]. As soon as he joined, the company he was looking for a promotion. He’s so ambitious.
8. Assertive [asertivo]. You should be more assertive, otherwise, people just won’t listen to your ideas.
9. Attention to detail [prestar atención al detalle]. I’m sure your work will be perfect. You’ve got great attention to detail.
10. Bossy [mandón]. My older sister is a bit bossy and always tells me what to do.
11. Bright [brillante]. My daughter is a bright student and gets very good marks.
12. Come across [dar la impresión de]. He comes across as serious, but he actually has a great sense of humour.
13. Conscientious [concienzudo]. You have to be conscientious and do things carefully and correctly.
14. Deep down [en el fondo]. Deep down, he’s quite insecure.
15. Determined [decidido]. She’s a determined girl. Once she’s decided to do something, nothing will stop her.
16. Down to earth [con los pies en la tierra]. My mum is very practical and down-to-earth.
17. Full of oneself [engreido]. My brother thinks he’s the most important person in the family. He’s so full of himself.
18. Gentle [amable]. He is a calm and gentle boy.
19. Honest [honesto]. My parents are honest people and they would never take advantage of anyone.
20. Insecure [inseguro]. She felt nervous and insecure.
21. Lift a finger [levantar un dedo]. He never lifts a finger around the house and expects the rest of us to do everything.
22. Loyal [leal]. She has always been a loyal and faithful friend.
23. Mature [madura]. My little sister is mature for her age and behaves very responsibly.
24. Moody [de humor cambiante]. He’s so moody. I never know how he’s going to react to things.
25. On the Surface [aparentemente]. On the surface, he seems quite nice.
26. Open-minded [abierto de mente]. It’s important to be open-minded when you do research.
27. Outgoing [extrovertido]. She’s so outgoing. She can walk into a room of strangers and immediately start a conversation.
28. Patient [paciente]. He’s a patient teacher and doesn’t mind explaining things again.
29. Refused to compromise [rechazó comprometerse]. I tried to reach an agreement, but he refused to compromise.
30. Reliable [leal]. She’s a very reliable friend. You can always count on her.
31. Resourceful [resolutivo]. Louise is quite resourceful. She’s good at solving problems.
32. Sarcastic. Don’t be so sarcastic! That comment was very cruel.
33. Seem self-confident [parece seguro de sí mismo]. He may seem self-confident, but he’s actually quite insecure.
34. Sensitive [sensible]. He’s very sensitive to other people’s feelings.
35. Spontaneous [espontáneo]. I’d love to be more spontaneous and not plan things in advance.
36. Straightforward. [franco]. She’s honest and straightforward and says just what she thinks.
37. Steady [formal]. He’s a reliable and steady guy.
38. Stubborn [tozudo]. It’s almost impossible to change my dad’s mind. He’s incredibly stubborn.
39. Sympathetic [comprensivo]. Our manager is not very sympathetic. He never tries to understand our problems.
40. Take advantage of [se aprovecha]. She’s very generous and trusting, so some people take advantage of her.
41. Tend to avoid [tratar de evitar]. I don’t like arguing with people, so I tend to avoid conflict.
42. The life and soul of the party [la vida y el alma de la fiesta]. My best friend is the life and soul of the party. She’s always making everybody laugh.
43. Thorough [riguroso]. You have to be very thorough if you want to be a researcher.
44. Wouldn’t hurt a fly [mataría una mosca]. He seems aggressive sometimes, but in fact, he wouldn’t hurt a fly.

File 1: Work
Academic qualifications, apply for, be fired, be laid off, be made redundant, benefits, be off work, be out of work, be sacked, career ladder, challenging, colleague,
compassionate leave, co-worker, dead-end, demanding, employ, events manager, fast track, fixed-term contract, fixed-term contract, freelance contract, full-time
contract, get a pay rise, get promoted, high-powered, high-powered, hire, job-hunting, maternity leave, monotonous, motivating, part-time contract, paternity
leave, perk, permanent contract, quit, repetitive, resign, rewarding, sick leave, skills, staff, tedious, temporary contract, unpaid leave, work experience, workforce,
work overtime, zero-hours contract.

1. Academic qualifications [titulación académica]. She left school at 14 without any academic qualifications.
2. Apply for [solicitar]. I’m going to apply for a job this summer.
3. Be fired [ser despedido]. If you keep on being late for work, you are going to be fired.
4. Be laid off [ser despedido]. Many colleagues were laid off when the company was restructured.
5. Be made redundant [ser despedido]. There has been a decrease in sales and some employees may be made redundant.
6. Benefits [incentivos]. The salary is not great, but the company offers generous benefits.
7. Be off work [estar fuera del trabajo]. I’m off work this week and we’re going away on holiday.
8. Be out of work [estar sin trabajo]. I’ve been out of work for two months now.
9. Be sacked [ser despedido]. If you don’t start working harder, you’ll be sacked soon.
10. Career ladder [escalafón profesional]. You need to work hard if you want to move up the career ladder.
11. Challenging [exigente]. Teaching can be a very challenging profession.
12. Colleague [compañero]. I’m helping out a new colleague at work.
13. Compassionate leave [permiso por motivos familiares]. My dad is seriously ill, so I’m on compassionate leave.
14. Co-worker [compañero de trabajo]. My co-worker has been laid off.
15. Dead-end [sin porvenir]. She got a dead-end job at the local factory.
16. Demanding [exigente]. Being a surgeon is very demanding because of the high pressure.
17. Employ [dar empleo]. The new factory will employ 200 people.
18. Events manager [organizador de eventos]. I work as an events manager, organizing conferences for companies.
19. Fast track [vía rápida]. People with Good qualifications are sometimes put on a fast track and promoted more quickly.
20. Fixed-term contract [contrato de duración determinada]. I’ve been offered a fixed-term contract to cover maternity leave.
21. Freelance contract [contrato como autónomo]. The company offered me a freelance contract, so I work for myself.
22. Full-time contract [contrato a jornada completa]. I’ve got a full-time contract. I work from nine to five, five days a week.
23. Get a pay rise [aumento salarial]. If you want to get a pay rise, you have to ask for one.
24. Get promoted [obtener un ascenso]. If you want to get promoted, you have to work hard.
25. High-powered [importante]. My brother has a high-powered job in finance.
26. Hire [contratar]. They’re looking to hire a new manager.
27. Job-hunting [búsqueda de empleo]. Job-hunting can be very time-consuming.
28. Maternity leave [baja por maternidad]. She had a baby last week and she’s now on maternity leave.
29. Monotonous [monótono]. My job as a checkout assistant can be monotonous sometimes.
30. Motivating [motivador]. His talks are very motivating. You always feel you can do anything after listening to him.
45. Part-time contract [contrato a media jornada]. The firm has offered me a part-time contract, but I’d like to work full time.
46. Paternity leave [permiso de paternidad]. My manager went on paternity leave to take care of his newborn baby.
47. Perk [incentive]. The company offered free health insurance as a perk.
48. Permanent contract [contrato indefinido]. I’ve got a permanent contract, so my job is pretty stable.
49. Quit [dejar el trabajo]. I didn’t agree with the new company policy so I decided to quit.
50. Repetitive [repetitive]. I couldn’t work on a factory production line. It’s such a repetitive job.
51. Resign [dimitir]. If they don’t give me a promotion soon, I’ll resign.
52. Rewarding [gratificante]. I think being a nurse is a very rewarding job, as it makes you feel useful.
53. Sick leave [baja por enfermedad]. Meryl isn’t in the office this week. She’s on sick leave.
54. Skills [habilidades]. The salary will be dependent on the skills of the candidates.
55. Staff [personal]. We have 20 full-time members of staff in our department.
56. Tedious [tedioso]. My job is not very interesting. Actually, it’s quite tedious.
57. Temporary contract [contrato temporal]. My first contract was a temporary contract. It didn’t last too long.
58. Unpaid leave [permiso sin sueldo]. I need a couple of months off, so I may go on unpaid leave.
59. Work experience [experiencia laboral]. Have you got any relevant work experience?
60. Workforce [plantilla]. Two-thirds of the workforce is female.
61. Work overtime [hacer horas extras]. At busy times in the office, the staff is expected to work overtime.
62. Zero-hours contract [contrato de cero horas]. My job at the market isn’t very stable. I have a zero-hours contract.

File 2: Word building abstract nouns

Achievement, adulthood, anger, belief, boredom, celebration, curiosity, danger, death, excitement, freedom, friendship, frustration, generosity, happiness, hatred,
illness, imagination, improvement, kindness, loss, membership, memory, neighbourhood, partnership, possibility, relationship, sadness, shame, temptation,
wisdom.

1. Achievement [logro]. Winning the championship was such on achievement for our team.
2. Adulthood [edad adulta]. Adulthood comes with many responsibilities and obligations.
3. Anger [ira]. Some people find it hard to express their anger.
4. Belief [creencia]. My belief in democracy made me become a politician.
5. Boredom [aburrimiento]. Please stop reading that long document. I’m going to die of boredom.
6. Celebration [celebración]. They organized a big celebration when they finished the project.
7. Curiosity [curiosidad]. Children show curiosity about everything.
8. Danger [riesgo]. She is now out of danger and safely on her way home.
9. Death [fallecimiento]. Tomorrow is the anniversary of my dad’s death.
10. Excitement [emoción]. I felt such excitement when they told me you were coming.
11. Freedom [Libertad]. She really enjoys the freedom of living alone.
12. Friendship [Amistad]. Their friendship began at primary school.
13. Frustration [frustración]. I can’t stand the frustration of not being able to help.
14. Generosity [generosidad]. Giving the homeless man £5 was a real act of generosity.
15. Happiness [Felicidad]. His daughter is a constant source of happiness for him.
16. Hatred [odio]. He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.
17. Illness [enfermedad]. After a long period of illness, my aunt is, thankfully, getting better.
18. Imagination [imaginación]. My eldest daughter has a very vivid imagination.
19. Improvement [mejora]. The economy is showing signs of improvement.
20. Kindness [amabilidad]. I don’t know why people dislike her. She’s always treated me with kindness.
21. Loss [pérdida]. I reported the loss of my suitcase at the airport help desk.
22. Membership [afiliación]. I need to renew my gym membership annually.
23. Memory [memoria]. People say that elephants have a good memory.
24. Neighbourhood [barrio]. We grew up together in the same neighbourhood.
25. Partnership [asociación]. I set up a new business in partnership with my mum.
26. Possibility [posibilidad]. There’s a possibility of rain, so take an umbrella.
27. Relationship [relación]. She has a very close relationship with her sister.
28. Sadness [tristeza]. She felt a deep sadness when her cat died.
29. Shame [lástima]. What a shame, we got second place. We came so close to winning the cup.
30. Temptation [tentación]. I couldn’t resist the temptation to eat the chocolate cake.
31. Wisdom [sabiduría]. He spoke words of wisdom after a lifetime in the industry.

File 2: Lexical areas

Bigger picture, career move, carry on, carry out, catch (someone’s) eye, come up with, distant relatives, dress up, follow (something) to the letter, go round, gut
feeling, guy, have (one’s) nose to the grindstone, how on earth, hurt (someone’s) feelings, ill-fated, in the dead of night, lay off, makeup, on the tip of (one’s)
tongue, pain in the neck, pick up, put off, quick temper, require, resemble, rough itinerary, seek refuge, sibling, strongly opposed, turn out, under pressure.

1. Bigger picture [perspectiva general]. We need to see the bigger picture and not focus on the details.
2. Career move [cambio professional]. I don’t think going freelance is a very good career move.
3. Carry on [seguir con]. Don’t stop – carry on with what you’re doing.
4. Carry out [seguir con]. He’s useless. He can’t even carry out simple instructions.
5. Catch (someone’s) eye [llamar la atención (de alguien). We tried to catch the waiter’s eye, but he ignored us.
6. Come up with [proponer]. She came up with a brilliant solution to the problem.
7. Distant relatives [parientes lejanos]. We’ve got distant relatives in Australia.
8. Dress-up [disfrazarse]. The children love dressing up in their grandparent’s clothes.
9. Follow (something) to the letter [seguir las instrucciones al pie de la letra]. I followed the instructions to the letter, but couldn’t get the wi-fi to work.
10. Go round [visitor]. Look out for the Picasso drawings when you go round the exhibition.
11. Gut feeling [presentimiento]. I’ve got a gut feeling that this meeting is going to go badly.
12. Guy [tío]. I’ve known him since school; he’s a likeable guy.
13. Have (one’s) nose to the grindstone [hincar los codos]. My brother’s got his nose to the grindstone, revising for his exams.
14. How on earth [¿Cómo es posible que …?]. How on earth could you spend $2,000 on a watch?
15. Hurt (someone’s) feelings [herir los sentimientos (de alguien)]. I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings.
16. Ill-fated [desafortunado]. He seemed so ill-fated. He lost his job, and then his home in the same year.
17. In the dead of night [en plena noche]. I woke up suddenly in the dead of night – there was a noise downstairs.
18. Lay off [ser despedidos]. A thousand workers were laid off when the factory closed.
19. Make up [inventar]. He often makes up excuses for why he’s late.
20. On the tip of (one’s) tongue [(tener algo) en la punta de la lengua]. It’s very annoying when a Word is on the tip of your tongue, but you can’t quite
remember it.
21. Pain in the neck [ser un porculero]. This printer is such a pain in the neck - it never works.
22. Pick up [aprender, recoger]. He picks up languages very easily.
23. Put off [posponer]. We should put off the meeting till next week.
24. Quick temper [(tener) genio]. My grandfather has quite a quick temper.
25. Require [requerir]. This job requires a lot of attention to detail as there’s so much data to record.
26. Resemble [parecerse a]. All the children strongly resemble their mother, with their curly hair and round eyes.
27. Rough itinerary [itinerario aproximado]. I haven’t really planned my trip yet, but I have a rough itinerary.
28. Seek refuge [buscar refugio]. After her marriage broke up, she sought refuge with friends.
29. Sibling [hermano/a]. He was an only child, but had always wanted a sibling.
30. Strongly opposed [(mostrar) una firme oposición]. We are strongly opposed to the government’s new policy.
31. Turn out [resultar]. The book sounded fascinating, but it turned out to be really dull.
32. Under pressure [bajo presión]. I’m not very good in a crisis. I hate being under pressure.

File 3: Vocabulary Banks – Phrases with get

Get a life, get a move on, get around, get away with, get back to, get behind, get by, get down, get hold of, get into, get into trouble (with), get on, get (one’s) act
together, get (one’s) own way, get on like a house on fire, get on my nerves, get on with (something), get out of, get out of the way, get over, get real, get rid of,
get the chance, get the impression, get the joke, get the message, get the wrong end of the stick, get through to, get together with, get to know, get your own back,
get a flight, get (a room) decorated, get caught, get me down, get on, get presents, get somebody to come, get someone to do (something), get stopped, get
together, get to know, get your hair cut.

1. Get a life [espabilar y hacer algo]. He’s in his 40s and still living with his parents. He needs to get a life.
2. Get a move on [darse prisa]. You should get a move on or you’ll miss the train.
3. Get around [moverse por]. The best way to get around this city is by bike.
4. Get away with [marcharse sin hacer nada]. I tried to cheat in an exam once, but I didn’t get away with it.
5. Get back to [devolver [devolver (una llamada)]. Please leave a message and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
6. Get behind [ir retrasado]. Let me know if you get behind with your work and I’ll help you.
7. Get by [arreglárselas]. My salary is not enough to get by on.
8. Get down [deprimirse]. Does the bad weather ever get you down?
9. Get hold of [ponerse en contacto con]. I need to speak to Lou, but I can’t get hold of her.
10. Get into [meterse en]. What’s the best way to get into politics?
11. Get into trouble (with) [meterse en un lío]. You’ll get into trouble with your mum if she finds out you took her car.
12. Get on [tener una edad]. Your grandfather must be getting on a bit. Isn’t he in his 80s now?
13. Get (one’s) act together [organizarse]. She needs to get her act together and start looking for a job.
14. Get (one’s) own way [salirse con la suya]. She’s quite bossy and tends so get her own way.
15. Get on like a house of fire [llevarse de maravilla]. I introduced them last month and now they get on like a house on fire.
16. Get on my nerves [sacar de quicio]. I find children really irritating. They just get on my nerves.
17. Get on with something [seguir con (algo)]. I’ll leave you now. I need to get on with some work.
18. Get out of [librarse de]. My brother always gets out of doing his share of the housework.
19. Get out of the way [quitarse de en medio]. He wouldn’t get out of the way, so I got stuck behind him.
20. Get over [superar]. It took him more than a year to get over their break-up.
21. Get real [abrir los ojos]. You want a well-paid job in a big company, but you won’t even foy out homework. Get real!
22. Get rid of [deshacerse de]. I can’t get rid of that painting because it was a wedding present.
23. Get the chance [tener la oportunidad]. I didn’t get the chance to speak to him.
24. Get the impression [tener la impression]. Did you get the impression they didn’t like our present?
25. Get the joke [coger el chiste]. Everyone laughed except you. Didn’t you get the joke?
26. Get the message [captar el mensaje]. I told him to leave us alone, but he didn’t get the message.
27. Get the wrong end of the stick [entender mal]. He got the wrong end of the stick and went to the bus station instead of the train station.
28. Get through to [hacerse entender]. It is very difficult to get through to him – he just doesn’t seem to understand.
29. Get together with [reunirse con]. How often do you get together with your extended family?
30. Get to know [llegar a conocer]. I’m sure you’ll like him once you get to know him.
31. Get your own back [devolvérsela a (alguien)]. I’ll get my own back on him one day and take revenge.
32. Get a flight [coger un vuelo]. I had to get a flight a day after a plane crash. I almost cancelled it!
33. Get (a room) decorated [reformar una habitación]. We’re getting the bathroom decorated at the moment.
34. Get caught [ser cogido]. I cheated in an exam once, but luckily I did’t get caught.
35. Get me down [deprimir]. We’re having so many family problems at the oment, it’s really getting me down.
36. Get on [llevarse bien]. We get on very well most of the time.
37. Get presents [recibir regalos]. Children love getting presents at Christmas.
38. Get somebody to come [llamar a alguien para que venga]. We got somebody to come and fix the kitchen light.
39. Get someone to do (something) [obligar a alguien a hacer (algo)]. What kind of things did your parents get you to do around house?
40. Get stopped [Ser parado (por). I never get stopped by the police because I’m careful driver.
41. Get together [juntarse]. We got together when we were at university.
42. Get to know [llegar a conocer]. It’s much easier to get to know somebody in real life than online.
43. Get your hair cut [cortarse el pelo]. How often do you usually get your hair cut?
44. Not getting anywhere [no avanzar]. I’m not getting anywhere with this crossword. It’s too hard.

File 3: Vocabulary Banks – Conflict and warfare

Mother-in law, obligation, recover from, ally, armed forces, blow up, break out, capture, casualty, ceasefire, civilian, civil war, commander, coup, declare, defeat,
execute, forces, loot, missile, overthrow, peace-keeping forces, prisoner, rebel, rebellion, refugee, release, retreat, revolution, security forces, shell, siege, sniper,
surrender, survivor, The wounded, treaty, troops.

1. Mother-in-law [suegra]. My mother-in-law gave me an awful painting as a wedding present.

2. Obligation [obligación]. I didn’t do It because I had no obligation.
3. Recover from [reponerse]. It took him a long time to recover for the death of his friend.
4. Ally [aliado]. They were loyal allies during the war.
5. Armed forces [fuerzas armadas]. The armed forces helped the emergency services during the crisis.
6. Blow up [volar]. The rebels decided to blow up the airport runway.
7. Break out [estallar]. If war breaks out, there will be thousands of refugees trying to escape the fighting.
8. Capture [capturer]. The army captured over 300 rebels.
9. Casualty [casualidad]. There were thousands of casualties in the attack.
10. Ceasefire [alto el fuego]. The armies agreed on a temporary ceasefire.
11. Civilian [civil]. Many civilians who were not involved in the fighting were injured.
12. Civil war [Guerra civil]. The population was exhausted after ten years of civil war.
13. Commander [comandante]. A commander is an officer in charge of a group of soldiers or a military operation.
14. Coup [golpe de estado]. He seized power in a military coup.
15. Declare [declarer]. The government declared war.
16. Defeat [derrotar]. They finally defeated the enemy.
17. Execute [ejecutar]. They executed the rebel leader.
18. Forces [fuerzas]. My dad is a member of the security forces.
19. Loot [saquear]. During the riot, many shops were looted.
20. Missile [misil]. A missile fell on the city, destroying many buildings.
21. Overthrow [derrocar]. The rebels are trying to overthrow the government.
22. Peace-keeping forces [fuerzas encargadas del mantenimiento de la paz]. After the war, peace-keeping-forces remained present for several months.
23. Prisoner [prisionero]. The rebel soldiers took hundreds of prisoners.
24. Rebel [rebelde]. Armed rebels advanced towards the city.
25. Rebellion [rebellion]. After years of dramatic cuts in spending, part of the population rose in rebellion.
26. Refuge [refugiado]. There was a steady flow of refugees from the war zone.
27. Release [liberar]. The army released most of the prisoners.
28. Retreat [retirarse]. The army was forced to retreat.
29. Revolution [revolución]. Things have got so bad that the country is on the verge of revolution.
30. Security forces [fuerzas de seguridad]. As a member of the security forces, my aunt deals with a lot of confidential information.
31. Shell [bombardear]. The army started to shell the rebels as they retreated.
32. Siege [sitio]. The siege of the city finally ended after two months.
33. Sniper [francotirador]. Two soldiers were killed by snipers hidden in the trees.
34. Surrender [rendirse]. After months of fighting, the rebels surrendered.
35. Survivor [superviviente]. There were no survivors of the attack.
36. The wounded [los heridos]. There was on-site hospital for the wounded.
37. Treaty [tratado]. They signed a peace treaty at the end of the war.
38. Troops [tropas]. The president has decided to send in more troops.

File 4: Vocabulary Banks – Sounds and the human voice

Amused, bang, blow, brakes, buzz, click, crash, creak, crisp, crunch, drip, frightened, giggle, hiss, hoot, hum, mumble, rattle, relieved, roar, scream, screech, sigh,
slam, slurp, sniff, snore, sob, splash, stammer, stutter, tap, terrified, tick, tune, whisper, whistle, yell.

1. Amused [divertido]. They were amused by his stories.

2. Bang [golpe]. Did you hear that bang? It sounded like a gun.
3. Blow [sonarse]. I hate when people blow their nose in public.
4. Brakes [frenos]. The car stopped with a screech of brakes.
5. Buzz [zumbido]. I could hear the buzz of a fly.
6. Click [hacer click]. Click on the print icon to get a copy.
7. Crash [estrépito]. She heard the loud crash of a tree falling down.
8. Creak [crujir]. I heard a floorboard creak and I knew she was coming in late.
9. Crisp [cruijiente]. I love walking through the crisp snow.
10. Crunch [crujido]. I love hearing the crunch of my feet walking through the snow.
 11. Drip [gotear]. Please turn the tap off properly or it will drip.
12. Frightened [asustado]. Don’t be frightened. The dog won’t hurt you.
13. Giggle [reir]. They giggled nervously as they waited for their turn.
14. Groan [gemir]. He groaned with pain.
15. Hiss [siseo]. Did you hear the snake’s hiss?
16. Hoot [tocar la bocina]. I hate people who hoot at me when I slow down at an amber light.
17. Hum [canturrear]. I began to hum along with the music.
18. Mumble [musitar]. She mumbled a few words and left.
19. Rattle [vibrar]. Every time a bus goes by, the windows rattle.
20. Relieved [aliviado]. She sounded relieved when I told her I had got a job.
21. Roar [clamor]. We could hear the roar of the crowd in the football stadium.
22. Scream [gritar]. The boy screamed when he fell.
23. Screech [chirrido]. I heard the screech of brakes as the bus driver tried to stop.
24. Sigh [suspirar]. He sighed deeply at the thought.
25. Slam [golpear]. Please don’t slam the door.
26. Slurp [sorber]. It’s rude to slurp your soup.
27. Sniff [sorberse los mocos]. Don’t sniff! Get a tissue and blow your nose!
28. Snore [roncar]. I can’t share a room with you if you snore.
29. Sob [sollozar]. A child was sobbing loudly when I walked in.
30. Splash [salpicar]. She screamed when her friend splashed her in the swimming pool.
31. Stammer [tartamudear]. My friend stammers when he gets nervous and it’s hard to understand him.
32. Stutter [tartamudear]. His anxiety affected his speech and he stuttered into the microphone.
33. Tap [golpear suavemente]. When I’m nervous I often tap my fingers on the table.
34. Terrified [aterrorizado]. I was terrified when they told me I had to do another test.
35. Tick [tictac]. This clock has a very loud tick.
36. Tune [melodia]. Please stop humming that tune.
37. Whisper [susurrar]. It’s rude to whisper.
38. Whistle [silbar]. I can whistle a little bit, but I can’t really whistle a whole song.
39. Yell [gritar]. Please don’t yell at me. It wasn’t my fault.

File 4: Vocabulary Banks – Describing books and films

Creepy, fast-moving, gripping, haunting, heart-warming, heavy-going, implausible, intriguing, moving, thought-provoking.

1. Creepy [espeluznante]. A ghostly atmosphere made the film too creepy for me.
2. Fast-moving [rápido]. Action movies tend to rely on fast-moving stories.
3. Gripping [apasionante]. It was such a gripping story. I got really hooked.
4. Haunting [inolvidable]. It was a haunting story – frightening and sad. It won’t be easy to forget.
5. Heart-warming [conmovedor]. The film was so heart-warming that it restored my faith in human nature.
6. Heavy-going [denso]. The film was so heavy-going that I didn’t finish watching it.
7. Implausible [inverosímil]. The story was highly implausible. I didn’t believe it for a minute.
8. Intriguing [intrigante]. The plot was really intriguing. I couldn’t put the book down.
9. Moving [emotive]. The film was so moving it brought tears to my eyes.
10. Thought-provoking [que hace reflexionar]. It’s a thought-provoking essay. It raises many interesting questions.

File 5: Vocabulary Banks – Expressions with time

A matter of time, any time from, at the time, at times, before my time, behind the times, by the time, for the time being, from time to time, give (someone) a hard
time, have the time of your life, in no time, in time for, it’s about time, kill time, make up for lost time, me time, one thing at a time, on time, run out of time, save
time, short of time, spare the time, spend too long, take (me) a long time, take up all my time, take your time, there isn’t much time left, the whole time, this time
next week, time-consuming, time off, time on my hands, time’s up, waste a lot of time, with time to spare.

1. A matter of time [una cuestión de tiempo]. I’m sure you’ll find a job. It’s just a matter of time.
2. Any time from [en cualquier momento]. You can come any time from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
3. At the time [en aquel momento]. I missed the birth of my first child. I was on a plane at the time.
4. At times [a veces]. She can be bad-tempered at times.
5. Before my time [anterior a mi época]. I’ve never heard of that singer. She must have been before my time.
6. Behind the times [anticuado]. He’s a bit behind the times. He still thinks men should wear a suit at work.
7. By the time [cuando]. By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
8. For the time being [de momento]. You can stay here for the time being.
9. From time to time [de vez en cuando]. I eat out at restaurants from time to time.
10. Give (someone) a hard time [regañar]. If I’m late again, Dad will give me a hard time.
11. Have the time of your life [pasárselo de maravilla]. New York is such a fantastic city. You are going to have the time of your life.
12. In no time [en nada]. I thought it would take me ages, but in fact I finished it in no time.
13. In time for [a tiempo para]. We arrived in time for his speech.
14. It’s about time [ya es hora de]. You’ve had that computer for ages. It’s about time you got a new one.
15. Kill time [matar el tiempo]. I do crosswords to kill time while I wait at the airport.
16. Make up for lost time [recuperar el tiempo perdido]. I’ll have to work hard now to make up for lost time.
17. Me time [tiempo para mi]. I go shopping when I want some me time.
18. One thing at a time [una cosa a la vez]. Don’t try to multitask. Just do one thing at a time.
19. On time [puntual]. We expect staff to be on time every morning.
20. Run out of time [quedarse sin tiempo]. If we take too long at the museum, we’ll run out of time.
21. Save time [ahorrar tiempo]. Take the motorway if you want to sav time. It’s quicker.
22. Short of time [ir justo de tiempo]. I’d love to hep you out, but I’m a little short of time right now.
23. Spare the time [perder el tiempo]. I’d love to come with you, but I’m too busy and can’t spare the time.
24. Spend too long [pasar demasiado tiempo]. Let’s not spend too long at the museum. There are lots of other things I want to see.
25. Take (me) a long time [llervar (me) mucho tiempo]. It’s a long novel – it’s going to take me a long time to finish it.
26. Take up all my time [ocupar todo el tiempo (de alguien)]. My children take up all my time. I don’t have a minute to myself.
27. Take your time [tomarse el tiempo necesario]. We aren’t in a hurry, so take your time.
28. There isn’t much time left [no quedar demasiado tiempo]. The train leaves at 10 a.m., so there isn’t much time left – hurry up!
29. The whole time [todo el tiempo]. He spent the whole time on his phone and hardly spoke to me at lunch.
30. This time next week [la semana que viene a esta misma hora]. This time next week, I’ll be lying on the beach.
31. Time-consuming [que requiere mucho tiempo]. Filling in your tax return is incredibly time-consuming.
32. Time off [tiempo libre]. I’m working too hard. I need to take some time off.
33. Time on my hands [tener todo el tiempo del mundo]. My mum has got time on her hands since she retired.
34. Time’s up [el tiempo se ha acabado]. Time’s up. The exam is over.
35. Waste a lot of time [perder un monton de tiempo]. I waste a lot of time playing video games.
36. With time to spare [con el tiempo de sobra]. We left early and got to the airport with time to spare.

File 5: Vocabulary Banks – Money

Account, affluent, balance, borrow, broke, budget, can’t afford, charity, consumer society, cost of living, currency, deposit, donation, exchange rate, fare, fee, fine,
go bankrupt, grant, hard up, income, in debt, inflation, instalment, interest rate, lawyer, legal document, lend, loaded, loan, lump sum, make payments, make
transfers, manage your accounts, mortgage, occasion, particular, payment, penniless, property, punishment, quid, quote, recession, shares, standard of living, stock
market, wealthy, well-off, will, a rip-off, in the black, in the red, cost an arm and a leg, live beyond (one’s) means, make ends meet, money doesn’t grow on trees,
tight-fisted.
1. Account [cuenta]. I have opened a new bank account.
2. Affluent [acaudalado]. My boss lives in an affluent neighbourhood.
3. Balance [saldo]. I usually use a cash machine to check my balance.
4. Borrow [tomar prestado]. I borrowed some money from my parents to pay the bills.
5. Broke [estar sin blanca]. Can I borrow some money? I’m broke.
6. Budget [presupuesto]. We needed a new assistant, but the department had no budget to hire anyone.
7. Can’t afford [no poder permitirse algo]. Many young people can’t afford to buy a home.
8. Charity [organización benefica]. She volunteers for a charity in her free time.
9. Consumer society [Sociedad de consumo]. We live in a consumer society where everybody wants to buy something new.
10. Cost of living [coste de la vida]. People’s income has gone up, but inflation is high so the cost of living has also risen.
11. Currency [divisa]. What’s the currency in Vietnam? Is it the Vietnamese dong?
12. Deposit [fianza]. We have already paid a deposit on the house.
13. Donation [donación]. My dad often gives donations to charities.
14. Exchange rate [tipo de cambio]. Our currency is unstable and exchange rates fluctuate a lot.
15. Fare [precio del billete]. What’s the bus fare these days?
16. Fee [tarifa]. My lawyer charges an unreasonably high fee.
17. Fine [multa]. I had to pay a parking fine.
18. Go bankrupt [quebrar]. A lot of small businesses went bankrupt during the recession.
19. Grant [beca]. He has been offered a grant to go to Harvard University for a term.
20. Hard up [estar tieso]. I’m always hard up by the end of the month.
21. Income [sueldo]. My income covers all my basic necessities, but I can’t afford luxuries.
22. In debt [endeudado]. A lot of people are in debt and can’t afford to buy their first home.
23. Inflation [inflacción]. Inflation is high, so the cost of living increases each year.
24. Instalment [plazo]. We paid for the car in instalments.
25. Interest rate [tipo de interés]. People who have loans have to pay high interest rates.
26. Lawyer [abogado]. She studied law, but she never worked as a lawyer.
27. Legal document [documentación]. You need a legal document if you want to prove who you are.
28. Lend [prestar]. My parents lent me some money to pay the bills.
29. Loaded [estar forrado]. You don’t know what money problems are. You’re loaded!
30. Loan [prestamo]. I had to take out a loan to buy a new car.
31. Lump sum [cantidad única]. She was given a lump sum when she was made redundant.
32. Make payments [efectuar pagos]. I never use online banking to make payments.
33. Make transfers [hacer transferencias]. Can you make transfers into your bank account from your computer?
34. Manage your accounts [gestionar tus cuentas]. Online banking is a convenient way for people to manage their accounts.
35. Mortgage [hipoteca]. I can’t get a mortagage because I don’t earn much money.
36. Occasion [occasion]. I’ve seen her on several occasions this week.
37. Particular [particular]. Is there any particular type of car you’d like to see?
38. Payment [pago]. There will be a penalty for late payment of the bills.
39. Penniless [sin dinero]. She arrived in 1978 as a virtually penniless refugee.
40. Property [bienes inmuebles]. He invested in property and los most of his money.
41. Punishment [castigo]. I had to pay a fine as punishment for not returning the books to the library.
42. Quid [libra]. This hat only cost me five quid in a charity shop.
43. Quote [presupuesto]. I got the builder to give me a quote, but it was so expensive we decided to do it ourselves.
44. Recession [recesión]. The economy is in recession and small businesses are suffering.
45. Shares [acciones]. Some people make money by buying and selling shares on the stock market.
46. Standard of living [nivel de vida]. The standard of living in many European countries is lower than it was years ago.
47. Stock market [bolsa]. Some people make money by buying and selling shares on the stock market.
48. Wealth [adinerado]. He was a wealthy old man. He lived in a mansion and had a luxury yacht.
49. Well-off [pudiente]. His family are quite well-off.
50. Will [testament]. My mum left me all her paintings in her will.
51. A rip-off [ser un timo]. 20 pounds for a pizza?! What a rip-off!
52. In the black [(no entrar) en números rojos]. We managed to stay in the black this year, so we might have enough money for a short holiday.
53. In the red [(estar) en números rojos]. I’m in debt – my account is $200 in the red.
54. Cost an arm and a leg [costar un ojo de la cara]. My cousin’s weeding dress cost an arm and a leg – it was made by a top designer.
55. Live beyond (one’s) means [vivir por encima de las posibilidades de uno]. I’m not surprised they went bankrupt. They were clearly living beyond their
means.
56. Make ends meet [llegar a fin de mes]. I can’t make ends meet ever since I got fired.
57. Money doesn’t grow on trees [el dinero no crece en los arboles]. I’d love to go on holiday, but money doesn’t grow on trees.
58. Tight-fisted [agarrado]. I wouldn’t wate my time asking him for money. He’s tight-fisted.

File 6: Vocabulary Banks – Compound adjectives

Air-conditioned, dead-end, eco-friendly, extra-curricular, feel-good, ground-breaking, high-heeled, high-pitched, labour-saving, life-changing- low-cost, small-
scale, well-behaved, well-known, worn out.
1. Air-conditioned [climatizado]. In the summer, I spend most of my time in air-conditioned buildings.
2. Dead-end [sin porvenir]. He’s in a dead-end job in a factory.
3. Eco-friendly [respetuoso con el medioambiente]. Is your new fridge eco-friendly?
4. Extra-curricular [actividades complementarias]. My son does lots of extra-curricular activities after school, like cooking and tennis.
5. Feel-good [que hace sentir bien]. I usually watch a feel-good movie when I’m down.
6. Ground-breaking [revolucionario]. I’m reading a paper on ground-breaking research. This will change the world of medicine!
7. High-heeled [de tacón]. How can you wear high-heeled shoes on a trekking trip?
8. High-pitched [agudo]. I can’t stand his high-pitched voice.
9. Labour-saving [que ahorra trabajo]. The washing machine was probably my mum’s favourite labour-saving device.
10. Life-changing [que cambia la vida]. Being in an accident was a life-changing experience for him.
11. Low-cost [de bajo coste]. Have you ever travelled on a low-cost airline?
12. Small-scale [pequeños]. Small-scale pleasures make me very content with my life.
13. Well-behaved [bien educado]. Children who are not well-behaved will be asked to leave.
14. Well-known [conocido]. We went to a fantastic exhibition by a well-known artist.
15. Worn out [gastado]. You need to replace those running shoes. They’re worn out.

File 6: Vocabulary Banks – Phones and technology

Broadband, contacts, coverage, download, get through, hang up, keyboard, keypad, passcode, password, pop-up, put (someone) through, screen, scroll, settings,
signal, stream, swipe, switch off, top up, touch screen, unplug, update, wi-fi.
1. Broadband [banda ancha]. If I didn’t have fast broadband, I wouldn’t be able to work from home.
2. Contacts [contactos]. I can give you her phone number if you want. She’s in my list of contacts.
3. Coverage [cobertura]. There wasn’t any mobile coverage in the village, so I couldn’t call you.
4. Download [descargarse]. Films can take a long time to download.
5. Get through [contactar]. I called you at the office, but I couldn’t get through. The line was busy.
6. Hang up [colgar]. Sorry, I have to hang up now. My flight is about to board.
7. Keyboard [teclado]. Using the mouse is quicker that typing it on the keyboard.
8. Keypad [teclado numérico]. They keypad on my home phone doesn’t work. I have to buy a new one.
9. Passcode [clave de acceso]. Please enter the passcode to connect to the network.
10. Password [contraseña]. Your password to access your online bank account shouldn’t be too easy to guess.
11. Pop-up [ventana emergente] I like reading the paper online, but I find advertising pop-ups very annoying.
12. Put (someone) through [poner (a alguien) con]. If you hold, I’ll put through to the Accounts department.
13. Screen [pantalla]. My eyes are tired from looking at the screen all day.
14. Scroll [desplazarse hacia abajo por la pantalla/pagina]. If you scroll down the page, you’ll see the attachment at the bottom.
15. Settings [ajustes]. If you want to change the time on your mobile, go to the settings.
16. Signal [señal]. In the country, the mobile signal was very weak and nobody could contact us.
17. Stream [emisión en continuo]. You don’t need to download the video. You can just stream it.
18. Swipe [deslizar (el dedo)]. You have to swipe up to unlock the phone.
19. Switch off [apagar]. The laptop switched off when it ran out of battery.
20. Top up [recargar]. I need to top up my mobile phone.
21. Touch screen [pantalla táctil]. Some people find it difficult to use mobiles with touch screens.
22. Unplug [desenchufar]. You can unplug your phone now. It’s fully charged.
23. Update [actualización]. You should set up automatic updates.
24. Wi-fi [wifi]. You could get rid of a few cables if you had wi-fi.

File 6: Vocabulary Banks – Adjectives + prepositions

Accustomed to, addicted to, attached to, aware of, dependent on, dissatisfied with, fed up with, hooked on, keen on, mad about, obsessed with, open to, sick of,
suspicious of, unsuitable for.
1. Accustomed to [acostrumbado a]. People are so accustomed fake news that they can’t tell what’s true and what isn’t.
2. Addicted to [adicto a]. Are you addicted to your phone?
3. Attached to [encariñado a]. Reducing is difficult while people are so attached to their cars.
4. Aware of [consciente de]. Most parents are aware of the negative effects of too much screen time.
5. Dependent on [dependiente de]. I refuse to be dependent on a smartphone to have a social life.
6. Dissatisfied with [descontento con]. My dad is really dissatisfied with his mobile phone network.
7. Fed up with [harto de]. People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
8. Hooked on [enganchado con]. A lot of people are hooked on American TV series.
9. Keen on [entusiasta con]. Couples are not as keen on getting married as they used to be.
10. Mad about [loco por]. Lots of teenagers are mad about football.
11. Obsessed with [obsesionado con]. A lot of people are obsessed with celebrities.
12. Open to [abierto a]. Some older people aren’t as open to new ideas as younger people are.
13. Sick of [harto de]. People are sick of being bombarded with depressing news.
14. Suspicious of [(mostrarse) receloso de]. My grandparents are quite suspicious of social media and don’t use it.
15. Unsuitable for [inapropiado para]. If TV programmes are unsuitable for children, they have to be shown after 9 p.m.

File 7: Vocabulary Banks – Prefixes

Antivirus, autofocus, biannual, coexist, demystify, devalue, disagree, discontinue, disembark, dishonest, illegitimate, illiterate, illogical, ill-treated, immobile,
immoral, impersonal, impractical, inappropriate, incapable, incoherent, incompetent, inhospitable, intergovernmental, irrational, irregular, irrelevant, irreplaceable,
microorganism, misunderstand, monosyllabic, multivitamins, outgrow, outnumber, outpatient, outskirts, postgraduate, precondition. rebuild, substandard,
superhuman, unattractive, understaffed, undo, unhelpful, unofficial, upgrade, antifreeze, illegal, illegible, ill-equipped, inability, inconvenient, microplastic,
misjudge, misspell, outdoor, outsell, overcharge, overweight, regrow, rewrite, submarine, uncurl, undercooked, uphill.
1. Antivirus [antivirus]. I need to install a new antivirus program on my computer.
2. Autofocus [enfoque automatic]. I always use autofocus when I take photos.
3. Biannual [biannual]. The committee has biannual meetings in October and March.
4. Coexist [cohexistir]. Several different species now coexist peacefully side by side.
5. Demystify [desentrañar]. Will you demystify the workings of this new program for me?
6. Devalue [devaluarse]. The pound was devalued against the US dollar.
7. Disagree [no estar de acuerdo]. He thinks we should buy a new car. But I disagree.
8. Discontinue [suspender]. The company has decided to discontinue the free gym membership.
9. Disembark [desembarcar]. We had just disembarked from the boat and felt a bit dizzy.
10. Dishonest [deshonesto]. I don’t like him. I think he’s dishonest.
11. Illegitimate [(por hacer algo) ilícito]. They were fired from their jobs for illegitimate reasons.
12. Illiterate [analfabeto]. A large percentage of the rural population was illiterate in the 1800s.
13. Illogical [ilógico]. I don’t think you are right. Your conclusion is illogical.
14. Ill-treated [maltratado]. As a child, she was ill-treated by her stepmother.
15. Immobile [inmóvil]. He stood immobile by the window, watching us depart.
16. Immoral [inmoral]. Stealing is not only illegal, it is also immoral.
17. Impersonal [impersonal]. I don’t like big companies. They tend to be impersonal.
18. Impractical [poco práctico]. It was an impractical idea and nobody thought it would work.
19. Inappropriate [inadecuado]. Do you think colourful clothes are a bit inappropriate for a funeral?
20. Incapable [incapaz]. My children are incapable of working by themselves.
21. Incoherent [incoherente]. His speech was incoherent and nobody understood it.
22. Incompetent [incompetente]. I won’t work with him again. He’s completely incompetent.
23. Inhospitable [inhóspito]. The Atacama Desert must be an inhospitable place to live.
24. Intergovernmental [intergubernamental]. There will be an intergovernmental conference to look at climate change.
25. Irrational [irracional]. Fear of spiders is pretty irrational.
26. Irregular [irregular]. My attendance at the gym has been very irregular this term.
27. Irrelevant [irrelevante]. It is irrelevant if I believe your excuses or not.
28. Irreplaceable [irremplazable]. These antiques are irreplaceable.
29. Microorganism [microorganism]. Bacteria are microorganisms which often cause disease.
30. Misunderstand [entender mal]. Sorry, I misunderstood you. I thought you weren’t coming.
31. Monosyllabic [monosilábico]. A lot of common English verbs are monosyllabic.
32. Multivitamins [multivitaminas]. The doctor told me to take multivitamins because I was feeling a bit weak.
33. Outgrow [quedarse pequeño(algo a alguien)]. My daughter has outgrown most of her clothes.
34. Outnumber [supercar en número]. The demonstrators outnumber the police.
35. Outpatient [paciente externo]. I have to go to the hospital twice a week as an outpatient.
36. Outskirts [afueras]. He lives on the outskirts of the city and gets a bus into the centre.
37. Postgraduate [postgrado]. I’m doing a postgraduate course in literary translation.
38. Precondition [prerrequisito]. A ceasefire is an essential precondition for any negotiation.
39. Rebuild [reconstruir]. The whole town was rebuilt after the earthquake.
40. Substandard [poco satisfactorio]. This work is totally substandard. It’s not acceptable.
41. Superhuman [sobrehumana]. When she lifted him up, she seemed to have superhuman strength.
42. Unattractive [poco atractivo]. What makes a voice sound unattractive to you?
43. Understaffed [falto de personal]. This restaurant is really understaffed. They clearly need to hire more waiters.
44. Undo [deshacer]. Why don’t you tray to undo the damage?
45. Unhelpful [(estar) poco dispuesto a ayudar]. My children are unhelpful in the house and try to avoid doing any jobs.
46. Unofficial [extraoficial]. Unofficial estimates put the figure at two million.
47. Upgrade [mejorar]. I was incredibly lucky on my flight to New York. I was upgraded to business class!
48. Antifreeze [anticongelante]. Always remember to put antifreeze on the car when it’s very cold weather.
49. Illegal [illegal]. It’s illegal to park on the road if it has yellow lines.
50. Illegible [illegible]. I can’t read my doctor’s handwriting. It’s almost illegible.
51. Ill-equipped [mal equipado]. The expedition failed because they were ill-equipped.
52. Inability [incapacidad]. His inability to concentrate on anything really irritates me.
53. Inconvenient [molesto]. Having to take care of my sister’s dogs is terribly inconvenient.
54. Microplastic [microplásticos (pl.)] 7% of microplastic in the sea comes from paint used for marking roads.
55. Misjudge [juzgar mal]. I completely misjudged my new colleague, but now I see I was wrong.
56. Misspell [escribir mal]. It’s easy to misspell words when you’re typing quickly.
57. Outdoor [(de) exterior]. The hotel has an outdoor swimming pool.
58. Outsell [superar en ventas]. Bottled water outsells all other soft drinks.
59. Overcharge [cobrar de mas]. I’m not coming back to this restaurant. They have clearly overcharged us.
60. Overweight [con sobrepeso]. Being overweight leads to many health issues.
61. Regrow [regenerar]. Starfish can regrow a whole new body from a single arm.
62. Rewrite [reescribir]. You should rewrite this paragraph. It’s unclear.
63. Submarine [submarine]. Listening to the radio is virtually impossible on a submarine.
64. Uncurl [formar remolinos]. Tea leaves uncurl when hot water is poured on them.
65. Undercooked [poco hecho]. Eating undercooked meat can make you very sick.
66. Uphill [arduo]. It’s going to be on uphill struggle to motivate the team after last week’s defeat.

File 7: Vocabulary Banks – Art

abstract, canvas, drawing, figurative, frame, illustration, installation, landscape, monument, painting, portrait, poster, sculpture, self-portrait, statue, still life.
1. Abstract [abstracto]. The painting was so abstract that I wasn’t sure what it was, but my brother thought it was a vase.
2. Canvas [lienzo]. The artist stood, looking thoughtfully at the blank canvas.
3. Drawing [dibujo]. He always does several drawings on paper before he starts painting.
4. Figurative [figurativo]. I find the realism and detail of figurative art fascinating.
5. Frame [marco]. I chose the most beautiful gold frame for my painting.
6. Illustration [ilustración]. The thing my children most love about books are the colourful illustrations.
7. Installation [instalación]. We saw an installation made entirely of shells at a modern art exhibition.
8. Landscape [paisaje]. A landscape is a painting of a view of the countryside.
9. Monument [monument]. Every city has a historical monument to celebrate its past.
10. Painting [cuadro]. I could only afford a print of my favourite Van Gogh painting to put on my wall.
11. Portrait [retrato]. The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous portraits in art history.
12. Poster [poster]. There was a poster outside the gallery advertising the exhibition.
13. Sculpture [escultura]. He collects modern sculpture.
14. Self-portrait [autorretrato]. As a painter, I’m quite tempted to do a self-portrait.
15. Statue [estatua]. In the town square there’s a statue of a medieval king.
16. Still life [naturaleza muerta]. She prefers landscapes to still life.

File 7: Vocabulary Banks – Colour idioms

Black and white, black market, grey area, out of the blue, red herring, red tape, white elephant, white lie.
1. Black and white [en blanco y negro]. My uncle sees everything in black and white. He’s not very subtle.
2. Black market [Mercado negro]. I think he bought that painting on the black market.
3. Grey area [área poco definida]. Online copyright is still a bit of a grey area.
4. Out of the blue [de repente]. We were talking about work when, out of the blue, she asked if I was married.
5. Red herring [pista falsa]. The letter was a red herring. It had nothing to do with the murder at all.
6. Red tape [papeleo]. We had to deal with so much red tape that we decided to cancel the tour.
7. White elephant [engorro]. That sculpture is a real white elephant. We don’t know what to do with it.
8. White lie [mentira piadosa]. Telling my friend that I liked her haircut was only a white lie – I didn’t want to upset her.

File 8: Vocabulary Banks – Travel and tourism

Atmosphere, breathtaking, chill out, cuisine, dull, extend, get away from it all, go backpacking, go camping, go on holiday, hit the shops, iconic, imposing,
impressive, leisurely, lively, off the beaten track, overcrowded, overrated, picturesque, postpone, pricey, put off, recharge your batteries, remote, reschedule, run-
down, sample the local cuisine, set off, soak up, soulless, spectacular, spoilt, stroll, tacky, tiring, touristy, unimposing, unspoilt, unwind, wander round.
1. Atmosphere [ambiente]. There was a lovely atmosphere at the local market.
2. Breathtaking [impresionante]. The views from our hotel room were breathtaking.
3. Chill out [relajarse]. You’ve been working too much. You need to chill out now.
4. Cuisine [cocina]. I love Italian cuisine, especially the fresh pasta dishes.
5. Dull [aburrido]. The museum is pretty dull, but the café is good.
6. Extend [alargar]. There were so many things to visit that we decided to extend our trip.
7. Get away from it all [desconectar de todo]. It’s been a crazy time at the office. I need to book a holiday and get away from it all.
8. Go backpacking [viajar de mochilero]. They went backpacking in Argentina last year.
9. Go camping [ir de acampada]. Have you decided to go camping this year?
10. Go on holiday [irse de vacaciones]. When are you going to go on holiday? Is it next week?
11. Hit the shops [salir a la venta]. My new book hits the shops tomorrow. I’m so nervous.
12. Iconic [icónico]. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is one of Italy’s most iconic sights.
13. Imposing [imponente]. The enormous statue at the entrance to the palace is very imposing.
14. Impressive [impresionante]. The view is really impressive – you should go and have a look.
15. Leisurely [sin prisas]. We took a leisurely stroll along the beach.
16. Lively [animado]. It’s a really lively area at night.
17. Off the beaten track [apartado]. We found a tiny café in the backstreets of Venice, right off the beaten track.
18. Overcrowded [abarrotado]. The hotel pool is always overcrowded.
19. Overrated [sobrevalorado]. I think that restaurant is overrated. It’s not as good as people say.
20. Picturesque [pintoresco]. We went to a very picturesque little fishing village yesterday.
21. Postpone [aplazar]. My mum wasn’t feeling well so we decided to postpone the trip.
22. Pricey [caro]. The hotel breakfast was a bit pricey, but it was worth it.
23. Put off [posponer]. We had to put off our trip to India because of extreme weather conditions.
24. Recharge your batteries [cargar pilas]. A week’s holiday is all I need to recharge my batteries.
25. Remote [remote]. The temple was really remote. We had to walk for four hours to get there.
26. Reschedule [cambiar la fecha/hora]. We’ll have to reschedule the meeting.
27. Run-down [(estar)destartalado]. The main square is quite smart, but the buildings behind are very run-down.
28. Sample the local cuisine [probar la comida local]. When I’m visiting a foreign country, I love to sample the local cuisine.
29. Set off [partir (de viaje)]. I can’t see you tomorrow. I’m setting off on a journey.
30. Soak up [sumergirse]. It was such a beautiful scene that we sat down to soak up the atmosphere.
31. Soulless [sin alma]. The modern part of the city is mainly soulless office blocks.
32. Spectacular[spectacular]. We saw some spectacular scenery on the road trip.
33. Spoilt [estropeado]. The seafront has been spoilt by all the new hotels.
34. Stroll [paseo]. I’ve been working at home all day. I’m going for a stroll to get a breath of fresh air.
35. Tacky [hortera]. The souvenirs were all plastic Eiffel Towers and keyrings – really tacky stuff.
36. Tiring [cansado]. What do you do to relax after a tiring day?
37. Touristy [turísticas]. The shops are quite touristy, but we bought some nice things.
38. Unimposing [anodino]. The hotel entrance is unimposing, but the lobby inside is impressive.
39. Unspoilt [inalterado]. It’s a lovely city, almost completely unspoilt by tourism.
40. Unwind [relajarse]. You need to unwind a bit. Why don’t you go for a walk?
41. Wander round [deambular]. We wandered round the old town for hours.

File 8: Vocabulary Banks – Health and medicine

Blister, bruise, cold, food poisoning, GP, heart attack, psychiatrist, rash, side-effects, specialist, sprained, stroke, surgeon, the flu, throat infection, treatment.
1. Blister [ampulla]. These shoes have given me blisters.
2. Bruise [moratón]. I fell down and got a bruise on my arm.
3. Cold [resfriado]. I’ve got a headache and a sore throat. I think I’ve caught a cold.
4. Food poisoning [intoxicación alimentaria]. We all got food poisoning after eating in that restaurant.
5. GP [medico de cabecera]. I think you should go and see your GP as soon as possible.
6. Heart attack [infarto]. He was only 40, but suffered a heart attack. He’s going to need to watch his diet from now on.
7. Psychiatrist [psiquiatra]. As a psychiatrist he was experienced in treating mental health conditions.
8. Rash [sarpullido]. If I eat peanuts, I come out in a rash.
9. Side-effects [efectos secundarios]. All drugs have side-effects. Some of them can be quite bad.
10. Specialist [especialista]. Her GP referred her to a specialist.
11. Sprained [esquince (en el tobillo)]. I couldn’t walk for a week due to a sprained ankle.
12. Stroke [ictus]. The stroke left him paralysed.
13. Surgeon [cirujano]. Do you know which surgeon will be operating on you?
14. The flu [la gripe]. She’s off sick today. I think she’s got the flu.
15. Throat infection [infección de garganta]. My sister needed antibiotics to get rid of a very bad throat infection.
16. Treatment [tratamiento]. Doctors are very careful what treatment they give to patients.

File 8: Vocabulary Banks – Similes

As blind as a bat, as deaf as a post, as fit as a fiddle, as good as gold, as quick as a flash, as stubborn as a mule, as thin as a rake, as tough as old boots, as white as
a sheet, drink like a fish, eat like a horse, sleep like a log, works like a dream.
1. As blind as a bat [más ciego que un topo]. Your mother is as blind as a bat. She should have her eyes tested.
2. As deaf as a post [sordo como una tapia]. My grandad is as deaf as a post, so you have to speak up a little.
3. As fit as a fiddle [rebosante de salud]. Thankfully, my grandmother is as fit as a fiddle. She’s almost never ill.
4. As good as gold [[(portarse) como un ángel]. She’s been as good as gold. She took all her medicine without complaining.
5. As quick as a flash [como un rayo]. When I pressed the button, the nurse came as quick as a flash.
6. As stubborn as a mule [terco como una mula]. My husband is as stubborn as a mule. He refuses to go to the doctor about his back problems.
7. As thin as a rake [estar en los huesos]. He’s lost a lot of weight since his illness. He’s as thin as a rake.
8. As tough as old boots [fuerte como un roble]. My grandparents are in their 90s, but are both as tough as old boots.
9. As white as a sheet [blanco como la pared]. She’s as white as a sheet. I think she’s going to faint.
10. Drink like a fish [beber como una esponja]. He drinks like a fish. He really ought to cut down.
11. Eat like a horse [comer como una lima]. Some people can eat like a horse and not put on weight.
12. Sleep like a log [dormir como un tronco]. She sleeps like a log. I don’t thing she’ll ever have problems with insomnia.
13. Works like a dream [ser muy eficaz]. My new medication works like a dream. I feel so much better.

File 9: Vocabulary Banks – Animal matters

Animal charity, animal rights activist, bark beak, bee, blackbird, bred in captivity, cage, calf, canary, chick, claw, cub, endangered species, environment, fin, foal,
fur, goldfish, grunt, hive, hoof/hooves, horn, hunted for sport, inhumane conditions, kennel, kid, live in the wild, meow, neigh, nest, paw, protect, puppy,
reintroduce, roar, shell, squeak, stable, tail, tank, treat cruelly, twitter, wing, a dark horse, do all the donkey work, her bark is worse than her bite, infestation, kill
two birds with one stone, like a fish out of water, like water off a duck’s back, shellfish, smell a rat, sting, the lion’s share, with his tail between his legs.

File 9: Vocabulary Banks – Preparing food

Baked figs, baking tray, barbecued pork ribs, biscuit, boiled rice, chopped parsley, chopping board, colander, deep-fried onion rings, food processor, frying pan,
grated cheese, grilled fillet of fish, kettle, mashed potatoes, melted chocolate, minced beef, mixing bowl, omelette, peeled prawns, poached egg, roast lamb,
saucepan, scales, scrambled eggs, sieve, sliced bread, spaghetti, spatula, steamed mussels, stewed plums, stuffed chicken breast, toasted sandwich, utensils,
whipped cream, whisk.

File 9: Vocabulary Banks – More words and phrases

Conservation, hunting

File 10: Vocabulary Banks – Useful words and phrases

Depth

File 9: Vocabulary Banks – Word building: adjectives, nouns, and verbs

Deepen, flatness, flatten, height, heighten, length, lengthen, shorten, shortness, strength, strengthen, thicken, thickness, weaken, weakness, widen, width, achieve,
decline, deny, deplore, emigrant, floor, foreigner, ground, immigrant, journey, outsider, migrant, reach, reclusive, reserved, shy, soil, stranger, stroll, succeed, trip,
voyage, walk, wander.

Pisarra mcarmen.

Verbs:

To fall/fell/fell
To giggle/giggled/giggled
To groan/groaned/groaned
To hook/hooked/hooked
To yell

1. Mi suegra me obligó a reponer en la sarten, el aceite de la marca aliado mientras las fuerzas armadas venian volando al estallar el avión capturado.
Casualmente el fuego cesó.
2. Algunos civiles iban en contra de la Guerra civil. El comandante que provocó el golpe de estado, declaró la derrota y ejecutó a la mitad de la población que
ya no tenia fuerzas, para evitar que saquearan los misiles guardados en el parlamento.