MATERIALS REFERENCE CODE

IRRIGATION ENGINEERING (ESARS BOOK IN GROUP)

1. Define irrigation its need and its benefits.

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BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION ENGINNERING

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2. What are various types of irrigation?

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3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of irrigation?
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4. Explain the drift and sprinkler methods in details
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5. Explain the various source of irrigation in details with neat sketch
(https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-are-the-sources-of-irrigation/)
The different sources of water for irrigation are rainfall, ponds, wells, canals, lakes, dams,
and tube wells.

• Rainfall: Rainwater is the most natural and sustainable source of irrigation

water. However, it is also the most unpredictable and unreliable source. In
some areas, rainfall is not sufficient to meet the needs of crops, while in other
areas, rainfall can be too heavy and cause flooding.

• Ponds: Ponds are small bodies of water that are created by digging into the
ground or by damming a stream or river. Ponds can store rainwater or water
 that is pumped from wells or canals. Ponds are a good source of irrigation
water because they are relatively inexpensive to construct and maintain.

• Wells: Wells are drilled into the ground to access groundwater. Groundwater
is water that is stored in the pores and cracks of rocks and soil. Groundwater
is a reliable source of irrigation water because it is not affected by droughts or
floods. However, groundwater can be depleted if it is not used sustainably.

• Canals: Canals are artificial waterways that are used to transport water from
one place to another. Canals can be used to transport water from rivers,
lakes, or reservoirs to farms. Canals are a good source of irrigation water
because they can deliver water to large areas of land.

• Lakes: Lakes are large bodies of water that are naturally occurring. Lakes can
store rainwater, snowmelt, or groundwater. Lakes are a good source of
irrigation water because they can store large amounts of water. However,
lakes can be expensive to use for irrigation because they may require
pumping or other infrastructure.

• Dams: Dams are built across rivers to create reservoirs. Reservoirs are large
bodies of water that store water. Reservoirs can be used to store water for
irrigation, hydroelectric power, or other purposes. Dams can be expensive to
construct, but they can provide a reliable source of irrigation water.

• Tube wells: Tube wells are a type of well that is used to extract groundwater.
Tube wells are typically deeper than traditional wells and can access
groundwater that is not accessible to traditional wells. Tube wells are a good
source of irrigation water because they can provide a high volume of water.
However, tube wells can be expensive to construct and operate.

6. What do you mean by the water requirements of crop and write functions of water?
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7. Derive an expression for duty and delta. Also write various terms related to duty and delta .
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8. (a) What is duty and delta?

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(b) Write various factors affecting the duty?

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9. Write various application of water, area terms related for crop yield,and various types of
efficiencies.
10. Derive an expression for the depth of moisture in root zone
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11. Write short note on
1.intensity of irrigation
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2.Crop season and crop rotation

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 3. TDS, SAR AND ESR
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12. What is canal? Also classify the canal. Write criteria for site selection.

13.
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14. What is difference between canal and channel?

15. Write various methods & steps used in design of canal.

16. What is Darcy’s law? Derive it an expression for it.
(https://byjus.com/physics/darcys-law/)
17. What is aquifer? Write its types also
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18. What do you mean by Geological, And hydrological Investigations?
19. Write short notes on
1. Fixation of storage capacity
2. Contours, Mass curve
3. Operation of reservoirs
4. Reservoirs sedimentation
20. Define the term Head works- Storage and diversion works.
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21. write short note on
1.Wiers and types of wiers
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2. Uplift and Piping
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22. What do you mean by spillways and write its various types.also explain how its site is
selected for the design
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