Chapter 2 & 3

Kinematics

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Relative Velocity

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 Relative Velocity
Example:

Source Material: Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics (4th Edition) by Giancoli Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 3
 Chapter 4
Dynamics:
Newton’s Laws of Motion

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Force

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Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform

velocity in a straight line, as long as no NET force acts on it.

Source Material: Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics (4th Edition) by Giancoli Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 6
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the NET force
acting on it, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force
acting on it.

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion (Action-Reaction)
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second
exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first.

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First and the Second Law ?

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Force of Gravity, Weight, Normal Force and Tension

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Force of Gravity, Weight, Normal Force and Tension

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How to apply Newton’s Laws to Dynamics Problems

Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram (FBD) of the object showing

all the forces acting ON the object.
Step 2: Choose an appropriate coordinate system/reference frame
such that:
• Acceleration points along a single axis
• If possible, make the acceleration positive.

Step 3: Apply Newton’s 2nd Law for all axes/directions

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Example 4.1

The block with mass 𝑚 = 10.0kg is

pushed along a frictionless
horizontal surface as shown in the
figure above.
a) Find the normal force acting
on the block.
b) Find the acceleration of the
block.
Take 𝑔 = 9.81 m/s

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Example 4.2

A block of mass 𝑚 is released

from the top of a frictionless
inclined plane.
a) Find the normal force
acting on 𝑚.
b) Find the acceleration with
which the block slides
down the inclined plane.

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Example 4.3

Two blocks of masses 𝑚 and 𝑚 are

attached to the ends of a string
passing through a massless pulley as
shown in the figure above. Once the
system is released, find
a) acceleration of the blocks,
and
b) the tension on the string.

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Example 4.4

For the system shown above with a

massless string and a pulley,
determine
a) the tension on the string, and
b) acceleration of the blocks.
Assume that there is no friction
between 𝑚 and the horizontal
surface.

Source Material: Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics (4th Edition) by Giancoli Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 16
Example 4.5

For the system shown above with a

massless string and a pulley,
determine
a) the tension on the string, and
b) acceleration of the blocks.

Assume that there is no friction

between 𝑚 and the inclined plane..
Source Material: Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics (4th Edition) by Giancoli Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 17
Example 4.5

For the system shown above with a

massless string and a pulley,
determine
a) the tension on the string, and
b) acceleration of the blocks.

Assume that there is no friction

between 𝑚 and the inclined plane..
Source Material: Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics (4th Edition) by Giancoli Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18
Example 4.5

For the system shown above with a

massless string and a pulley,
determine
a) the tension on the string, and
b) acceleration of the blocks.

Assume that there is no friction

between 𝑚 and the inclined plane..
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Example 4.7
A small mass m hangs from a thin string and can swing like a pendulum.
You attach it above the window of your car as shown. What angle does
the string make (a) when the car accelerates at a constant a = 1.20 m/s2,
and (b) when the car moves at constant velocity, v = 90 km/h?

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