Saysayan, Kylie Rae L.

Task 1: answer the following

1. Differentiate the different sources of obligation using the table below.

SOURCES How Obligation Arise Rules that govern the Example

source of obligation
1. Law Obligation in law arise Contract law: it arises Criminal law
by variety of legal in mutual agreement Contract law
mechanisms including and promises made by Traffic law
contracts, torts, and parties in legally Intellectual property
legal duties. These enforceable contract.
specific rules and Tort law: results from
principles that govern wrongful acts or
obligations varying to omissions that lead to
jurisdiction such harm or injury to
contract law, tort law another party.
and statutory law. Statutory law: it
imposes duties and
responsibilities on
individuals and entities.
2. Contracts Obligations arises in Compliance with legal Sales contracts
contracts begin with requirements: the Employment contracts
one party making an contract should comply Loan agreements
offer to do something with relevant laws and Partnership
else in consideration. regulations. agreements
Failure to fulfill these Legal capacity: parties
obligations may lead to entering the contract
legal consequences. must have legal
capacity.
3. Quasi- Obligations in quasi- Benefit and Beneficial
contracts contracts arise when acceptance: it must be improvements
one party benefits shown that one party Unsolicited repairs
from one party’s conferred a Benefits of third parties
actions or property measurable benefit Emergency services
without a pre- existing upon another party.
contract or agreement. Lack of pre-existing
Quasi- contracts are contract: if there is no
not true contracts but pre- existing contract
they create legal between two parties,
obligations. they both fill the gap
where there is no
express agreement.
4. Acts or Obligations in acts or Civil law rules: the rule Assault
omissions omissions punished by is that individuals owe Theft
punished by law can arise through a duty of care to Murder
law criminal law and civil others. Failing to meet Speeding
 law. this duty can result in Breach of contract
civil liability. Failure to pay taxes
Contract law rules: Abandonment
parties are bound by
the terms of their
agreements.
5. Quasi-delicts Obligations in quasi- Duty care: they are Defamation
delicts arises from expected to act False imprisonment
wrongful or negligent reasonably and Trespass
acts or omissions that prudently to prevent Fraud
cause harm or damage harm to others. Invasion of privacy
to another party. Damages: plaintiffs nuisance
may be entitled to
various forms of
damages, including
compensatory
damages.
2. When can one person be guilty of the following:
a. Fraud
- A person can be guilty of fraud when they intentionally deceive someone for financial gain or
causing financial loss to another party. If proven guilty, the person found guilty of fraud may
face legal consequences that is they can be fined or imprisonment.
b. Negligence
- A person can be found guilty of negligence in a legal context when they fail to exercise the level
of care and caution that a reasonable person would under similar circumstances. If proven in
court the person can be found liable for negligence and may be required to compensate the
injured party.
c. Delay
- If a party fails to meet the terms of a contract by delaying their performances, can be held liable
for breach of contract, which can result in legal consequences. Excessive delays in the legal
process may violate a defendant’s right.
3. What could be the possible civil liability for damages in case of fraud, negligence and delay in
the fulfillment of the obligation/s?

- Possible civil liability could be

A. Compensatory damages: intended to compensate the injured party for the actual losses or
harm.
B. Legal costs and attorney’s fees: the party may be entitled to recover their legal costs and
attorney’s fees from the losing party.
C. Nominal damages: damages awarded when a legal violation has occurred.
D. Punitive damages: it is awarded to punish the wrongdoer and others from similar behavior.
Task 2: what do you think is your obligation on the following areas?

a. As a son/daughter
- Daughter/son’s obligation are to show respect and care for their parents, support their family,
and contribute to household responsibilities. However, in today’s generation their obligation can
include pursuing education, careers, and personal goals, while still maintaining strong family
bonds.
b. As a member of a family
- Just like my answer above, the obligation of being a member of the family is that you still have
to support, respect, communicate, share responsibilities, and maintaining bonds with families.
c. As a student
- The obligations of a student are respecting the rules and regulations, time management, respect
for learning, academic responsibility seeking help. These are some of the obligations of a
student. It is important to have these obligations because it is our key to success and personal
development.
d. As a citizen
- Obligations as a citizen may include paying of taxes, obeying laws, respecting the rights of others
and participating in democracy. Respecting rights, freedoms, and opinions of others will help
you understand other people. Citizenship may vary depending in different countries.
e. As a local
- Respecting neighbors, treating neighbors with respect and consideration. Supporting local
businesses, patronizing local business that support local economy. Volunteering, volunteering
can help make the process much easier. Active participation in local communities is typically a
positive contribution.

Task 2: identify what kind of culpa are given and explain why
1. Culpa contractual and culpa Aquiliana, because Emi is the proprietor and parekoy is held
liable for tonix’s bruises because of the accident, it caused harm to another party.
2. Culpa Aquiliana, because sky has the right to file against Emi and parekoy because he was
also harmed in the accident.
3. Culpa criminal, the driver has failed in driving cautiously and carefully that’s why it caused
harm or injury to sky who is just a bystander in the curb.