Endodontic department

Instruments, materials
and devices in
Endodontics
LECTURE OUTLINE

*Infection control protocol.

*Classification of endodontic instruments.
A-Diagnostic instruments.
B-Instruments using during access cavity preparation.
C- Exploring instruments.
D-Extirpating instruments.
E-Root canal enlarging instruments.
F-Obturation materials, instruments and devices.
G-Miscellaneous instruments
*ISO standardization:
A-The length of the instrument
B-The numbering of the instrument
C- Taper
D-Color coding
E-Incremental increase
F-Tip design
G-Quality control (tolerance)
LECTURE ILOs

After reading this chapter, the student should be able

to:

1-Classify different types of instruments used in

endodontic therapy.
2-Explain the basis for sizing and taper of root canal
instruments. (ISO standardization)
Infection control protocol

Vaccination Mouth rinse

Med History
Radiographic film
Personal protection
packet
Biohazards

Operatory surface Sterilization

Dental unit waterline

Classification of Endodontic Instruments

Classification according to:

▪The sequence of use

I-Diagnostic IV-Extirpating

V-Root canal Enlarging

II-Access preparation
VI-Obturating

III-Exploring VII-Miscellaneous
Classification of Endodontic Instruments
I-Diagnostic Instruments
A- Basic examination instruments
 B- Specialized devices
1- Visual Aids : Binocular 2.5X-6X
Overhead light
1- Visual Aids : Surgical Operating Microscope 20-32 X

MB2
1- Visual Aids: Transillumination

Cracks or fractures
2-Pulp Sensitivity tests: Neural Elements
a-Thermometric evaluation
Cold
Cold water bath
Hot
B- Electrometric evaluation

Electric pulp tester (EPT)

2-Pulp Vitality tests: (Vascular pulp elements)

b- Pulp Oximetry
a- Laser Doppler
Flowmetry
3-Equipment for radiographs: a-Plain Radiography

b-Digital Imaging system:

(80% less radiation)

RVG Digora
3-Equipment for radiographs: c- computed
tomography (CT)
4-Supplemental Diagnostic tests:

Cracks or fractures

Tooth slooth Methylene blue

Classification of Endodontic Instruments

Classification according to:

▪The sequence of use

I-Diagnostic IV-Extirpating

V-Root canal Enlarging

II-Access preparation
VI-Obturating

II-Exploring VII-Miscellaneous
 II-Access preparation
Round bur Regular & Surgical length
Classification of Endodontic Instruments
II-Access preparation
Endo Z

Diamendo

Endo Acess
Bifurcation
Classification of Endodontic Instruments

Classification according to:

▪The sequence of use

I-Diagnostic IV-Extirpating

V-Root canal Enlarging

II-Access preparation
VI-Obturating

II-Exploring VII-Miscellaneous
Classification of Endodontic Instruments
III-Exploring Instruments

Endodontic Explorer
Smooth Broach

Exploring the root canal

Classification of Endodontic Instruments

Classification according to:

▪The sequence of use

I-Diagnostic IV-Extirpating

V-Root canal Enlarging

II-Access preparation
VI-Obturating

II-Exploring VII-Miscellaneous
 IV-Extirpating Instruments
(Extirpation = removal of vital pulp)
Barbed broach
Classification of Endodontic Instruments

Classification according to:

▪The sequence of use

I-Diagnostic IV-Extirpating

V-Root canal Enlarging

II-Access preparation
VI-Obturating

II-Exploring VII-Miscellaneous
Classification of Endodontic Instruments
V-Root canal Enlarging Instruments
Classification according to:
▪ Material of construction:St St, Ni Ti, C St,
Diamond
▪ Power source: Hand driven, engine driven
(rotary or vibratory)
▪The technique of manufacturing: Counter
clockwise twisting, machine grinding
▪ISO Classification
Classification of Endodontic Instruments
V-Root canal Enlarging Instruments
Classification according to:
▪ Material of construction:St St, Ni Ti, C St,
Diamond

Nickel tiatnium (Ni Ti)

Diamond File
(ultrasonic)
Stainless Steel
▪Power source:
Hand driven

Engine driven (rotary or vibratory)

 ▪The technique of manufacturing:

Counter clockwise Machine Incision &

twisting grinding elevation

R file

OR OR

e.g. K File, e.g. H File, NiTi e.g. R File

Reamer Rotary instruments
ISO STANDARDIZATION

• 1- Length of the instrument

• 2- Instrument taper
• 3-Numbering of the instrument
• 4- Incremental increase in size
• 5- Color coding
• 6- Tip angle
• 7- Tolerance (quality control)
Basic Instruments: ISO Standardization

1- Length

Working part
D16 D0
16 mm

25 mm (21, 31mm)
Handle D0
 2- Taper

Is usually expressed as the amount the file diameter

increases each millimeter along its working surface from the
tip toward the file handle
 Taper
2%
(0.02 mm/mm Tip
Diameter Diameter
at 16 mm (mm)

16 mm
D16 more than D0 by
0.32mm
 3- Numbering of the instrument

Number
(Size) Tip
Diameter
Colour code (mm)

Shaft Working part

 4- Color coding &
5- Incremental increase in size

21 Instruments

15
20
25
30
35
40
Basic Instruments:

45
50
55 90
60 100
70 110
80 120
130
140
Incremental increase 0.02 mm (20 micron)

6
8
10
 6- Tip Angle

Tip angle 75 degrees ± 15

 7- Tolerance (quality control)

• ± 0.02mm (instrument)
• ± 0.04 mm (gutta-percha)
ISO STANDARDIZATION

• 1- Length of the instrument

• 2- Instrument taper
• 3-Numbering of the instrument
• 4- Incremental increase in size
• 5- Colour coding
• 6- Tip angle
• 7- Tolerance (quality control)
References:

• Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC. Ingle’s Endodontics,

4th edition. Williams and wilkins, 1994.

• Walton RE and Torabinejad M. Principles and practice of

endodontics, 5th edition, Saunders company, 2015.

• Cohen S, Burns RC. Pathway of the pulp, 11th edition,

Mosby, 2016.