Damen Shipbuilding Quality Standards - VOLUME I (Hull Quality Standards)

SHIPBUILDING QUALITY STANDARDS
VOL I HULL QUALITY STANDARDS
Version Date Revision description Prepared by Checked by Approved by

0 10-12-14 First release Bas Damman - -
1 16-12-16 Volume layout Ronald Michel de Reus
Rietveld
2
SHIPBUILDING QUALITY
OPERATIONS SUPPORT STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
This document determines the “Damen Shipbuilding Quality Standards” (DSQS). It is the intention to
describe quality levels, and also methods to verify and record those.
Background of these Standards are the normal General Industry Standards such as ISO, EN, DIN, NEN as
well as specific Shipbuilding Standards as per Class Society Rules & Regulations (IACS), added with
Damen’s own product quality requirements. All of this bearing in mind the specific environmental and
operational conditions in which ships will operate.
For every project, a specific engineering package(drawings, technical descriptions etc.) will be made for
production, based on above mentioned Standards and Rules & Regulations; made specific when and
wherever needed. In case any specific / additional agreements have been made between Damen and the
Client, this will be incorporated in the engineering package and has to be clearly communicated by the
Damen project manager.
This document is intended to be used next to the project documentation (engineering output / production
input), but then more focused on the execution of the actual shipbuilding production process, with its
specific points of attention.
There is a clear ‘link’ with other Damen Standard Handbooks, which contain primarily design and
engineering Standards and Data, plus recommended work methods. These Handbooks should also be
considered where referred in the engineering package.
Damen ships, either standardized or one-offs, are and should be known to be of high quality,
irrespectively of where they have been built (‘all around the world’). At the production locations, which
can be Damen owned yards, Damen partner yards (incl. Damen Technical Cooperation; DTC) or Non-
Damen yards (e.g. through DTC), teams of Damen representatives supervise, inspect and assist these
production locations and their process and product, in order to achieve the agreed Damen quality.
Many of the Damen representatives at the production locations worldwide have extensive experience in
parts or the complete ship building process and Damen ships.
It is also the intention of this DSQS to assemble, synchronize, harmonize incl. make available all related
quality items, also in order to avoid any unnecessary and/or unwanted discussions and interpretations by
those involved. In other words: this should be a ‘consolidated’ document.
The DSQS manual consists of the following volumes:

VOL I: Hull quality standards
VOL II: Outfitting quality standards
VOL III: Paint quality standards
VOL IV: Electrical standards
VOL V: Commissioning and Trails
Revision UNCONTROLLED IF
D :
Filename : DSQS-VOLUME I
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. STEEL HULL QUALITY STANDARDS..................................................................................7

1. Materials........................................................................................................................................8
1.1 General...................................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Steel material conditions.................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Material requirements.....................................................................................................8
1.2 Steel plate imperfections and defects......................................................................................8
1.2.1 Definitions......................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 Imperfections..................................................................................................................8
1.2.3 Defects..........................................................................................................................10
1.2.4 Defect remedials...........................................................................................................11
1.2.5 Lamination....................................................................................................................12
1.3 Steel plate thickness tolerances.............................................................................................13
1.4 Edge conditions after gas cutting..........................................................................................13
2. Line marking accuracy................................................................................................................15
2.1 Cutting line marking.............................................................................................................15
2.2 Fitting line marking..............................................................................................................16
3. Fabrication of parts......................................................................................................................17
3.1 Flanged profiles and brackets...............................................................................................17
3.2 Corrugated parts...................................................................................................................18
3.3 Built up parts and deformation norms..................................................................................19
3.4 Pillars, brackets and profiles.................................................................................................20
3.5 Formed parts.........................................................................................................................21
4. Assembly measurement accuracy................................................................................................22
4.1 Panel accuracy......................................................................................................................22
4.2 Section accuracy...................................................................................................................24
5. Welding.......................................................................................................................................26
5.1 Welding and welder qualifications........................................................................................26
D :
4
5.1.1 Welding procedures......................................................................................................26

5.1.2 Qualification of NDE operators....................................................................................26
5.1.3 Welder qualifications....................................................................................................26
5.2 Steel welding ambient conditions.........................................................................................27
5.2.1 Welding in cold weather, wind and rain.......................................................................27
5.2.2 Consumable storage and handling................................................................................28
5.3 Distance between welds........................................................................................................29
5.4 Weld joints preparation.........................................................................................................30
5.4.1 General..........................................................................................................................30
5.4.2 Butt weld edge preparation...........................................................................................31
5.4.3 Fillet weld edge preparation..........................................................................................34
5.5 Weld alignment details.........................................................................................................36
5.6 Weld quality.........................................................................................................................40
5.6.1 General..........................................................................................................................40
5.6.2 Tack weld quality..........................................................................................................40
5.6.3 Weld shape....................................................................................................................41
5.7 Welding sequence.................................................................................................................44
6. Repairs and fairing of deformations..............................................................................................49
6.1 Repairs of construction.........................................................................................................49
6.1.1 Repair of plates.............................................................................................................49
6.1.2 Repair of profiles..........................................................................................................50
6.1.3 Repair of brackets.........................................................................................................51
6.2 Local deformations...............................................................................................................52
6.2.1 General deviations from the theoretical lines (except for Tugs and High Speed Craft
Product Groups)...........................................................................................................................52
6.2.2 Fairness of plating with frames (except for Tugs and High Speed Craft Product Groups)53
6.2.3 Deviations from the theoretical lines for Tugs and High Speed Craft Product Groups.53
6.2.4 Seam/butt sag................................................................................................................54
6.2.5 Deformations................................................................................................................55
6.3 Fairing...................................................................................................................................55
6.3.1 Fairing by flame heat....................................................................................................55
6.3.2 Fairing by induction heat..............................................................................................55
7. Accuracy of hull form..................................................................................................................57

7.1 Principal dimensions accuracy..............................................................................................57
D :
5
7.2 Hull form accuracy...............................................................................................................57

7.3 Ship side markings and other details....................................................................................58
8. Finish conditions..........................................................................................................................59
8.1 Removal of temporary steel..................................................................................................59
8.2 Surface and edge finish standards.........................................................................................60
8.3 General delivery standards of stock hulls.............................................................................61
PART II. ALUMINIUM HULL QUALITY STANDARDS...................................................................63
1. Materials......................................................................................................................................64
1.1 Aluminium ambient conditions............................................................................................64
1.2 Imperfections and defects.....................................................................................................64
1.3 Thickness tolerances.............................................................................................................64
2. Part and assembly accuracy.........................................................................................................65
3. Welding.......................................................................................................................................66
3.1 Aluminium welding..............................................................................................................66
4. Repairs and fairing of deformations............................................................................................67
4.1 Aluminium repairs................................................................................................................67
4.2 Fairing of aluminium............................................................................................................67
5. Finish conditions..........................................................................................................................68
PART III. COMPOSITE HULL QUALITY STANDARDS...................................................................69
1. Materials......................................................................................................................................70
1.1 Fiber materials......................................................................................................................70
1.2 Bonding matrix materials.....................................................................................................70
2. Molds and plugs...........................................................................................................................71
3. Laminating and core bonding......................................................................................................72
4. Finishing and acceptance of part.................................................................................................73
4.1 Fairing of composites...........................................................................................................73
4.2 Composite surface conditions...............................................................................................73
5. Assembly and fixing of composite parts......................................................................................74
5.1 Assembly of composite parts................................................................................................74
5.2 Fixing of composite materials...............................................................................................74
D :
6
List of abbreviations
ABS American Bureau of Shipping

ASTM American Society of the International Association for Testing and Materials
Class. Classification Society
DAT Damen Acceptance Test
DFT Dry Film Thickness
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Standard)
DSGo Damen Shipyard Gorinchem
DSQS Damen Shipbuilding Quality Standards
DTC Damen Technical Cooperation
EN European Norm
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
GT Gross Tonnage
HAT Harbor Acceptance Test
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Handbooks (HB) Damen Standard Handbooks
IACS International Association of Classification Societies
ISO International Standards Organization
NEN Nederlandse Norm (Dutch Standard)
NDE/NDT Non-Destructive Examination/Testing
NDFT Nominal Dry Film Thickness
PM Project Manager
PSPC Performance Standard for Protective Coatings
r Radius
Rz Surface roughness depth (Mean value of five Rzi-values)
Rzi Maximum height of the roughness profile
Rzmax Surface roughness depth (Mean value of five Rmax-values)
SAT Sea Acceptance Test
SSPC Steel Structures Painting Council
UR Unified Requirements
WPS Welding Procedure Specification
WPQR Welder Performance Qualification Record
D :
7
PART I. STEEL HULL
QUALITY STANDARDS
D :
8
1. Materials
(IACS 47 norms)
1.1 General
In this section the standard steel material conditions and requirements are stated.
1.1.1 Steel material conditions
Steel materials can be received untreated, i.e. ‘black steel’ or with shop primer. When received
as black steel, shop primer application will be arranged by the yard (See Part IV, Primary
Surface Preparation). Black steel contains mill scale on surface, which will cause lesser quality
welds and bad paint quality, and must be prevented.
Steel being assembled to a steel hull is to be with shop primer.
1.1.2 Material requirements
All materials, including weld consumables, to be used for the structural members are to be
approved by the Classification Society as per the approved construction drawings and meet the
respective IACS Unified Requirements. Additional recommendations are contained in the
following paragraphs.
All materials used should be manufactured at a works approved by the Classification Society
for the type and grade supplied.
Plate bending/shaping is preferably done by hydraulic press. Heating is possible, but should
never exceed 600°C, i.e. a black heat (IACS) . Since water can be used for cooling to shape
the steel, adding more heat will reduce the material properties of the steel when cooling down
with water. (Require concurrence of Engineering/Research/Class)
1.2 Steel plate imperfections and defects

All materials have to be in conformity with the requirement of the Classification Society (Class.) as laid down
in their rules. This means that materials must be new and defect materials have to be replaced or repaired in
accordance to the Rules.
1.2.1 Definitions
Minor Imperfections:
Pitting, rolled-in scale, indentations, roll marks, scratches and grooves
Defects:
Cracks, shells, sand patches, sharp edged seams and minor imperfections not exceeding the limits of table 1 in
case that the sum of the influenced area exceeds 5% of the total surface in question
Depth of Imperfections or defects:
The depth is to be measured from the surface of the product.
1.2.2 Imperfections
Minor imperfections, in accordance with the limits described in Table 1, are permissible and may be left as
they are.
D :
9
Table 1: Limits for depth of minor imperfection, for acceptance without remedies (IACS 47)
Imperfection surface area Ratio (%) 15 - 20% 5 - 15% 0 - 5%

t < 20 mm 0.2 mm 0.4 mm 0.5 mm
20 mm < t < 50 mm 0.2 mm 0.6 mm 0.7 mm
50 mm< t 0.2 mm 0.7 mm 0.9 mm
Imperfection surface area Ratio (%) is obtained as influenced area / area under consideration (i.e. plate
surface area) x 100%.
For isolated surface discontinuities, influenced area is obtained by drawing a continuous line which
follows the circumference of the discontinuity at a distance of 20 mm. (Figure 1)
For surface discontinuities appearing in a cluster, influenced area is obtained by drawing a continuous line
which follows the circumference of the cluster at a distance of 20 mm. (Figure 2)
Figure 1: Determination of the area influenced by an isolated discontinuity (EN 10163)
Figure 2: Determination of the area influenced by clustered discontinuities (EN 10163)
D :
10
1.2.3 Defects
The limits of depth and extent of discontinuities on plate surfaces, in relation to plate thickness are
shown in Table 2 and associated notes.
Table 2: Limits of Surface Discontinuities (EN 10163)
Nominal Thickness of plate Maximal Permissible Depth of Defect (mm)

(mm) Area affected ≥ 95% of surface Area affected < 5% of surface
t<8 0.2 0.3
8 < t < 25 0.3 0.4
25 < t < 40 0.4 0.5
t > 40 0.5 0.7
NOTES
1. Defects are to be measured after shot blasting (in case of black steel plates and profiles) or
grit blasting (in case of damaged shop primer on plates and profiles).
2. The depth of the deepest imperfection is to be considered.
3. Discontinuities not exceeding the limits shown above need not be repaired.
4. Where the depth of the discontinuity reduces the material thickness to below the rolling tolerance,
mentioned in the Classification Society Ship Rules, the values in column 2 and 3 will be accepted
provided the areas involved do not exceed 15% and 2% respectively, of the plate surface.
5. Discontinuities exceeding the above limits are to be repaired.
6. Crack-like discontinuities shall always be repaired irrespective of their depth.
D :
11
1.2.4 Defect remedials

(EN 10163)
Repair of defects may be carried out by grinding only or by chipping or grinding and welding.
Repairs by grinding will only be acceptable if the plate thickness is not reduced by more than
the maximal permissible depth which is indicated in table 2 at < 5% of affected surface area.
When the limits in table 2 are exceeded, repairs are to be carried out by grinding or chipping
followed by welding.
Where the depth of the deepest imperfection exceeds 20% of the nominal thickness, or the
total surface area to be repaired by welding exceeds 2% of the plate surface area on one side,
the plate has to be rejected.
Complete removal of the defects is to be verified by suitable non-destructive testing

techniques and after welding the repair is to prove free from further defects.
Great care is to be taken in the repair of defects on higher tensile steel materials. Low
hydrogen electrodes of matching strength should be used and preheating should generally be
considered.
Surface defects on plates of profiles always have to be discussed with the surveyor of the
Classification Society.
Insert plates in bottom-, shell, deck plating and in deckhouse/wheelhouse are not permitted.
Special consideration will be given to the use of insert plates only after con-sultation of
Damen Shipyards Gorinchem (DSGo) Project Manager (PM) and/or QC Surveyor.
D :
12
1.2.5 Lamination
Investigation to be carried out at the steelmill into the cause and extent of the detected
laminations.
Plates in which laminations have been detected or are suspected are to be subjected to
ultrasonic testing in order to determine accurately the full extent of the laminations before
corrective action is taken.
Complete removal of the defect is to be verified by suitable non-destructive testing techniques,

and is to be proved free from further defects.
Plate laminations have always to be discussed with the surveyor of the Classification Society.
Insert plates in bottom-, shell, deck plating and in deckhouse/wheelhouse are not permitted.
Special consideration will be given to the use of insert plates only after consultation of Damen
Shipyards Gorinchem (PM department and/or Damen QC Surveyor).
Severe lamination is to be remedied by local insert plates. The minimum breadth or length of
the plate to be replaced is to be:
Insert plates for lamination repairs:

• 1600 mm for shell and strength deck plating in way of cruciform or T-joints,
• 800 mm for shell, strength deck plating and other primary members,
• 300 mm for other structural members.
Local limited lamination may be remedied by chipping and/or grinding followed by welding
in accordance with sketch (a). In case where the local limited lamination is near the plate
surface, the remedial may be carried out as shown in sketch (b).
(a) (b)
D :
13
1.3 Steel plate thickness tolerances

The plate thickness tolerances may be not more than given in the table here below:
Table 3: Plate thickness tolerances (EN 10029; URW28)
Nominal plate thickness Max. tolerances
t < 8 mm - 0.4 mm
8 ≤ t < 15 mm - 0.5 mm
15 ≤ t < 25 mm - 0.6 mm
25 ≤ t < 40 mm - 0.8 mm
40 mm ≥ t - 1.0 mm
1.4 Edge conditions after gas cutting

Wherever possible gas cutting of plate edges should be carried out with machine controlled
equipment. Edges which are to be incorporated in a welded joint should be examined for irregularities
compared to the drawing line, which may interfere with the achievement of a weld of an acceptable
standard.
The depths of imperfections of gas cut edges are generally not to exceed the values shown in the
following table. When these values are exceeded the defective surfaces are to be dressed by grinding.
Table 4: Plate edge imperfections (DSGo norms)
Position Item Standard depth (≥95%) Limit depth (≤5%)

Free Strength Members 0.15 mm 0.3 mm
Edg Others 0.3 mm 0.5 mm
e
Weldin Strength Members 0.3 mm 0.5 mm
g Others 0.5 mm 0.8 mm
Edge
Note: For edge tolerances of cut pieces ISO 9013 may be used as reference
D :
14
Table 5: Profile edge imperfections before assembly (NEN 2140 norms)
Item Position Limit depth
Welding 0.8 mm
Profile edge
imperfections
Overlap 5 mm
All irregularities in plate edges such as serration or "stops and starts" due to erratic gas flow,
are to be welded and ground smooth.
Flame cutting slag and burrs are generally removed. Burrs caused by roller or guillotine
shears are to be ground smooth.
D :
15
2. Line marking accuracy
Item Range Limit (q) Remarks
For ≤ ±1 mm
Line Else redraw
marking line
5m For ±1 mm
straightness marking
> 5m
2.1 Cutting line marking
Item Range Limit (q) Remarks
Edge
Else redraw
line ±1 mm
line
marking
marking
Angle
Else redraw
line ±1 mm
line
marking
marking
Note: Norms may be programmed and calibrated into the automated cutting and marking machine system.
D :
16
2.2 Fitting line marking
Item Range Limit Remarks

(q)
Fitting marking
lines for
construction Dependent
parts assembly construction
on plate field parts Else
compared to ±1 mm redraw line
reference line Independent marking
(e.g. center construction
line etc.) parts
Fitting
marking lines
for Else
±1 mm
construction redraw line
parts assembly marking
on panels
Fitting
marking line
for Else
±1 mm
construction redraw line
parts assembly marking
on sections
Note: Tolerances are assumed to be measured locally. Accumulation of errors result in bigger errors and
must be prevented.
D :
17
3. Fabrication of parts
3.1 Flanged profiles and brackets
Item Standard (≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks
Breadth (a) of
±1.5 mm ±2.5 mm
flange compared
to correct size
Angle of
flange on web ±1.5 mm ±2.5 mm per 100 mm
compared to of a
template
Straightness of
plane in web ±5 mm ±12.5 mm per 10 m
or flange
D :
18
3.2 Corrugated parts
Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks

Material
to be
suitable
Mechanical for cold
bending R ≥ 3t mm 1t mm forming
and
welding in
way of
radius
Depth of
corrugation ±1.5 mm ±3 mm
Breadth of
corrugation ±1.5 mm ±3 mm
h: ±2.5 mm
h: ±1.25 mm
When not
Pitch and
When not aligned
depth of
aligned with with other
corrugated
other bulkheads: bulkheads:
part
P: ±3 mm P : ±4.5
compared
mm
to correct
value When aligned
with other When
bulkheads: aligned
P : ±1 mm with other
bulkheads:
P : ±1.5
mm
D :
19
3.3 Built up parts and deformation norms
Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

)
Frames and
per 100 mm
longitudinals ±0.75 mm ±1.5 mm
of a
Distortion of
d ≤ 1.5 + d ≤ 2.5 +
face plate
a/100 a/100 mm
mm
Distortion
per 10 m
in plane of ±5 mm ±12.5 mm
in length
part
D :
20
3.4 Pillars, brackets and profiles
Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks
Pillar (between
decks) 2 mm 3 mm
Cylindrical
structure
diameter ±D/200 mm ±D/150 mm
(pillars, max 2.5 max 3.75
masts, posts mm mm
etc.)
Ovality
dmax – dmin ≤
of
cylindrica 0.01 * dmax
l
structure
Bracket
distortion at
free edge a ≤ t/4 mm t/2 mm
D :
21
3.5 Formed parts
Curved shell Correc-

plates at place tions to be
of frames t ≤ 20mm; q≤2 discussed
compared to with
mold/template t >20mm; mm q ≤ DSGo PM
and/or QC
3 mm
Correc-
tions to be
Overlappin C±5 discussed
g plate with
mm x + DSGo PM
and/or
3 mm QCr
Length ≤
4000 mm;
(B or H) q≤
≤ 1.5
150mm: mm/m
(B or H)
150 - q≤
250 1.25 Correc-
Transversely mm: mm/m tions to be
and (B or H)
discussed
longitudinally > q≤1 with
curved profile 250mm: mm/m DSGo PM
and/or QC
Length >
4000 mm;
(B or H) q ≤ 6
≤
150mm: mm q ≤
(B or H)
150 - 250 5 mm q
mm:
(B or H) ≤ 4 mm
>
250 mm:
D :
22
4. Assembly measurement accuracy

Assembly accuracy
4.1 Panel accuracy
Length, L, B and
±1 mm/m
breadth and C length
squareness of <
main panel 8.0 m ±8 mm Corrections
(stiffened length ≥ to be
plate-field) 8.0 m discussed
with DSGo
(a is Squareness ±3 mm PM and/or
reference line ±3 mm QC
L1-L2
e.g. center L3- ±3 mm
line) ±3 mm
L4
B1-
C1
B2-
C2
Location of
internal q ≤ 0.5 t
structural t<8
mm Correction:
members realignment
compared to mm t ≥
q ≤ 4 mm
reference line
8 mm
D :
23

length
q = ±1
< 0.5 m
mm/m
q1 =
±1
Squareness
mm/m
of profiles ≥ 0.5, <
etc. 1.0 Correction:
m q = ±1 realignment
compared to
mm/m
plate-field
q1 = ±
5
mm
≥ 1.0 m
q=±5
mm
length
q = ±1.5
< 6.5 m
Torsion mm/m Correction:
of realignment
≥ 6.5
panel q = ± 10
m
mm
length
q = ±1
< 8.0 m
Curvature of mm/m Correction:
panel realignment
≥ 8.0
q=±8
m
mm
D :
24
4.2 Section accuracy
Height of A and C compared to B; D and Section

F compared to E height
±1
< 1.0 m
mm/m
≥ 1.0 m
±10 mm
Corrections
to be
Measurement discussed
of straight with DSGo
section PM and/or
QC
Section Surveyor
Location of reference line markings of width
< 2.5 m q = ±2
top panel (a) compared to reference line mm/m
markings of bottom panel
≥ 2.5 m
q=±5
(a is reference line e.g. center line) mm
Location of reference line markings of

top panel (a) compared to reference line
markings of bottom panel
C3, C4,
L5,
± 3 mm
Measurement L6,
Corrections
of curved L7, to be
section L8 discussed
with DSGo
PM and/or
q = ±2 QC
mm/m Surveyor
Length
< 2.5 m q=±5
mm
≥ 2.5 m
(a is reference line e.g. center line)
D :
25
Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

)
Corrections
to be
Section discussed
with stern with DSGo
frame PM and/or
QC
a: ± 2.5 mm ± 5 mm Surveyor
a: Distance between upper and lower
gudgeon
b: ± 2.5 mm ± 5 mm
b: distance between aft edge of boss and aft
peak bulkhead
c: ± 2.0 mm ± 4 mm
c: deviation of rudder from shaft center line
d: twist of sub-assembly of stern frame d: ± 2.5 mm ± 5 mm
D :
26
5. Welding
Important: Materials containing asbestos particles shall never be used during welding.
5.1 Welding and welder qualifications

(IACS 47 norms)
5.1.1 Welding procedures
Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to approved and
qualified welding procedures (WPS) and with welding consumables approved by the
Classification Society. Welding operations are to be carried out under proper supervision by
the shipbuilder. The working conditions for welding are to be monitored by the Classification
Society in accordance with IACS UR Z23.
Welding procedures are to be qualified (WPQ) in accordance with IACS UR W28 or other
recognized standard accepted by the Classification Society.
5.1.2 Qualification of NDE operators
Personnel performing non-destructive examination for the purpose of assessing quality of

welds in connection with new construction covered by this standard, are to be qualified in
accordance with Classification Society Rules or to a recognized international or national
qualification scheme. Records of operators and their current certificates are to be kept and
made available to the Class Surveyor for inspection.
5.1.3 Welder qualifications
Welders are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the Classification Society or
to a recognized national or international standard. Recognition of other standards is subject to
submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. Subcontractors are to keep records of
welders qualification and, when required, furnish valid approval test certificates.
Welding operators using fully mechanized or fully automatic processes need generally not
pass approval testing provided that the production welds made by the operators are of the
required quality. However, operators are to receive adequate training in setting or
programming and operating the equipment. Records of training and operation experience shall
be maintained on individual operator’s files and records, and be made available to the
Classification Society for inspection when requested.
Welding workshops may be certified according to recognized standard (e.g. ISO 3834); at least
they shall comply with Class (IACS member) welding procedure requirements.
Welding equipment must be well and timely maintained.
Equipment and weld materials certificates must be available.
D :
27
5.2 Steel welding ambient conditions
(IACS 47)
5.2.1 Welding in cold weather, wind and rain

For welding at low temperatures ( below + 5C ), irrespective of welding procedure used, additional
precautions are to be taken in order to avoid the unfavorable effects of low temperature on welded joints
(brittleness, hardening = susceptible to cracks, occurrence of defects such as pinholes and slag inclusions
due to quick cooling and solidifying of weld seams) as follows:
a) Protection / sheltering of area to be welded against bad weather conditions (wind, moisture, air
currents, etc.);
b) Drying of joint edges to be welded in order to get them free from rain, moisture, condense;
c) Preheating of joint edges to be welded with the purpose to decrease the weld seam cooling rate
after welding. Range of heating area min 75mm from weld point;
d) Weld seam protecting (after welding) with thermo-insulating mats to avoid sudden cooling of
weld seam during their execution.
Welding may be performed up to minimum temperature of –10C taking the precautions

referred to.
Preheating, where necessary, is to be performed slowly and evenly to a minimum temperature

of 20C. This can be done with oxy-gas flame or other methods.
Remark: This level of preheat is to be applied unless the approved welding procedure specifies a higher
level. (Based on IACS no.47, Part A, rev.3 – nov. 2006, item 6.12 )
D :
28
Compulsory limits of these measures, depending on area where the welding is being performed, work
importance, steel type, as well as values of low environment temperatures, for which indicated
precautions should be applied are indicated in the following table:
Additional precautions
Covering
Base metal Providing
Joint by
Welding Role of needed Protection
Edge Joint Thermo-
location structure preheating against Bad
Drying to Edge insulating
[C] Weather
Avoid Preheating Mats of
Conditions
Condense Welded
Joints
(+5) ÷ 0 + + + -
Important /
Outdoor 0 ÷ (-5) + + + -
MS and
(buildin (-5) ÷ (- + + + +
HTS
g 10)
slipway, (+5) ÷ 0 + - - -
dry-dock) Less important 0 ÷ (-5) + + - -
(-5) ÷ (- + + + -
10)
(+5) ÷ 0 - + + -
Important / HTS 0 ÷ (-5) - + + +
Indoor
(-5) ÷ (-10) - + + +
(workshop,
(+5) ÷ 0 - - - -
outdoor in
Important / MS 0 ÷ (-5) - + - -
closed
(-5) ÷ (-10) - + + +
rooms
(+5) ÷ 0 - - - -
only)
Less important (0) ÷ (-5) - - - -
(-5) ÷ (- - + + -
10)
(Based on IACS no.47, Part A, rev.3 – nov. 2006, item 6.12 )
“ + ” = Compulsory Important: Structure participating to the vessel’s hull girder.
“ – “ = Not necessary Less important: Structure not participating to the vessel’s hull girder.
5.2.2 Consumable storage and handling

(DSGo/DSGa norms)
Welding consumables are to be identified against approved list. Consumable storage, handling and
treatment in are to be in accordance with manufacturer's requirements and certificates.
To avoid contamination, damage or undue moisture absorption, electrodes must be stored in a clean and
dry place, e.g. drying cabinets or portable dry tubes for welders. The various types of electrodes require
different moisture content control.
For drying, re-drying and moisture control follow the instruction as mentioned on the documentation or
packs of the electrodes.
D :
29
5.3 Distance between welds

(IACS 47)
Butt weld to butt weld
e ≥ 0; optional if
measures have been taken
for a satisfactory welding
of
the butt welds
e  300 for cut outs
e  150 for margin plates
Butt weld to web connection
e > 30 + 2 S if fillet weld is welded first e > 5 (measured from toe of fillet weld to toe of
butt weld) for strength members
(measured from toe of fillet weld to toe of
butt weld)
e > 10 if butt weld is welded first
The hole should only be subsequently cut if
Local exceptions are permissible, in the there is no detrimentation to the structural part
case of acute angular crossing (flame rills, renewed heat influence etc.)
stiffeners
D :
30
Minimum butt weld to plate end/connection
5.4 Weld joints preparation
5.4.1 General
The edges of the parts must be prepared as specified and should be clean without burrs and
cutting slag, and free from grease or paint, except for protective shop primers.
The joint should not be wet.
Tack welds should not be too thick and the position is such that when carrying out the weld it
is certain that they can be effectively re-melted.
Before performing the welding, all tack welds are in a good condition and free of slag. Bad
and broken tack welds have to be removed before welding.
Whenever practicable weld joint configuration should be arranged so that all major portions of
the weld are deposited in the down-hand or flat position.
The design and dimensions of the butt joint edge preparation depend on the plate thickness,
welding process, position and technique employed. The examples of joint configuration in the
subsequent tables are intended for guidance purposes.
Limits for gap and root face weld preparations for manual and automatic welding, are given in
next tables. For automatic processes closer tolerances may be necessary, depending on the
characteristics of the welding process, as established through procedure tests.
D :
31
Root gaps for butt and tee joints are to be within the limits specified in the tables. Where these
are exceeded, build-up by welding on the joint surfaces is permitted, by using backing strip if
necessary. Where a backing strip is used, the backing strip is to be removed, the weld back
gouged, and a sealing weld made. Thickness of plates to be butt welded should be limited to a
maximum of 25 mm. Built up edges are to be dressed as required before re-assembly for
welding.
Welding consumables used for the weld build-up should be the same as those specified for
the main weld. If this is not practicable other consumables approved by Classification surveyor
for the materials involved may be employed.
Where weld metal has been deposited on joint surfaces to reduce root gaps to acceptable
dimensions, non-destructive examination of the built up areas is to be carried out before the
joint is welded.
Where welding is to be employed on both sides of a butt joint, unsuitable metal at the root on
the reverse side of the weld is to be removed to sound metal by an classified approved method
before applying subsequent welds runs.
5.4.2 Butt weld edge preparation
Type of weld Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

joint )
Square butt
t ≤ 5 mm
Manual
g ≤ t/2 mm g ≤ 5 mm
welding
Machine
welding g ≤ 1 mm g ≤ 2 mm
(IACS
47)
Single bevel
butt 5 ≤ t < 16 g≤3 g≤5
Manual mm mm R mm R =
welding
=2 mm 5 mm Ɵ
Ɵ = 50° - 70° = 45° -
75° See 5.4.1.7
Machine g≤1 g≤2

welding mm R mm R =
(IACS =2 mm 5 mm Ɵ
47) Ɵ = 50° - 70° = 45° -
75°
D :
32

joint )
Double bevel butt
16 ≤ t < 38 mm g≤3 g ≤ 5
Manual
mm R = mm R =
welding
3 mm 5 mm Ɵ
Ɵ = 50° - 70° = 45° -
75° See 5.4.1.7
g≤2
Machine g≤1
mm R =
welding mm R =
5 mm Ɵ
(IACS 3 mm
= 45° -
47) Ɵ = 50° - 70°
75°
Single Vee butt; one side weld

only t < 16 mm g≤5
Manual g≤3
mm Ɵ =
welding mm Ɵ
40° - 50
= 45°
See 5.4.1.7
Machine g≤2
g≤1
welding mm Ɵ =
mm Ɵ
(IACS 40° - 50
= 45°
47)
Single Vee butt; one side welding

Manual with temporary backing strip g ≤ 3-9 g ≤ 16
welding t < 38 mm mm Ɵ = mm
45° (IACS)
See 5.4.1.7
and
5.4.1.8
Machine g≤2
welding mm Ɵ
= 45°
D :
33

joint )
Single Vee butt; normal welding and back
gouging g ≤ 3 mm
Manual 6 ≤ t < 16 R =2-3
welding mm mm
Ɵ = 50° - 70°
g≤5
mm R ≤ See 5.4.1.7
8 ≤ t < 25 5 mm Ɵ
mm g ≤ 2 = 45° -
Machine
mm 75°
welding
R≥3
mm Ɵ ≥
45°
Manual Double Vee butt; uniform bevels g ≤ 3 mm

welding R =2-3
(t < 38 mm See 5.4.1.7
g≤5
mm) Ɵ = 50° - 70° mm R ≤
Both sides
Machine 5 mm Ɵ
welded in
welding g ≤ 2 = 45° -
flat position
(19 ≤ t < mm R ≥ 75°
38 3 mm Ɵ
mm) ≥ 45°
Double Vee butt; non uniform bevel Max R
16 ≤ t < 38 mm depends on
approved
g≤5 limit of
g≤3
mm h ≤ procedure
Manual mm R ≤
t/3
/Machine 2 mm
welding 6 ≤ h < t/3 mm Overhead
Ɵ ≥ 40° position: a-
combination
a = 45° side first
Ɵ ≥ 45°
- 75°
a = 50° - 70°
See 5.4.1.7
D :
34
5.4.3 Fillet weld edge preparation
Type of weld Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks

joint
Single bevel
Tee 6 ≤ t < 19 g≤3
Manual mm mm Ɵ
welding
≥ 50°
R = 2-3 mm
g≤5
See 5.4.1.7
mm Ɵ
g≤1 ≥ 45°
Machine mm Ɵ R ≤ 5 mm
welding ≥ 45°
R ≥ 3 mm
Double bevel
Tee 19 ≤ t < 38
Manual mm g≤3
welding mm Ɵ
≥ 50°
R = 2-3 mm g≤5
mm Ɵ
≥ 45° See 5.4.1.7
R ≤ 5 mm
g≤1
Machine mm Ɵ
welding ≥ 45°
R ≥ 3 mm
Double “J”
Tee t > 38
g ≤ 1.5 g ≤ 3.5 For t <

Manual mm Ɵ ≥ mm Ɵ ≥ 38 mm
welding 25° 20° use
R ≤ 5 mm R ≤ 7 mm previous
joints
D :
35

joint
Tee
fillet
Point 3 and 4
always in
negotiation Limit: g ≤ 3
g≤2
with the mm
Class. (IACS mm 1:
Surveyor 47) When 3 <g  5 mm:
Leg length to be increased
i.e. Rule leg + (g -3)
2:
Weld against
temporary
backing strip
4 < g ≤ 6 mm g ≤ 16 mm remove strip
and
complete by
back welding
3:
In areas other than WT or
10 < g ≤ 16 OT Boundaries and where
subjected to tensile loading
4:
g > 16 mm
Fit extra strip
D :
36
5.5 Weld alignment details
Abrupt change of section plate thicknesses is to be avoided. When the difference in thickness
exceeds 3 mm the thicker plate to be welded is to be prepared with a taper not exceeding 1 in
4 or a beveled edge to form a welded joint proportioned correspondingly. Only when not
clearly indicated in documentation.
Where stiffening members are attached by fillet welds and cross completely finished butt or
seam welds, these welds are to be made flush in way of the faying surface.
Type of weld joint Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

)
Strength Butt joint

a ≤ 0.15t mm
members
Correction:
a ≤ 3 mm
realignment
Others a ≤ 0.2t mm
t1/3 < a ≤ t1/2

Fillet Correction:
joint Increase fillets
Strength a ≤ t1/3
A and C
members mm
a > t1/2:
realignment
a ≤ t1/3 mm
a ≤ t1/2 Correction:
Others
mm realignment
t1 ≤ t2
D :
37
Type of weld joint Range Limit Remarks
Height
Longitudina a ≤ 0.15
t1 < 20 Correction:
l members t1 mm realignment of
(NEN 2140
mm t2 ≥ flange
norm) a ≤ 3 mm
20 mm
Alignment of corrugated parts

Section A-
Correction:
A t1 < 12 realignment of
plate
a ≤ 0.5 t1 mm
mm t2 ≥ 12
Corrugated mm
parts
(NEN 2140
norm)
a ≤ 6 mm
No correction
Section B-
is required
B
Alignment of flanges
b < 200 a ≤ 0.04b

mm
Longitudina
mm b ≥ Correction:
l members
a ≤ 8 mm realignment of
(NEN 2140
200 mm flange
norm)
Corners to be
cut off (see
detail)
D :
38
Type of weld joint Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks
Longitudinal bracket gap

3 mm < s ≤ 5 mm:
weld leg length to be
increased by the same
amount as increase in
(IACS 47) s ≤ 2 mm s ≤ 3 mm
gap in excess of 3
mm
s > 5 mm
realignment
Corrections:
Transverse bracket gap
1:
3 < s ≤ 5 mm Increase
weld throat as much as
gap
2:
5 < s ≤ 10 mm
(IACS 47) s ≤ 2 mm s ≤ 3 mm
Bevel 30°-45° and
build up by welding
3: s > 10 mm
Fit collar plate
after cutting nib 50
mm
l = (2s + 25) mm, min.
50 mm
Position of scallop
Compared
d ≥ 75 mm
to profile
When d < 75 mm
web plate to be cut
between scallop and slot,
and collar plate to be
fitted
D :
39
Type of weld joint Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

)
3<s≤5
Weld throat
thickness to be
increased
by one weld bead or 2㎜
5 < s ≤ 10
Nib to be
chamfered and built
Gap around profile cut-out
up by
welding
When s > 10 mm
Cut off nib and fit collar

s ≤ 3 mm plate of same height
as nib
Slot welding
Note: Further content to be completed in future update.
(DSGo drawing 500000-100-850-G/500000-100-851-F)
Standard Limit
Type of weld Remarks
(≥95%) (≤5%)
joint
Slot
welding
Slots are not to be wholly filled by welding, since

cracks may appear due to heat stresses. Cracks in
welds are never permitted.
D :
40
5.6 Weld quality
5.6.1 General
Where intermittent welding is used the welding is to be made continuous in way of brackets,
lugs and scallops and at the orthogonal connections with other members.
Where structural members pass through the boundary of a tank or W.T. bulkheads, and
leakage into the adjacent space could be hazardous or undesirable, full penetration welding is
to be adopted for the members for at least 150 mm on each side of the boundary. Alternatively
a small scallop of suitable shape may be cut in the member close to the boundary outside the
compartment and carefully welded all around.
It is under no circumstance acceptable to fill a gap between joined components with electrode
wires or steel scrap etc.
Pinholes in continuous welds in tanks, wet spaces, sanitary spaces, bilge parts and on the
outside of the hull are never permitted.
Freshwater tanks, ballast tanks, foam tanks, sewage tanks, chain lockers, air intake channels,
sanitary spaces, wet spaces and all outside structures, must be welded continuously.
Throat thicknesses have to be checked and may never be under the limit as given on the
welding table/list.
In absence of other reference data, steel weld seams may be according to ISO 5817 level C.
5.6.2 Tack weld quality
Tack welds are to be of the same quality as the finished welds, made in accordance with
approved welding procedures. Tack welds must not interfere with or degrade the quality of
final welding.
Minimum recommended tack weld length

Plate and/or profile connections 30 mm
Pipe connections 5 mm
Smaller tack welds may be accepted for steels, provided that the carbon equivalent of the materials being
welded is not greater than 0,36 %. To be discussed with DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor
Tack welds must be clean and free from defects, such as arc strikes, craters etc.
D :
41
5.6.3 Weld shape

A high quality standard of visual appearance of welds to be maintained.
Straightness
Butts and seams should be straight lines. In shaped parts of the hull the seams should be faired lines. The
deviation from straight/faired lines must be within 5% of the welding width.
Regularity
The weld pattern should give a regular view without deep valleys and high peaks.
Surface Roughness of Welds

For maximal permissable surface roughness the following guideline should be taken.
- h max. = 20% x b
- the max. irregularity = 50% x h
- the steepness of the roughness may not be less than + 45°
- no deepness may be under the plate level
D :
42
All welds on outside corners of the hull outside, for example deckhouses, hatches, deck side
plating connections etc. must be ground smooth. That means that no grooves and sharp edges
may be seen.
All welding slags including slags in valleys and spatters have to be removed.

joint )
Correction
h≤6
Butt weld Ɵ ≤ 90° by
mm Ɵ
toe angle ≤ 60° grinding
and
welding
Cracks and
undercuts Correction
Butt weld in welds by
grinding
undercut are never and
permitted welding
D :
43

joint
s ≥ 0.9 Increase leg

Fillet weld and throat by
leg length sdesign a ≥ 0.9 additional
welding
adesign
Correction
Fillet
Ɵ ≤ 90° by grinding
weld toe
and welding
angle
Cracks and
undercuts in
Correction
Fillet welds are
by grinding
weld never
and welding
undercut permitted
D :
44
5.7 Welding sequence
The overall welding sequence should be considered primarily from the point of view of
minimizing distortion and facilitating fabrication.
The welding sequence can be important, especially when thick plates are welded and if
cracking is to be avoided during welding. In small insert pieces, tensile stresses will be built
up within the insert plating.
A welding sequence should be simple and practical.
General welding direction
a b c
Sequence, reverse steps direction
General welding direction and welding sequence
Build up end of
weld and flush even
with plate edges
1. Weld butt between 1. Weld seam between A&B

B&C
to within 300 mm of butt
2. Weld seam
joint
2. Weld butt between B&C
3. Weld butt between A&D
4. Complete welding seam
Welding sequence at intersection of butt and seam
D :
45
1. Weld butt 1
2. Weld seam 2
3. Weld seam 3
Welding sequence for plate butt and adjacent seams
Typical welding sequence for plate butts and seams where butts are staggered
Butts 1 and 2 and seams 3 and 4 previously welded. Continue welding in sequence indicated.
Typical welding sequence for plate butts and seams where butts are in line
D :
46
Welding sequence as indicated
Typical welding sequence for
inserts
Typical welding sequence for a panel
D :
47
Welding sequence (left vertical welding, right horizontal welding) for an egg box double bottom
section
Typical welding sequence for a midship section
D :
48
Midship blocks coupling welding sequence example (OPV 6610)
D :
49
6. Repairs and fairing of deformations

Repairs of damaged materials and fairing of deformations of steel due to heat input by welding.
6.1 Repairs of construction

(NEN 2140)
6.1.1 Repair of plates

Type of Range Limit Remarks
inserts
A≥
Distance
300
butt weld
mm
Insert plates and fillet
general weld at
For
least 100
shell
mm.
plating
A
≥ 1000
mm
A ≥ 300
mm For shell
t ≤ 30 C≥ plating A ≥
mm 300
Insert plate 1000 mm
along plate mm
edge 1), 2), 3)
t > 30 A≥ welding
mm 10t sequence
mm
C≥
10t
mm
A ≥ 300
mm For shell
t ≤ 30 C≥ plating A ≥
mm 300
Insert plate 1000 mm
in centre of mm
plate 1), 2), 3),
t > 30 A≥ 4)
mm 10t welding
mm sequence
C≥
10t
mm
D :
50
Closing of t1 < 10 D≥
hole in main mm 300
construction mm
by insert t1 ≥ 10
plate mm D≥
30t1
mm
D :
51

inserts
Closing of D ≥ 100
t1 < 10
hole in other mm
part (by mm
covering D ≥ 10t1
plate) t1 ≥ 10 mm
mm
D1 < 100
mm
Steel plugs
100 > D2
≥
250 mm
6.1.2 Repair of profiles

Type of Range Limi Remarks
inserts t
D :
52
Inserts in t ≤ 30 L ≥ 300 1), 2), 3), 4)

profiles welding
mm t > mm L ≥ sequence
30 mm 10t mm
D :
53
6.1.3 Repair of brackets

NEN 2140 norms

inserts
Inserts in b > 800 a≥

brackets mm 300
mm
D :
54
6.2 Local deformations
6.2.1 General deviations from the theoretical lines (except for Tugs and High Speed
Craft Product Groups)
Item Standard (>95%) Limit (<5%) Remarks

Shell plate Parallel part (side 4 mm
& bottom shell)
Fore and aft part 5 mm
Tank top plate 4 mm

8 mm
Bulkhead Longitudinal 6 mm
bulkhead
Transversal
bulkhead
Swash bulkhead
Strength deck Parallel part 4 mm 8 mm
Fore and aft part 6 mm 9 mm
Covered part 7 mm 9 mm
Second deck Bare part 6 mm 8 mm
Forecastle deck Bare part 4 mm 8 mm

poop deck
Superstructure Bare part 4 mm 6 mm

deck
House wall Outside wall 4 mm 6 mm
Inside wall 6 mm 8 mm
Interior member (web of girder, etc.) 5 mm 7 mm
Floor and girder in double bottom 5 mm 7 mm
D :
55
Notes:
1. Accommodation, non-accommodation walls and decks sheathed or insulated on both faces are not
faired.
2. The values of “bulge depth” and “seam sag” between frames must not be added. The larger
value shall be applied.
3. Sharp – edged deformations due to transport or similar external influences are not under the
provisions of this chapter and should be handled according to special arrangements.
4. Smaller values may possibly become necessary for strength or for a sufficient water drainage.
5. Deformations are always subject to inspection and acceptance by DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor!
6.2.2 Fairness of plating with frames (except for Tugs and High Speed Craft Product Groups)
Item Standard (>95%) Limit (<5%) Remarks
Parallel part ± 2L / 1000 mm ± 3L / 1000 mm
Shell plate
Fore and aft part ± 3L / 1000 mm ± 4L / 1000 mm
L = span of
Strength deck frame To be
(excluding cross measured
deck) and top plate of ± 3L / 1000 mm ± 4L / 1000 mm
between on trans. space
double bottom (min. L = 3m)
Bulkhead ± 4L / 1000 mm ± 5L / 1000 mm
Others ± 5L / 1000 mm ± 6L / 1000 mm
L
(m)
L = span of frame
( minimum L = 3m )
δ
To be measured between one trans. space.
6.2.3 Deviations from the theoretical lines for Tugs and High Speed Craft Product Groups
D :
56
Group Area t. max by frame distance 650 mm

(≥95%) (≤5%)
Bottom plating 2 mm 4 mm
Shell plating 2 mm 3 mm
Strength decks and tweendecks 2 mm 3 mm
Superstructure outside Free areas 2 mm 4 mm
walls/decks Covered areas 2 mm 3 mm
Bulkheads Superstructure Free areas 2 mm 4 mm
Covered areas 2 mm 3 mm
bulkheads Double Free areas 2 mm 4 mm
bottom/tanktop Free areas 2 mm 4 mm
Double bottom floors Free areas 2 mm 5 mm
tmax should be proportionally calculated for different frame distances, for example frame distance 800
mm for bottom plating deviations. 650/4= 800/t = t=4x800/650 = 5 mm
Note:
Deviations exceeding the permissible values as shown, in the table are again faired within admissible
dimension. Smaller values may possibly become necessary for strength or for a sufficient water
drainage.
Note: Straightness depends per Product Group. Deformations are always subject to inspection and
approval by DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor!
6.2.4 Seam/butt sag.
tmax = < 4 mm
D :
57
6.2.5 Deformations
tmax = < 4 mm for D = 1000 mm
t should be proportionally calculated for different frame distances.
Note: Smaller values may possibly become necessary for strength or for a sufficient water drainage.
Deformation in door openings, door frames, hatch openings, hatch coamings, is not permitted.
6.3 Fairing
The text below containts flame and induction heat fairing for steel constructions.
6.3.1 Fairing by flame heat
Panels with deformations exceeding the permissible values are to be faired by local heating.
Amount of heating depends on material.
When flame straightening is employed for fairing purposes the local heating of the mild steel
should not exceed a temperature of 900°C, i.e. a visible ‘red heat’. Only air cooling of the
heated material is allowed (IACS 47). This means that water may never be used for cooling
from 900°C.
In order to reduce the time involved in the cooling process, water cooling is permitted
provided the temperature of the heated zone is allowed to cool back to below 600°C, i.e.
‘black heat’ before water is applied (IACS 47).
It is essential to ensure that the above stated temperatures are not exceeded and, in this
respect the heating and cooling operations carried out in the fairing of deformed plate
materials are to be strictly controlled and carried out by qualified and experienced
people.
Fairing by fitting extra materials is in principle not allowed, but in essential cases when there
are no other possibilities it has to be agreed by Damen. Fairing by fitting of extra stiffeners is
to be applied when it is obvious that fairing by local heating will worsen the situation,
(especially when plates / members of small thickness are involved) by magnifying of
deformations, by propagation of deformations to adjacent areas or by damage of the visual
appearance. (DSGa norms)
6.3.2 Fairing by induction heat

Flame straightening of weld-induced distortions in decks and bulkheads is a slow, skilled and costly task.
Using induction for straightening means getting the right heat at the right place. No gas flame to emit
D :
58
dangerous fumes or burn the skin. Induction heating can reach the Curie temperature for magnetic steel in
about four seconds, but unlike during flame heating, pre-set parameters minimizes the risk of this
overheating.
Induction heating can reduce deck and bulkhead straightening times by as much as 80 per cent compared
to alternative methods. Induction straightening is better at preserving metallurgical properties due to heat
control. It is amongst the safest, healthiest, most environmentally friendly straightening method available.
D :
59
7. Accuracy of hull form

The text below currently contains the accuracy control for now Steel constructions only. Aluminium and
Composite norms will be included in future updates.
7.1 Principal dimensions accuracy
Item Standard (≥95%) Limit(≤5%)

Length over all (L) + 1 mm per meter length
Width over all (B) + 1 mm per meter width
Depth (D) + 1 mm per meter depth
Cargo holds/cargo hatch For tolerances on dimensions,
coamings see construction drawings
7.2 Hull form accuracy
Type of deformation Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

)
Deviation
±1 mm/m to be
Flatness of measured
keel L > 25m from
±25 mm design
keel line
Deformation
for the
distance
between ±7.5 mm
two
adjacent
bulkheads
Deviation
to be
Cocking up measured
±15 mm from
of fore
body design
keel line
D :
60
Type of deformation Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks
Deviation to
Cocking be measured
±10 mm from design
up of aft
body keel line
Deviation to
Rise of be measured
±7.5 mm from design
floor
amidships line
Note: Hull forms are always subject to inspection and approval of Damen PM and/or QC Surveyor.
7.3 Ship side markings and other details
Draught marks are marked off above bottom of keel.
Marking accuracy must be checked by the Classification Society surveyor and DSGo PM
and/or QC Surveyor before welding.
Bottom of keel shall be an averaged ideal line; ends indicating substantial deviations are to be
neglected when averaging.
Report of actual keel line and draught marks signed by surveyors of Classification Society,
DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor and, if applicable, the builder's representative to be submitted.
Items Standard (≥95%) Limit(≤5%)

Draft marks ±1 mm ±2 mm
Freeboard marks ±0.5 mm ±2 mm
D :
61
8. Finish conditions
Hull and Superstructure finishing conditions before painting preparation.
8.1 Removal of temporary steel
Temporary steel should be removed after its use and tack welds to be ground smooth.
Removal of temporary steel should be done by cutting (e.g. power tools or flame cutting) and
ground smooth. Removal by using a hammer and force is to be prevented.
Sharp broken tack welds must be ground and/or welded smooth.
Possible defect in base material is filled by welding and ground smooth.
The plate/profile thickness of a repaired surface may never be less than the original thickness.
In tanks where special coatings be applied, or fresh water tanks, ballast tanks, foam tanks etc.
steel damages must be grounded smooth.
In non-obstructing areas as oil tanks, bunkers and cargo tanks, damages in base materials is
filled by welding, in this case grinding is not necessary.
Note: this is not the case for ballast tanks!
D :
62
8.2 Surface and edge finish standards

Sharp edges on the steel construction may cause bad paint adhesion or cracks in the paint. Especially in
critical areas, which are regularly in contact with water, this may cause corrosion problems. Therefore free
sharp edges must be rounded, preferably before assembly. Rounding can be done by three-pass grinding,
by special edge rounding discs.
Area type Edge finish standards

Normal areas Edges must be rounded. Rounding to r > 1 mm, unless otherwise specified.
r = radius of edge Always subject to inspection by DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor.
Special painting areas Edges must be rounded. Rounding to r ≥ 2 mm, unless otherwise specified.
(e.g. PSPC) Always subject to inspection by DSGo PM and/or QC Surveyor.
r = radius of edge
Detail Measure
A. To be rounded. See 8.2 to which standard

A
Sharp edge
B. Rolled steel sections normally have radiused edges.
B Therefore can be left untreated.
Free gas/plasma cut edges Imperfection of gas/plasma cut edges which are sufficiently
Remove loose spatter observed before grit- blasting

A
Weld spatter
α For spatter not easily removable, grind the sharp angle of sp
B
Lamination To be removed by grinding
Undercut Undercuts
are never accepted and have to be repaired
Manual weld bead

Sharp profile peaks are to be smoothened
D :
63
All irregularities in plate edges such as serration or "stops and starts" due to erratic gas flow,
are to be welded and grounded smooth.
8.3 General delivery standards of stock hulls

In view of a longer period during which the Hull eventually will be kept in stock, the following should be
given special consideration:
All parts that can collect any volume of water must have adequate means of drainage or
provided with blind flanges and gaskets.
If applicable and practical some parts may, in view of the above be delivered "loose"
according Damen drawings.
All parts delivered loose on board should be well founded to the Hull structure in such a
way that appropriate sweep blasting and painting on those parts remains possible, also in a
later stage.
Window openings must be weather tight closed.
Toggles with eyenuts should be secured by damaging the last (+) 2 mm of thread by
hammering.
All moving parts, such as hinges, toggles, etc. should be thoroughly greased before transport of
the Hull is undertaken.
Damen hull numbers to be provided in white-painted characters height approx. 240 mm on the
forecastle bulwark at both sides.
After arrival the Hull should be cleaned and well dried before final acceptance by Damen can
take place.
D :
64
D :
65
PART II. ALUMINIUM HULL
QUALITY STANDARDS
D :
66
1. Materials
Content is extended in next revision.
1.1 Aluminium ambient conditions
Hulls and deckhouses should be built in a closed and covered ship building hall.
Aluminium materials may only be processed in halls/spaces where no other metals (i.e. steel)
are being processed.
Plate bending/shaping should be done only by hydraulic press.
1.2 Imperfections and defects
All materials have to be in conformity with the requirement of the Classification Society as
laid down in their Rules.
Materials should be new and should be free of surface defects such as pitting, scratches and
grooves etc.
1.3 Thickness tolerances
The plate thickness tolerances may be not more than given in the table here below (DIN 1783):
Nominal plate thickness Max. tolerances

t = 3 mm 0,22 mm
t = 4 mm 0,27 mm
t = 5 mm 0,30 mm
t = 6 mm 0,35 mm
t = 8 mm 0,40 mm
t = 10 mm 0,42 mm
t = 12 mm 0,45 mm
t = 15 mm 0,48 mm
t = 20 mm 0,52 mm
t = 25 mm 0,56 mm
t = 30 mm 0,60 mm
t = 40 mm 0,65 mm
t = 50 mm 0,70 mm
D :
67
2. Part and assembly accuracy

Content is filled in next revision.
D :
68
3. Welding
3.1 Aluminium welding

Content to be completed in future update.
In absence of other reference data, Aluminium weld seams may be according to ISO 10042.
Aluminium welding may only take place in closed, covered areas at +5 degrees C or more.
Welding seams in longitudinal framing have to be avoided as much as possible. Extension of

longitudinal framing less than 1 meter needs to be approved by the DSGo PM and/or QC
Surveyor.
Special attention should be paid to the welding sequence. The overall welding sequence should
be considered primarily from the point of view of minimizing distortion and facilitating
fabrication.
D :
69
4. Repairs and fairing of deformations

Content is extended in next edition.
4.1 Aluminium repairs

4.2 Fairing of aluminium
Deviation in plate panels may be not more than 2 mm in 95 % of the plate surfaces, in 5 % the
deviation may be between 2 and 4 mm, depending on the places.
Above mentioned figures are deviations from theoretical lines (see sketch) calculated with frame distance
650 mm. Deviations for different frame distances should be proportionally calculated;
Deformations in door openings, door frames, hatch openings, and hatch coamings are not
permitted (if not otherwise mentioned on drawings).
Fairing by fitting of extra materials is in principle not allowed.
D :
70
5. Finish conditions
D :
71
PART III. COMPOSITE
HULL QUALITY
STANDARDS
D :
72
1. Materials
Content is to be extended in next revision.
1.1 Fiber materials

1.2 Bonding matrix materials

D :
73
2. Molds and plugs

D :
74
3. Laminating and core bonding

D :
75
4. Finishing and acceptance of part

4.1 Fairing of composites

4.2 Composite surface conditions

D :
76
5. Assembly and fixing of composite parts

5.1 Assembly of composite parts

5.2 Fixing of composite materials

D :

Damen Shipbuilding Quality Standards - VOLUME I (Hull Quality Standards)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Damen Shipbuilding Quality Standards - VOLUME I (Hull Quality Standards)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHIPBUILDING QUALITY STANDARDS

VOL I HULL QUALITY STANDARDS

Version Date Revision description Prepared by Checked by Approved by

The DSQS manual consists of the following volumes:

PART I. STEEL HULL QUALITY STANDARDS..................................................................................7

5.1 Welding and welder qualifications........................................................................................26

5.1.1 Welding procedures......................................................................................................26

7. Accuracy of hull form..................................................................................................................57

7.2 Hull form accuracy...............................................................................................................57

ABS American Bureau of Shipping

PART I. STEEL HULL

1.1.1 Steel material conditions

Steel being assembled to a steel hull is to be with shop primer.

1.1.2 Material requirements

1.2 Steel plate imperfections and defects

Imperfection surface area Ratio (%) 15 - 20% 5 - 15% 0 - 5%

Figure 1: Determination of the area influenced by an isolated discontinuity (EN 10163)

Figure 2: Determination of the area influenced by clustered discontinuities (EN 10163)

Table 2: Limits of Surface Discontinuities (EN 10163)

Nominal Thickness of plate Maximal Permissible Depth of Defect (mm)

1.2.4 Defect remedials

Complete removal of the defects is to be verified by suitable non-destructive testing

Complete removal of the defect is to be verified by suitable non-destructive testing techniques,

Insert plates for lamination repairs:

1.3 Steel plate thickness tolerances

1.4 Edge conditions after gas cutting

Table 4: Plate edge imperfections (DSGo norms)

Position Item Standard depth (≥95%) Limit depth (≤5%)

Table 5: Profile edge imperfections before assembly (NEN 2140 norms)

Item Position Limit depth

2. Line marking accuracy

Item Range Limit (q) Remarks

2.1 Cutting line marking

Item Range Limit (q) Remarks

2.2 Fitting line marking

Item Range Limit Remarks

3.1 Flanged profiles and brackets

Item Standard (≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks

3.2 Corrugated parts

Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks

3.3 Built up parts and deformation norms

Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

3.4 Pillars, brackets and profiles

Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5%) Remarks

3.5 Formed parts

Item Range Limit Remarks

Curved shell Correc-

4. Assembly measurement accuracy

4.1 Panel accuracy

Item Range Limit Remarks

Item Range Limit Remarks

4.2 Section accuracy

Item Range Limit Remarks

Height of A and C compared to B; D and Section

Location of reference line markings of

(a is reference line e.g. center line)

Item Standard(≥95%) Limit(≤5% Remarks

d: twist of sub-assembly of stern frame d: ± 2.5 mm ± 5 mm

5.1 Welding and welder qualifications

5.1.1 Welding procedures

5.1.2 Qualification of NDE operators

Personnel performing non-destructive examination for the purpose of assessing quality of

5.1.3 Welder qualifications

Welding equipment must be well and timely maintained.