CHAPTER III

PNP POLICING AND INTER-AGENCY APPROACH WITH SPECIALIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT

AGENCIES

This chapter presents the policing approach and models being used by the PNP in the country towards crime
prevention and solution. It further presents the participation or collaboration of the PNP with local and international law
enforcement agencies as a gesture of inter-agency relations.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this chapter, students are expected to have:
a. Understood the roles of the PNP in crime prevention, solution, public safety and security;
b. Identified and contrasted the different law enforcement agencies and their respective functions;
c. realized, observed, and performed the inter-agency relationship of the PNP to other law enforcement agencies in
the country;
d. Evaluated and analyzed the importance of PNP’s collaboration to local law enforcement agencies and
international bodies; and
e. Appreciated the importance of inter-agency approach in law enforcement and policing.

Lesson 1. The PNPs Crime Prevention Policing & Solution

The PNP is the primary law enforcement agency (LEA) in the country due to the fact that it provides various
services throughout the country [national approach] for the protection of lives and properties, ensuring public safety, and
maintaining peace [law] and order leading towards the attainment of a comfortable and safe place or community to live.

A. Role of PNP in Crime Prevention

Anchored on the concept that law enforcements’ principal objective should be prevention, the PNP has adopted crime
prevention strategies that are responsive to the needs of the community for public safety and security As Sir Robert Peel
theorized, “The police are the people, and the people are the police”. Thus, crime prevention efforts must be a
collaborative effort between the police and the community that it serves.

What is Crime Prevention? It means to prevent the commission of crimes by adopting measures that lead to the early
detection, deterrence or denial of a crime. It involves intensifying police presence and implementing strategies that
remove the opportunities or means in committing crimes. Crime Prevention is a core function of the PNP.

Base Concept of PNP’s Crime Prevention Strategy

Elements [Triad] of a Crime. In the commission of a crime, criminologists and law enforcers are required by law to
prove the presence of 3 elements of a crime. They are:
1. Motive. The reason or intent of an individual to commit a crime.
2. Opportunity. The chance for an individual to commit a crime at a given space and time.
3. Means. The ability of an individual to commit a crime.

In recognizing and identifying these elements, the commission of a crime may be prevented by taking away any l
of the 3 elements. This is the essence of crime prevention activities.”

The PNP CSOP System Component

The PNP CSOP (Community and service oriented policing) System Component shows the triangular approach
and three institutions that shall work together to improve proactive and problem-solving approach by the police, local
chief executives and citizenry in addressing crime and public safety concerns. The Component serves as the Input of the
PNP CSOP Program Development Framework.

B. Role of PNP in Crime Solution. The primary role of the PNP in crime Solution is the conduct of investigation.
Investigation is the collection of facts to accomplish a threefold aim:
1. To identify the suspect;
2. To locate the suspect; and
3. To provide evidence of his guilt.

What is Crime Solution? Crime solution is the act of investigating the crime leading to the prosecution of its
perpetrators. When crime prevention efforts fail to deny the commission of a crime, the police take on its other crucial role
of”solving the crime.”

A crime/case is considered “solved” when:

1. the offender/perpetrator has been identified.
2. the offender/perpetrator has been charged based on evidence.
3. the offender/perpetrator has been taken into custody.
4. the offender/perpetrator has been charged before the prosecutor’s office or court of appropriate jurisdiction.
5. elements beyond police control prevent the arrest of the offender, as when the victim refuses to prosecute or the
death of the offender.
6. arrest of one offender can solve several crimes or offenders may be arrested in the process of solving crime. “
A crime/case is considered cleared” when:
1. at least one of the offenders has been identified.
2. there is sufficient evidence to charge the offender
3. the offender has been charged in court, absent the taking of the offender into police custody.

PNP’s Measures of Efficiency. Police efficiency in solving crime shall be measured through the following:
1. Crime Solution Efficiency (CSE). The percentage of solved cases out of the total number of crime incidents
handled by the police for a given period of time.
2. Crime Clearance Efficiency (CCE). The percentage of cleared cases out of the total number of crime incidents
handled by the police for a given period of time.

C. Crime Reporting of the PNP. It is the act of reporting a crime committed by the victim or concerned citizens to the
police and other similar Law enforcement agencies/institutions. The police unit with the territorial Jurisdiction where
the crime was committed shall have the primary responsibility of recording and reporting the same.
Crime reports are compiled by the PNP and presented in the form of crime statistics which is a mathematical
measure of the level or amount of crime prevalent in a given area at a given time. It usually refers to figures compiled by
the police and similar law enforcement agencies to depict the picture of a crime based on the following:
1. Crime Volume. The number of crime incidents committed in a given area over a period of time which include
index and non-index crimes.
2. Index Crimes. Are crimes which are serious in nature and which occur with sufficient frequency and regularity
such that they serve as an index to the crime situation. These are the crimes of murder, homicide, physical
injuries, carnapping, cattle rustling, robbery, theft, and rape.
3. Non-index Crimes. Are Violations of special laws such as illegal logging or local ordinances.
4. Crime Rate. The number of crime incidents in a given period of time for every 100,000 inhabitants of an area.
5. Average Monthly Crime Rate. Crime rate divided into the number of months in a year. "

Lesson 2, Role of PNP in Public Safety & Security

Public safety and security involve operations geared towards protecting lives and properties, including measures
that will save lives, minimize injuries and establish control structures for rehabilitation of the community.
Public safety and security operations likewise include enforcing appropriate actions on disaster management that
includes natural and man- made disasters including Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives
(CBRNE).

A. Roles in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. The PNP is a member of the National, Regional, City and
Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. As such, it shall perform functions as prescribed by the
council. The PNP's inherent duty for disaster risk reduction and management includes the following:
1. Provision of area security;
2. Search, Rescue and Recovery operations;
3. Evacuation;
4. Assistance in Relief Operations; and
5. Facilitation of Community Rehabilitation efforts.

B. Roles in Public Safety and Security Operations

1. The DILG shall exercise coordination with various government instrumentalities created for purposes of
enhancing peace and order, public safety and security.
2. The President of the Philippines shall be advised on peace and order, public safety and security matters by the
National Peace and Order Council (NPOC) through its chairman- the SILG. The NPOC is composed of various
representatives from different sectors, who by virtue of their assigned missions and functions have a role to
discharge in the overall peace and order, public safety and security effort.
3. The President of the Philippines shall exercise control and supervision over the Philippine National Police thru the
SILG, in a dual capacity as Chairman of the NAPOLCOM and as Head of the Department of Interior and Local
Government. As chairman of NAPOLCOM, he heads the collegial body which exercises administrative control
and supervision or the PNP. As Secretary of the DILG, he is authorized to delegate substantive and administrative
power to any officer of rank in the department.
4. The Chief PNP shall assume direct command responsibility over the PNP. He shall likewise be the principal
police adviser to the President, the National Security Council and the Secretary of DILG.

C. Roles in the Peace and Order Council

The Peace and Order Council is reorganized on the national, regional, provincial, city and municipal levels of
government constituted as follows:

1. The National Peace and Order Council NPOC). It performs the following functions:
a. To contribute to the strategies of the National Security Council that would effectively respond to peace
and order problems
b. To coordinate and monitor peace and order plans;
c. To provide a forum for inter-disciplinary dialogue and deliberation of major issues and problems affecting
peace and order; and
 d. To perform such other duties and functions as the President may direct.
2. The Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC). It is composed of the region's Provincial Governors, the
Mayors of the Highly Urbanized Cities, the Presidents of the Leagues of Municipalities, the regional counterparts
of the departments, offices and agencies, with the Chairman and Vice-Chairman to be appointed by the SILG with
the approval of the President from among the members of the Council. In addition, there shall be one
representative of the Mayors of the Component Cities to be chosen from among themselves.

3. The Provincial Peace and Order Council (PPOC). It is composed of the provincial counterparts of the departments,
offices and agencies, wherever applicable, with the Provincial Governor as Chairman and the Vice Governor as Vice
Chairman. In addition, one representative of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan shall be chosen by it from among its
members.

4. The City or Municipal Peace and Order Council (CPOC or MPOC). It is composed of the city or municipal
counterparts of the departments, offices and agencies, wherever applicable, with the Mayor as Chairman and the Vice
Mayor as Vice Chairman. In addition, there shall be one representative of the Sangguniang Panlungsod or Sangguniang
Bayan, as the case may be, to be chosen by the said Sanggunian from among its members.

Functions of the RPOC, PROC, CPOC and MPOC

1. Provide a forum for dialogue and deliberation of major issues and problems affecting peace and order, including
insurgency;
2. Recommend measures which will improve or enhance peace and order and public safety in their respective areas
of responsibility, including Anti-insurgency measures;
3. Recommend measures to converge and orchestrate internal security operations efforts of civil authorities and
agencies, military and police;
4. Apply moral suasion to and/or recommend sanctions against LCEs who are giving material and political support
to the Communist rebels;
5. Monitor the provision of livelihood and infrastructure development programs and projects in the remote rural and
indigenous population areas adopted to isolate them from the Communist rebels’ “Agitate/Arouse, Organize and
Mobilize” and ideological, political and organization works;
6. Perform all other functions assigned by law, the President or the NPOC.
7. The Civilian Volunteer Organizations (CVOs) shall be managed and supervised by the respective Regional,
Provincial, City or Municipal Directors of the PNP.

Three-tiered Defense System: The PNP’s Strategy on Public Safety and Security Operations

1. Target Hardening- is a deliberate and planned action that makes it difficult for the criminals/terrorists to succeed
in hitting their Targets. Once the potential criminal/terrorist target is identified. Government Agencies, the private
sector as well as the community, must work closely together to create a security umbrella, within the internal and
external environs of the target. If necessary, organizational and individual behavior must be modified to mitigate
the consequences of incident and crisis, and enhance linkages among key players. Target hardening also involves
preparation to minimize waste of lives and property as the consequence of unstoppable incident.

2. Intelligence Monitoring. Intelligence is knowing the threat and identifying its potential targets. The community
through the LGEs must have its own intelligence activities in every village, residential and commercial areas and
elsewhere, making every citizen a vigilant watchperson. It is necessary that suspicious persons. Unusual
movements or incidents and other irregular activities be adequately monitored and reported to authorities.

3. Incident Management- refers to the sequence of actions to be undertaken in case of disaster/disorder/crisis to

mitigate their effects and expedite the return to normalcy. In like manner, this involves partnership among the
Security Forces, LGUs and the Community. The LGEs take the lead role and perform such acts of leadership to
demonstrate control of the situation, care of victims, justice to bear on the suspects, orderly deployment and
employment of resources and facilities and dissemination of correct information and advice on the incident. The
Crisis Manager must take the community out of the "panic and freeze” mode and help the community spring back
to normalcy.

4. Legal offensive. It involves the efficient and well-coordinated conduct of investigation, documentation and
prosecution of all terrorism-related cases. in coordination with the Department of National Defense (DND) Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP), Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Commission on Human Rights (CHR). It
aims to coordinate all government efforts to effectively charge, prosecute and adjudicate terrorism-related cases to
ensure that terrorists are placed behind bars.

Lesson 3. PNP's Inter-Agency Roles to L0cal & International LEA’s

This area presents the specialized l law enforcement agencies (SLEAs) in the country; specialized under the
concept that their enforcement power, duties and functions are limited only to a particular area. However, this topic only
provided their (agencies) law enforcement functions [it did not include history structure, rankings, organizations and
others] and PNP inter-agency relationship to the succeeding SLEAs.
Whatis meant by Inter-Agency? Inter-Agency or Interagency means occurring between or involving two or more
agencies. Similarly, Interagency means involving or representing two or more agencies, especially government agencies.
Interagency, therefore, means collaboration of various agencies working together to accomplish a goal or goals.
Interagency collaboration, no matter the agency, is very important because it allows different people from different
professions and backgrounds to exchange ideas, share information, and work together to solve important issues agencies.

PNPs Complementary Doctrine (Manual). The PNP with regard to Public Safety and Peace and Order, essentially
practices or involves inter-agency collaboration with: the BJMP, BFP. the PPSC. the NBI and other LEAs.
Note: Inter-agency relations of the PNP to other local or international LEAs could be realized in the form enactment of
laws, memorandum of agreement, memorandum of understanding and the like supported by memorandum circulars of the
NAPOLCOM in the case of the PNP.

A. The PNP and Selected LEAs in the Philippines

1. The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

The NBI is a line agency under the Department of Justice and serves as the premier investigative agency of
government. A director heads it and with an assistant director and six (6) deputy directors for -Special Investigation
Services (SIS); Regional Operations Services (ROS); Intelligence Services (IS); Technical Services (TS); Administrative
Services (AS); and Comptroller Services (CS). Its territorial jurisdiction is national in scope, and its power to investigate
cases extends to all municipalities, cities, and provinces of the entire Philippine Archipelago.

Legal Basis of the National Bureau of Investigation

Commonwealth Act No. 181 (November 13, 1936) saw the inception of the National Bureau of Investigation,
called initially Division of Investigation (patterned after the US Federal Bureau of Investigation).
Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947) reorganized the Division of Investigation into the Bureau of Investigation
under the Department of Justice (DOJ).
Executive Order No. 94 (October A, 1949) renamed the Bureau of Investigation to National Bureau of
Investigation, which remained attached to DOJ.
Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of 1987, provided for the organizational
structure and operation of the DOJ and its attached agencies, including the NBI.
Republic Act No. 10867 (June 23, 2016), otherwise known as the "National Bureau of Investigation
Reorganization and Modernization Act."

Powers and Functions of the National Bureau of Investigation

[S-4, R.A. 10867]
1. Undertake investigation and detection of crimes and offenses enumerated under Section 5 hereof;
2. Issue Subpoena for the appearance of any person for investigation or production of documents, through its
officers from the ranks of Regional Director to Director;
3. Act as a national clearinghouse of criminal records and other related information for the benefit of the
government;
4. Render technical assistance to government agencies and instrumentalities, when so requested;
5. Extend assistance in cases involving extradition and mutual legal assistance, when requested by the Department
of Justice;
6. Establish an NBI Academy which shall be responsible for the recruitment, training, and development of all NBI
agents and personnel, among others;
7. Establish and maintain a Forensic and Scientific Research Center which shall serve as the primary center for
forensic and scientific research in furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal investigation, detection,
evidence collection, and preservation, and provide the necessary training therefor;
8. Establish and maintain a Cyber Investigation and Assessment Center which shall serve as the nerve center for
computer information technologies, data on cybercrime cases, Computer intrusion, threats, and other related
crimes activities;
9. Establish and maintain an integrated, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art network of equipment and facilities to
be used by the NBI in its criminal investigation, detection, and evidence gathering, and to provide the
corresponding training in this regard
10. Request the assistance of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Forces of the Philippines, or any other
agency of the government, including government-owned and/ or -controlled corporations, in its anti-crime drive.
Such assistance may include the use of the agency's personnel and facilities upon prior approval by the head of the
agency concerned
11. Conduct intelligence operations in furtherance of the foregoing powers and functions;
12. Enter into any contract or transaction for the acquisition, ownership, possession, administration, lease, disposition,
or acceptance of real or personal property in its name, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Justice;
13. Establish a modern NBI Clearance and Identification Center containing all derogatory and criminal records and
civilian identification records, including their identifying marks and characteristics and fingerprint database, as
well as dental records under Presidential Decree No. 1575, entitled "Requiring Practitioners of Dentistry to Keep
Records of Their Patients";
14. Maintain, for purposes of investigative and forensic requirements of the NBI, relevant database such as ballistic
records of firearms including, but not limited to, data ownership, possession, and other related identifying
circumstances; and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) databank; and
15. Perform such other functions as the President or the Secretary of Justice may assign.

Primary Investigative Jurisdiction of the NBI (S-5, R.A. 10867l)

1. Human Trafficking cases in all airports in the Philippines
2. Extrajudicial/Extra-legal killings committed by the state’s security forces against media practitioners and activists;
3. Killings of justices and judges;
4. Violation of Republic Act No. 10175, otherwise known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act”;
5. Cases referred by the Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council (IAGCC);
6. Violations of the Anti-Dummy Law;
7. Cases involving threats to security or assaults against the persons of the President, Vice President, Senate
President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
8. Transnational crimes pursuant to existing international Agreements;
9. Identification of the dead/victims in case of mass fatality incidents caused by natural disasters;
10. Violations of commercial, economic, and financial or white-collar crimes such as, but not limited to, those
punishable under Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known as "E-Commerce Act of 2000"; Republic Act No.
8484, otherwise known as “Access Devices Regulations Act of 1998" ; Republic Act No. 8293. otherwise known
as "Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines"; Republic Act No. 8799, otherwise known as "Securities
Regulation Code"; Presidential Decree No. 1689, otherwise known as “Decree Increasing the Penalty for Certain
Forms of Estafa," and other similar penal statutes that Congress may enact; and
11. Any crime when the public interest so requires as directed by the President or the Secretary of Justice.

Inter-Agency Relationship of NBI to the PNP and other LEAs.

a. Once the NBI takes cognizance of any of the aforementioned cases, the PNP and other LEAs or investigative
entities collaborate with and render assistance to the NBI. In cases where jurisdiction is vested exclusively and/or
primarily with the PNP or other LEAs or investigating agency, the NBI collaborates with and render assistance to
the same.
b. The NBI maintains close coordination with the concerned PNP local station before their conduct of their
operations (such as raids, buy-bust. arrests. search, etc.)
c. The NBI maintains sharing of information with intelligence value to the PNP and other LEAs regarding activities
of criminal elements.

Qualifications for NBI Agents (S-8, R.A. 10867]

a. Citizen of the Philippines;
b. Of good moral character;
c. A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a Baccalaureate Degree who passed the necessary government
licensure examination relevant to the investigative functions of the NBI; and
d. Successfully passed the competitive mental and physical examinations required by the NBI.

2. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

The PDEA was created by virtue of Republic Act No. 9165 on June 7, 2002 repealing R.A. No. 6425, otherwise
known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972. This Act is cited as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. The
Act also created the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) which is the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in the
planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
R.A. 9165 was amended by R.A. No. 10640 on July 15, 2014 to further strengthen the anti-drug campaign of the
government.
The PDEA, as the lead agency and implementing arm of the DDB is created under the Office of the President.
It shall be responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in the Act.
It is headed by a Director General (DG) with the Cabinet rank of Undersecretary, who is responsible for the
general administration and management of the agency. Two Deputies Director-General assists the Director-General with
the rank of Assistant Secretary: one for Administration (DDGA) and the other one for Operations (DDGO).
The R.A. 9165 abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating Center created under
Executive Order No. 61. The Narcotics Group of Philippine National Police (PNP-NG), Narcotics Division of National
Bureau of Investigation NBI-ND), and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Unit of the Bureau of Customs (BOC-CNIU).
Under Executive Order No.206 dated May 15, 2003, these law enforcement agencies have organized the
following anti-illegal drugs task force to support the PDEA: Philippine National Police - Anti-Illegal Drugs Special
Operation Task Force (PNP-AIDSOTF); National Bureau of Investigation - Anti-Illegal Drugs Task Force (NBI-AIDTF);
Bureau of Customs- Customs Task Group/Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals (BOC- CTGFDDCC).

Powers and Duties of the PDEA (S-82, R.A. 9165]

1. Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control strategy formulated by
the board, thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program which shall include drug law enforcement,
control, and prevention campaign with the assistance of concerned government agencies,
2. Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful acts and penalties
involving any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical and investigate all violators and
other matters involved in the commission of any crime relative to the use, abuse or trafficking of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided for in this Act and the provisions of
Presidential Decree 1619;
 3. Administer an oath, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation involving
the violations of this Act;
4. Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate the effects or proceeds of the crimes as
provided by law and take custody thereof, for this purpose, the prosecutors and enforcement agents are authorized
to possess firearms, following existing laws;
5. Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/ or controlled precursors and essential chemicals seized,
confiscated, or surrendered to any national, provincial, or local law enforcement agency if no longer needed for
purposes of evidence in court;
6. Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every province and city to facilitate action on seized or
confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction without delay:
7. Recommend to the D0J the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons and/or corporations found to be
violating the provisions of this Act and following the pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money-Laundering Act of
2001;
8. Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws on
dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other similar controlled substances, and
assist, support, and coordinate with other government agencies for the proper and effective prosecution of the
same;
9. Monitor and, if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and the Bureau of
Customs. inspect all air cargo packages, parcels, and mails in the central post office, which appear from the
package and address itself to be a possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals, through on- line or cyber shops via the internet or cyberspace;
10. Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth of plants from which dangerous drugs may be
extracted:
11. Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization that shall coordinate and supervise all activities
against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality, and barangay with the active and direct participation of
all such local government units and non-governmental organizations, including the citizenry, subject to the
provisions of previously formulated programs of action against dangerous drugs;
12. Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system cooperation with law enforcement agencies, other
government agencies/offices, and local government units that will assist in its apprehension of big-time drug
lords;
13. Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation, and linkages with international drug control and
administration agencies and organizations, and implement the applicable provisions of international conventions
and agreements related to dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;
14. Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file charges, and transmit
evidence to the proper court, wherein members of the said unit shall possess suitable and adequate firearms for
their protection in connection with the performance of their duties: Provided, that no previous special permit for
such possession shall be required;
15. Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists, and other practitioners to submit a report
to it, in coordination with the Board, about all dangerous drugs and/ or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals which they have attended to for data and information purposes;
16. Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary guidelines, rules, and regulations for
the proper implementation of this Act; and
17. Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and drug control programs, where it may enlist the
assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency, or instrumentality of the government, including government-
owned and/or controlled corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs drive, which may include the use 53 54 of their
respective personnel, facilities, and resources for a more persistent detection and investigation of drug-related
crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers;
18. Submit annual and periodic reports to the Board as required from time to time, and perform such other functions
as may be authorized or required under existing laws, as directed by the President himself/herself, or as
recommended by the congressional committees concerned.

Inter-Agency Relationship of PDEA to the PNP and other LEAs

The PNP, NBI, and the Bureau of Customs maintain close coordination with the PDEA on all drug related
matters. The PNP and other LEAs continue to conduct anti-drug operations in support of the PDEA in the following
capacities:
1. The PNP, NBI and other LEAs, as far as practicable, coordinate to the PDEA prior to anti-drug operations.
2. The PNP, NBI and other LEAs inform the PDEA of their antidrug operations within twenty-four (24) hours
from the time of the actual custody of the suspects or seizure of said drugs and substances, as well as paraphernalia and
transport equipment used in illegal activities involving such drugs and/or substances, and regularly update the PDEA on
the status of the cases involving the said anti-drug operations.
3. PNP. NBI and other LEAS may conduct raids, seizures, and other anti- drug operations; it is valid provided it is
properly coordinated to the PDEA.
4. The PDEA establishes and maintains a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with the PNP, NBI, and
other LEAs that will assist in its apprehension of big-time drug lords.
The PDEA may enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the PNP, the NBI, the Bureau of Customs
and other LAEs to carry out the implementation of the R.A. 9165 as amended, but shall include specific roles of
enumerated agencies in the administrative and operational matters.
Inter-Agency Relationship of PDEA, PNP, NBI and other LEAs to the Department of Justice (Prosecution)

The PDEA, PNP, NBI, and other LEAs have the responsibility to appear to testify as prosecution witness
pertinent to dangerous drugs case to which they are involved in the operation. If after due notice, they fail or refuse
intentionally or negligently to appear as a witness for the prosecution in any proceeding, without any valid reason, they
shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine of not less than P500,
000.00, in addition to the administrative liability, he/she may be meted out by his/her immediate superior and/or
appropriate body. The immediate superior of the member of the LEA or any other government employee mentioned in the
preceding paragraph shall be penalized with imprisonment of not less than 2 months and l day but not more than 6 years
and a fine of not less than P10,000.00 but not more than P50,000.00 and in addition, perpetual absolute disqualification
from public office if despite due notice to them and to the witness concerned, the former does not exert reasonable effort
to present the latter to the court.

3. The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

The BFP was created by R.A. No. 6975 on December 13, 1990 but was amended by R.A. No. 9263 on March 10,
2004 which was further amended by R.A. No. 9592 on May 08, 2009.
The BFP which is under the DILG is headed by a Chief with a rank of Director who shall be assisted by 2 deputy
chiefs, 1 for administration and 1 for operations with both ranks of chief superintendent all of whom shall be appointed by
the President upon recommendation of the Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers with at least the rank
of senior superintendent in the service.
The BFPs mission is to prevent and suppress destructive fires; investigate its causes; provide emergency, medical
and rescue services; and enforce other fire-related laws with the active involvement of the community.

Powers and Functions of the BFP

In general, the BFP is responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on buildings, houses
and other structures, forest, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or
anchored in major seaports, petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other similar incidents, as well as the
enforcement of the Fire Code and other related laws. In short, BFP is the Fire Safety Enforcing Agency in the Country.
Also, the BFP has the power to investigate all causes of fires and, if necessary, file the proper complaints with the
city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case.

The BFP and the Republic Act No. 9514

The R.A. No. 9514 (Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008) that repealed P.D. 1185 was approved on December
19, 2008. The Code provided the following responsibilities of the BFP:

Functions of the BFP in the Enforcement of this Code, among others are:
a. Support and assist fire volunteers, practitioners and fire volunteer organizations in the country who shall undergo
mandatory fire suppression, inspection, rescue, emergency medical services and related emergency response
trainings and competency evaluations to be conducted by the BFP. In the case of the Fire practitioners, they shall
undergo mandatory continuous professional education and competency evaluation of their expertise. knowledge
and skills in the area of fire science, engineering and technology to be conducted by the BFP;
b. Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies, and local government assistance to render necessary
assistance in the enforcement of this Code:
c. Designate a fire safety inspector through his/her duly authorized representative to conduct an inspection of every
building or structure within his area of responsibility at least once a year and every time the owner, administrator
or occupant shall renew his/her business permit or permit to operate; No occupancy permit, business or permit to
operate shall be issued without securing a Fire Safety Inspection Certification from the Chief, BFP, or his/her duly
authorized representative:
d. Inspect at reasonable time, any building, structure, installation or premises for dangerous or hazardous conditions
or materials as set forth in this Code, provided that in case of single-family dwelling, an inspection must be upon
the consent of the occupant or upon lawful order from the proper court. The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized
representative shall order the owner/occupant to remove hazardous materials and/or stop hazardous
operation/process in accordance with the standards set by this Code or its implementing rules or regulations or
other pertinent laws;
e. Where conditions exist and are deemed hazardous to life and property, to order the owner/occupant of any
building or structure to summarily abate such hazardous conditions;
f. Require the building owner/occupant to submit plans and specifications, and other pertinent documents of said
building to ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards; and
g. Issue a written notice to the owner and/or contractor to stop work on portion of any work due to absence, or in
violation of approved plans and specifications, permit and/or clearance or certification as approved by the Chief,
BFP or his/her duly authorized representative. The notice shall state the nature of the violation and no work shall
be continued on that portion until the violation has been corrected.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BFP to the PNP and other LEAs

 a. The BFP may call on the PNP, other LEAs to render necessary assistance in the enforcement of the Revised Fire
Code of the Philippines. In this case, the PNP shall serve as security officers at the fire scene to ensure that BFP
would perform their functions without distractions from the civilian.
b. The BFP through PNP local police stations coordinate to the PNP Scene of Crime Operation team to process the
fire scenes where deaths of person or loss of properties occur in order to preserve pieces of evidence.
c. The BFP coordinates to the PNP local police station investigation team all fire incidents allegedly malicious or
intentional to conduct further investigation for the prosecution of criminals as the case may be.
d. To PNP report immediately to the BFP fire incidents reported by civilians in order to suppress greater damages
and the like.

4. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

The BJMP was created by R.A. No. 6975 on December 13, 1990 but was amended by R.A. No. 9263 on March
10, 2004 which was further amended by R.A. No. 9592 on May 08, 2009. The BJMP exercises supervision and control
over all city and municipal jails.
The BJMP which is under the DILG is headed by a Chief with a rank of Director who shall be assisted by 2
deputy chiefs, 1 for administration and 1 for operations with both ranks of chief superintendent, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers with at
least the rank of senior superintendent in the service.
The BJMP's mission is to enhance public safety by ensuring humane safekeeping and development of Persons
Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in all district, city, and municipal jails for their reintegration to society.

Powers and Functions of the BJMP, among others, are:

a. Formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and municipal jails nationwide.
b. Implement strong security measures for the control of inmates.
c. Provide for the basic needs of inmates.
d. Conduct activities for the development of inmates.
e. Improve jail facilities.
f. Promote the general welfare and development of personnel.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BJMP to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The BJMP coordinates with the PNP investigation team and Scene of Crime Operation team to conduct
investigation over crimes that happened inside the jails.
b. The BJMP may seek for additional PNP support most especially when the BJMP transports highly dangerous
PDLs or persons detained undergoing trials.
c. The BJMP coordinates with the PNP and other LEAs for assistance in the arrest of escapees from jail facilities.
d. In times of national emergency, all elements of the PNP, BFP, and BJMP, upon direction of the President, assist
the Armed Forces of the Philippines in meeting the national emergency.

5. Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)

The BUCOR was created by virtue of R.A. No. 10575 on May 24, 2013. The BUCOR is attached under the DOJ.
It is headed by a Director General of Corrections equivalent to Undersecretary assisted by 3 Deputy Directors equivalent
to Assistant Secretary: 1 for administration, 1 for security and operations and I for reformation, all of whom are appointed
by the President.
The mandates the BUCOR İs safekeeping and instituting reformation programs to national inmates sentenced to
more than 3 years. The Safekeeping of inmates shall include decent provision of quarters, food, water and clothing in
compliance with established United Nations standards. The security of the inmates shall be undertaken by the Custodial
Force Consisting of Corrections Officers with a ranking system and salary grades similar to its counterpart in the BJMP.

Functions of the BUCOR, among others, are:

a. Safekeep prisoners convicted by courts 3 years and 1 day and above to serve sentence in prison.
b. Prevent prisoners from committing crimes.
c. Provide inmates' basic needs.
d. Ensure rehabilitation programs are made available to the inmates for their physical, intellectual and spiritual
development.
e. Develop livelihood programs to assist inmates earn a living and develop their skills while in prison.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BUCOR to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The BUCOR coordinates with the PNP investigation team and Scene of Crime Operation team to conduct
investigation over crimes that happened inside the prison.
b. The BUCOR may seek for additional PNP support most especially when the BUCOR transports highly dangerous
PDLS or persons.
c. The BUCOR coordinates with the PNP and other LEAs for assistance in the arrest of escapees from prison
facilities.
d. The BUCOR supports the PNP, PDEA, NBI, and other LEAs especially in providing valuable information
gathered from convicts inside prison regarding criminal activities, criminal elements, and their cohorts outside
prison.

6. Bureau of Immigration (BI)

 In the general, the functions of the BI are principally responsible for the administration and enforcement of
immigration, citizenship and alien admission and registration laws in accordance with the provisions of the Philippine
Immigration Act of 1940, as amended (C.A. No. 613, as amended).
The BI is primary enforcement arm of the Department of Justice and the President of the Philippines in ensuring
that all foreigners within its territorial jurisdiction comply with existing laws.
Functions of the BI, among others, are:
a. Assists local and international LEAs in securing the tranquility of the state against foreigners whose presence or
stay may be deemed threats to national security, public safety public morals and public health.
b. Regulates the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and exit (departure) of foreign nationals in the country.
c. Monitors the entry and exit of Filipino citizens in compliance with Philippine laws and other legal procedures
d. Issues immigration documents and identification certifications on non- immigrant, immigrant and special non-
immigrant visas;
e. Issues special permits in relation to the enforcement of immigration laws (e.g. Special Work Permit (SWP),
Provisional Permit to Work (PPW), Special Study Permit (SSP), re-entry permits, clearances, etc.).
f. Investigates, hears, decides and executes orders pertaining to exclusion, deportation, and repatriation of foreign
nationals.
g. Implements Hold Departure Orders, Blacklist, Watchlist, Immigration Lookout Bulletin Orders and Alert List
Orders.
h. Cancels immigration documents upon violation of immigration laws and procedures.
i. Investigates arrests and detains foreigners in violation of immigration regulation and other Philippine laws.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BI to the PNP and other LEAS

a. The BI may coordinate to the PNP, NBI and other LEAs on the arrest of foreigners whom BI consider as inimical
to the country.
b. The BI coordinates with the PNP, NBI and other LEAs to conduct investigation over persons (local or foreigner)
of interest and may provide appropriate information to the BI.
c. The BI coordinates with the PNP, PDEA, NBI, and other LEAs regarding investigation, inventory and processing
of contrabands confiscated upon entry of local or foreigner in the country especially to PDEA concerning illegal
drugs and the like.

7. The Bureau of Customs (BOC)

The BOC is attached to the Department of Finance established on February 6, 1902 headed by a Commissioner,
who is responsible for the general administration and management of the bureau. Under R.A. No. 10863 (Customs
Modernization and Tariff Act [GMTA) on June 10, 2016 it provided new BOC functions.

Functions of the BOC, among others, are:

a. Assessment and collection of customs revenues from imported goods and other dues, fees, charges, fines and
penalties accruing under the GMTA.
b. Border control to prevent entry of smuggled goods.
c. Prevention and suppression of smuggling and other customs fraud.
d. Facilitation and security of international trade and commerce through an informed compliance program.
e. Supervision and control over the entrance and clearance of vessels and aircraft engaged in foreign commerce.
f. Supervision and control over the handling of foreign mails arriving in the Philippines for the purpose of collecting
revenues and preventing the entry of contraband.
g. Supervision and control on all import and export cargoes, landed or stored in piers, airports, terminal facilities,
including container yards and freight stations for the protection of government revenue and prevention of entry of
contraband.
h. Exercise of exclusive original jurisdiction over forfeiture cases under the GMTA.
i. Enforcement of the GMTA and all other laws, rules and regulations related to customs administration.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BOC to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The BOC coordinates with the PNP, NBI, and other LEAs in the investigation of criminal activities that transpired
with the view of the BOC. The coordination is dependent on the crime committed such that discovery of illegal
drugs in ports is coordinated to the PDEA with the assistance of the PNP; the investigation on the entry or exit of
wild life or endangered animals should be coordinated with the DENR and the PNP and the like.
b. The BOC supports the crime prevention drive of the PNP by providing valuable intelligence information
regarding entry and exit of cargoes in the country that are products of criminal elements or syndicates.
c. The BOC seeks the assistance of the PNP, NBI and other LEAs in effecting arrest of suspects, search, and
seizures of illegal or smuggled products or materials.

8. Land Transportation Office (LTO)

The LTO was established by the authority of R.A. 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code) on June 20,
1964. The LTO is attached to the office of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) formerly known as Department of
Transportation and Communication (DOTC). In terms of air transportation, the LTO counterpart is the Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) created by Republic Act No. 9497 (Civil Aviation Authority Act of 2008) attached
to the DOTr formerly known as the Air Transportation Office ATO).
Functions of the LTO, among others, are:
a. Enforce the registration and operation of motor vehicles and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors, drivers,
and similar matters.
b. Inspect and register of motor vehicles.
c. Issue of licenses and permits.
d. Enforce Land Transportation Rules and Regulations.
e. Adjudicate traffic cases.
f. Collect of revenues for the government.

Inter-Agency Relationship of LTO to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The LTO works with the PNP in the implementation of traffic laws rules and regulations.
b. The LTO deputizes the PNP in the issuance of Traffic Citation Tickets to traffic law violators considering that the
LTO cannot enforce traffics due their limited personnel.
c. The LTO assists the PNP, NBI, and other LEAs in the investigation crimes which are traffic related by providing
information on the vehicle owners and other related features of the involved vehicle.
d. The LTO assists the PNP, NBI, and other LEAs by proving data about the vehicle or its owner if such vehicle was
used in the commission of crime such as transporting of illegal drugs, trafficking of person, and others.

9. The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

The PCG was established by virtue of R.A. No. 9993 (Philippines Coast Guard Law of 2009) on July 27, 2009.
PCG is an armed and uniformed service attached to the Department of Transportation (DOTr). Provided, that in times of
war, as declared by Congress, the PCG or parts thereof, shall be attached to the Department of National Defense.

The Powers and Functions of the PCG, among others, are:

a. Enforce regulations in accordance with all relevant maritime international conventions, treaties or instruments and
national laws for the promotion of safety of life property, at sea within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines
and conduct port state control implementation.
b. Inspect all merchant ships and vessels, including but shall not be limited to inspections prior to departure, to
ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards, rules and regulations.
c. Detain, stop or prevent a ship or vessel which does not comply with safety standards, rules and regulations from
sailing or leaving port.
d. Conduct emergency readiness evaluation on merchant marine vessels.
e. Issue and enforce rules and regulation for the promotion of safety and life and property at sea on all maritime-
related activities.
f. Remove, destroy or low to port, sunken or floating hazards to navigation, including illegal fish and vessels, at or
close to sea lanes which may cause hazards to the marine environment.
g. Issue permits for the salvage of vessels and to supervise all marine salvage operations, as well as prescribe and
enforce rules and regulations governing the same.
h. Render aid to persons and vessels in distress and conduct search rescue in marine accidents within the maritime
jurisdiction of the Philippines, including the high seas, in accordance with applicable international conventions.
i. Investigate the inquire into the causes of all maritime accidents involving death, casualties and damage to
properties.
j. Assist in the enforcement of laws on fisheries, immigration, tariff and customs, forestry, firearms and explosives,
human trafficking, dangerous drugs and controlled chemicals, transnational crimes and other applicable laws
within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines.
k. Board and inspect all types of merchant ships and watercrafts in the performance of this function.
l. Enforce laws and promulgate and administer rules and regulations for the protection of marine environment and
resources from offshore sources or pollution within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines.

Inter-Agency Relationship of PCG to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The PCG works with the PNP through the PNP Maritime Group in providing protection for the interest of the
Philippine maritime: the Philippine territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and
harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainable development of the maritime environment in the
Philippines.
b. Through MOA or MOU both PCG and PNP Maritime Group could enhance the Search and Rescue (SAR)
capabilities and maintain collaboration in order to perform SAR if situation demands as well as the performing
public safety operations in their area of operations.

10. The Philippine Navy (PN)

The PN is the naval warfare service branch of the AFP. It shares the responsibility of patrolling the maritime
borders with the PCG.

Powers and Functions of the PN, among others, are:

a. Assist the proper governmental agencies in the enforcement of laws and regulations pertaining to navigation,
immigration, customs revenue, opium, quarantine, fishing and neutrality in the territorial and contiguous waters of
the Philippine Archipelago.
b. Develop, in coordination with the other major services and commands the doctrines, procedures and naval
equipment for joint operations, and the doctrines and procedures for amphibious operations.
 Inter-Agency Relationship of PN to the PNP and other LEAs
a. The PN collaborates with the PNP Maritime Group, and PCG in the enforcement of maritime laws.
b. The PN join forces with the PNP Maritime Group, PCG and other LEAs in rendering public safety activities
during national or local emergencies.

12. The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

The BFAR was created by virtue of R.A. No. 8550 (Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998) on February 25, 1998
which was amended by R.A. 10654 on July 28. 2014.

Functions of the BFAR, among others, are:

a. Issue licenses for the operation of commercial fishing vessels.
b. Issue identification cards free of charge to fish workers engaged in commercial fishing.
c. Advise and coordinate with LGUS on the maintenance of proper sanitation and hygienic practices in fish markets
and fish landing areas.
d. Establish a corps 'of specialists in collaboration with the DND, DILG, DFA for the efficient monitoring, control
and surveillance of fishing activities within Philippine territorial waters and provide the necessary facilities,
equipment and training therefor.
e. Implement an inspection system for import and export of fishery aquatic products and fish processing
establishments, consistent with international standards to ensure product quality and safety.
f. Enforce all laws, formulate and enforce all rules and regulations governing the conservation and management of
fishery resources, except in municipal waters, and to settle conflicts of resource use and allocation.
g. Implement boarding and inspection protocols upon Philippine flagged fishing vessels in order to promote
observance to international treaty obligations on food safety, to curb illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing,
and to comply with conservation and management measures
h. Adopt an appropriate monitoring, control, surveillance and traceability system for municipal fishing vessels
supplying exporters with concurrence of the local government units.
i. Hear and decide administrative cases before it.
j. Determine the appropriate levels of administrative and other sanctions, particularly for serious violations, that
deprive offenders of economic benefits from their violations of the laws, rules and regulations.
k. Initiate the criminal prosecution of offenses committed in violation of this Code regardless of their situs.
l. Perform such other related functions which shall promote the development, conservation, management, protection
and utilization of fisheries and aquatic resources.

Inter-Agency Relationship of BFAR to the PNP and other LEAS

a. The BFAR collaborates to the PNP Maritime Group: PN, PCG, and other LEAs the enforcement of the Philippine
Fisheries Code of 1998.
b. The PNP Maritime Group, PN, PCG, and other LEAs reports to the BFAR any acts or situations violative to the
Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 for proper legal action.
c. The PNP Maritime Group, PN, PCG, and other LEAs conduct arrest of the violators the Code as well as search
and seizure the effects of the crime.

13. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

As provided for under Section 4 of E.O. 192, the DENR is mandated to be the primary government agency
responsible for the conservation, management, development and proper use of the country's environment and natural
resources, including those in reservations, watershed areas and lands of the public domain, as well as the licensing and
regulation of all natural resources utilization as may be provided by law in order to ensure equitable sharing of the
benefits derived there from for the welfare of the present and future generations of Filipinos.

Functions of the DENR, among others, are:

a. The DENR's duty through its Forest Rangers, is the enforcement of environmental protection laws, and
conservation of the environment.
b. Implement measures for the regulation and supervision of the processing of forest products, grading and
inspection of lumber and other forest products and monitoring of the movement of timber and other forest
products.

Inter-Agency Relationship of DENR to the PNP and other LEAs

a. The DENR Works with the PNP and other LEAs in the enforcement of laws relative to environment and natural
resources by providing checkpoints in all possible or suspected areas where violations of environmental laws may
Occur.
b. The DENR seeks the support of the PNP in the implementation of arrest of environmental laws violators together
with the search and seizure of the effects or fruits of the crime.

As of this writing, the DENR officials are coming up with the creation of the Environmental Protection and
Enforcement Bureau (EPEB).
The EPEB aims to maintain an effective enforcement laws, rules and regulation to protect the rights of the people to a
balanced and healthful ecology, institutionalize enforcement systems and strategies using the advanced reliable
technologies, establishing forensic laboratory that ensure evidences of environmental crimes and environmental law
enforcement training course and skill enhancement.
B. The PNP and International LEAs

1. ASEANAPOL. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations Police sought to enhance cooperation in the realm of
regional policing towards ensuring the safety of the region (South East Asia) by mutually contributing and synergizing
policing resources and expertise to effectively thwart organized and emerging international criminal enterprises for a safer
ASEAN Community. Hence, the objectives of ASEANAPOL are:
a. Enhance police professionalism,
b. Forge stronger regional cooperation in policing, and
c. Promote lasting friendship amongst police officers of member countries.

The 10 ASEANAPOL Member Countries

1. Brunei 6. Myanmar
2. Cambodia 7. Philippine
3. Indonesia 8. Singapore
4. Laos 9. Thailand
5. Malaysia 10. Vietnam

ASEANAPOL Flag
The ASEANAPOL Flag is a symbol of the organization of the ASEAN Chiefs of National Police (ASEANAPOL)
on the regional cooperation in the prevention and combating transnational crime. It represents a firmed, determined,
honest and protected ASEAN National Police Organization denoted by the colors of the flag which are black, white, blue,
yellow and brown.

Dignity of the ASEANAPOL Flag

1. The ASEANAPOL Flag shall be treated with respect and shall not be subjected to any indignity.
2. When the ASEANAPOL Flag has become worn or torn or frayed, it shall not be displayed, and shall be properly
disposed of.

2. INTERPOL. The International Police first started as International Criminal Police Commission/Organization (ICPC or
ICPO) founded in 1923. It was named as INTERPOL in the year 1956. It is an organization that facilitates worldwide
police cooperation and crime control. Headquartered in Lyon, France, it has seven regional bureaus worldwide and a
National Central Bureau in all 195 member states making it the world's largest police organization.
INTERPOL provides investigative support, expertise, and training to law enforcement worldwide, focusing on
three major areas of transnational crime:
a. terrorism,
b. cybercrime, and
c. Organized crime.
Its broad mandate covers virtually every kind of crime, including, but not limited to the following:
a. crimes against humanity,
b. child pornography,
c. drug trafficking and production,
d. political corruption,
e. copyright infringement, and
f. White-collar crime.

The agency also facilitates cooperation among national law enforcement institutions through criminal databases
and communications networks. The Philippines became a member of the INTERPOL in June 1956.
Elements of Emblem of INTERPOL
a. the globe indicates worldwide activity,
b. the olive branches represent peace,
c. the sword represents police action,
d. the scales signify justice,
e. the acronyms OIPC (Organisation internationale
de police criminelle)and ICPO (International Criminal Police Organization), representing the full name of the
organization in both English and French
INTERPOL Notices
An Interpol notice is an international alert circulated to communicate information about crimes, criminals, and
threats by police in a member state (or an authorized international entity) to their counterparts around the world. The
information disseminated via notices concerns individuals wanted for serious crimes, missing persons, unidentified
bodies, possible threats, prison escapes, and criminals' modus operandi.

Functions INTERPOL's Eight Types of Notices

1. Red Notice. To seek the location/arrest of a person wanted by a judicial jurisdiction or an international tribunal
with a view to his/her extradition.
2. Blue Notice. To locate, identify or obtain information on a person of interest in a criminal investigation.
3. Green Notice. To warn about a person's criminal activities if that person is considered to be a possible threat to
public safety.
4. Yellow Notice. To locate a missing person or to identify a person unable to identify himself/herself.
5. Black Notice. To seek information on unidentified bodies.
6. Orange Notice. To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat and danger
to persons or property.
7. Purple Notice. To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects, devices, or hiding places used by
criminals.
8. Interpol-United Nations Security Council Special Notice. To inform Interpol's members that an individual or an
entity is subject to UN sanctions.

The International Notice system initially consisted of six color coded notices: Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black, and
Purple. In 2004, the seventh color was added, Orange.

Four Official Languages INTERPOL Notices: The SAFE

1. Spanish 2. Arabic 3. French 4. English Notices

INTERPOL Organization Structure

The General Assembly. It is INTERPOL's supreme governing body, comprising representatives from each of our
member countries. It meets once a year and each session lasts around four days. Each member country may be represented
by one or several delegates who are typically chiefs of police and senior ministry officials. Its purpose is to ensure that
INTERPOL's activities correspond to the needs of our of our member countries

The Executive Committee. It is the governing body in charge of supervising the execution of the General Assembly’s
decisions and the administration and work of the General Secretariat. It meets three times a year and sets organizational
policy and direction. The roles of Executive Committee are:
1. Supervise the execution of the decisions of the General Assembly;
2. Prepare the agenda for sessions of the General Assembly;
3. Submit to the General Assembly any programme of work or project which it considers useful; and
4. Supervise the administration and work of the Secretary General.

The General Secretariat. It runs INTERPOL's day-to-day activities to support member countries in their international
policing. General Secretariat is the body that coordinates all our policing and administrative activities. It is run by the
Secretary General.

The National Central Bureaus (NCBS). These are at the heart of INTERPOL. They seek the information needed from
other NCBs to help These are at the heart of Investigate crime or criminals in their own country, and they share criminal
data and intelligence to assist another country. As part of their role in global investigations, NCBs work with:
1. Law enforcement agencies in their own country
2. Other NCBs and Sub-Bureaus around the world; and
3. The General Secretariat's offices worldwide.

NCBs can also develop training programmes for their national police to raise awareness on INTERPOL's activities,
services and databases.

NCBs Sharing Criminal Data

NCBs contribute national crime data to our global databases, in accordance with their respective national laws.
This ensures that accurate data are in the right place at the right time to allow police to identify a trend, prevent a crime, or
arrest a criminal. For example, our Red Notices alert police in all countries to wanted persons. NCBS cooperate on cross-
border investigations, operations and arrests. To take investigations beyond national borders, they can seek cooperation
from any other NCB. Given the common issues faced within each region, NCBs work together increasingly on a regional
basis. They combine resources and expertise in successful interventions against those crime areas which affect them the
most.
Technically, the ASEANAPOL and INTERPOL are not law enforcement agencies considering that they don't
enforce any laws. Instead, it merely facilitates cooperation or linkages of various law enforcement agencies of member
countries for mutual assistance about suppression of criminal activities or syndicates which are considered transnational.

Inter-Agency Relationship of PNP to ASEANAPOL and INTERPOL

a. The PNP maintains mutual cooperation and support to ASEANAPOL and INTERPOL in order to achieve speedy
arrest or investigation of crimes which are transnational in nature.
b. The PNP collaborates with ASEANAPOL and INTERPOL for exchange of intelligence information relative to
criminal syndicates.