LEA 1

LAW ENFORCEMENT
ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION

PREPARED BY
MICHAELA L. MONDEJAR R.CRIM
 PART ONE

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BASIC CONCEPTS AND
PRINCIPLE OF POLICING
 Origin and Definition of the word Police
Police – “Politeia” G, government of a city
“Politia” R, same meaning above
“Polizei” Gr, Safe keepers (territory)
“Police” F, persons to enforce law

 Borrowed by the English and Americans to

refer to LAW ENFORCER.
 Theories of the Police Service
HOME RULE AND CONTINENTAL THEORY
1. Home Rule theory.
 Police are considered servants of the community. The
effectiveness of the policemen in their functions depends
on the expressed wishes and needs of the people. In this
theory, policemen are civilian employees whose primary
duty is the preservation of the public peace and security.
This is applied in countries with decentralized government
structure.
2. Continental Theory.
 Policemen are considered servants of a higher
authority. Ordinary people have little or no share
in all of the police duties nor have and direct
connection or cooperation with police functions.
This theory is applied in countries that have
centralized government.
 Concepts of Police Service
1. Old Concept.
 Police service is looked upon as a repressive and
suppressive machinery of the government. The yardstick of
police efficiency is the increase number of arrest. Thus, the
jobs of the police is to arrest and put people in jail rather
than prevent people from committing crime or keep them
out of jail. Punishment is the sole instrument of crime
control.
2.
Modern Concept.
 Police service is an instrument of crime
prevention. The modern philosophy of police
service is not only focused on criminal
apprehensions but also social services. The
objective of the police is to promote the welfare
of the individual citizen as well as the society in
general. The yardstick of the police efficiency is
the absence of crime or low crime rate.
What is POLICE ?

 Is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific

responsibility to maintain law and order and combating crime with
the society

 Police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with

the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and
possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder

 Official organization that is responsible for protecting people and

property, making people obey the law, finding out about and solving
crime, and catching people who have committed a crime.
POLICE OBJECTIVES, FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
THE PNP
A. PNP Mandate
 Republic Act 6975 entitled, An Act Establishing the
Philippine National Police Under a Reorganized
Department of the Interior and Local Government and
Other Purposes as amended by RA 8551 Pilippine
National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998
and further amended by RA 9708.
B. PNP Vision
Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by 2030, we shall
be a highly capable, effective and credible police service
working in partnership with a responsive community toward
the attainment of a safer place to live, work and do business.
C. PNP Mission
The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and control
crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety
and internal security with the active support of the
community.
D. PNP Philosophy
Service, Honor and Justice

E. PNP Core Values

 Maka Diyos ( Pro God)
 Makabayan (Pro Country)
 Makatao (Pro People)
 Makakalikasan (Pro Environment)
PNP Functions
1. Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of
lives and properties.
2. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to
ensure public safety.
3. Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal
offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist in their
prosecution.
4. Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure
in accordance with the Constitution and pertinent laws
5. Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is
prescribed by law, informing the person so detained of all his
rights under the Constitution.
6. Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in
accordance with the law.
7.Supervise and control the training and operations of security
agencies and issue licenses to operate security agencies, to
security guards and to private detectives, for the practice of their
professions.
8. Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as
may be provided by law (R.A. 6975 Section 24).
 Four Primal Conditions of the PNP Organization

1. Authority. This is the supreme source

of government for any particular
organization. It is the right to direct,
command and control the behavior of the
employees by the senior officer by virtue
of rank and position.
2. Mutual Cooperation / Coordination / Consultation.
An organization exists because it serves a purpose. This
purpose is viewed by society as beneficial to it. This
becomes the social legitimacy for the organization to
perform its functions in the society. It constitutes
recognition by an agreement with the public on the
rationality of its existence. PNP serves the community
and which in turn demands mutual cooperation,
coordination and consultation with the community in
order to have an integrated and holistic approach to
achieve crime prevention and peace and order.
3. Doctrine. It is the organizations objectives. It
also provides the very source of various actions
which are performed to assure organizational
coordination. Hence, policies, procedures, rules
and regulations of the organization are based on
the statement of doctrines.
 Primary PNP Doctrines
a. Fundamental Doctrine.
 Contains rules, policies, procedures or guidelines pertaining
to the operational and administrative functions of a
particular PNP unit. It covers the operational,
administrative, and technical areas that are functionally
relevant to the PNP unit concerned.
a. Ethical Doctrine.
 The fundamental principles governing the rules of conduct,
attitude, behavior, and ethical norms of the PNP.
 4. Discipline.
In any organization, discipline is necessary to
promote coordination. Understood as
comprising behavioral regulation. Understood
as comprising behavioral regulations, it is
imposed either by command or self- restraint
to insure supportive behavior from people
composing the organization.
 Police Activities
• The prevention of criminality
• Repression of crime
• Apprehending of offenders
• Recovery of property
• Regulation of non- criminal act
• Performance of Related
Miscellaneous Service
 POLICE ORGANIZATIONS
AND
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATIONS
What is a Organization?
A group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.
A form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective.
The process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed,
defining and delegating Responsibility and Authority and establishing
relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work effectively.
Organization are normally structured on a superior-subordinate
relationship, therefore, authority is a universal element of all
organization. And Leadership is a personal quality which exhorts willing
collaboration toward common goal.
 POLICE ORGANIZATION
 A group of trained personnel in the field of
public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that
promotes the maintenance of peace and
order, protection of life and property,
enforcement of the laws and the prevention
of crimes.
 Objectives of Police Organization

• To Attain effectiveness in the enforcement of

law and efficiency of law enforces
• To attain a low crime volume and crime rate
• To attain a maximum degree of solution and
criminal convictions of law violators
• To attain maximum degree in the protection of
lives and properties.
What is Administration?
It is an organizational process concerned the
implementation of objectives and plans and internal
operating efficiency that connotes bureaucratic
structure and behavior, relatively routine decision
making and maintenance of the internal order.
 POLICE ADMINISTRATION
 It is the process involved in ensuring strict
compliance, proper obedience of laws and
related statutes that focuses on the policing
system or how law enforcement agencies are
organized and manage in order to achieve the
goals of law enforcement most effectively,
efficiently and productively.
Functions in the police organization
a. Primary or line Functions – these are the functions
that carry out major purposes of the organization ,
deliver the services and deal directly with the public.
Ex. Patrolling, traffic duties and crime investigation.
b. Staff Administrative Functions – these are the
functions that designed to support the line functions
and assist in the performance of the line functions.
Planning, research , budgeting and legal advice.
c. Auxiliary Functions – these are the
functions involving logistical operations of
the organizations such communication,
maintenance, records management,
supplies and equipment management.
 Organic Unit in a Police Organization
Operational unit - those that perform primary or line
functional like patrol, traffic investigation and vice control.
Administrative unit – perform the administrative functions
like personnel, finance, planning and training.
Service unit – perform auxiliary functions such as
communication and records management.
 Functional Units
 Bureau – the largest organic functional unit within a large department. It
comprises of numbers of divisions. The PNP is a bureau under the
Department of the Interior and Local Government.

Division – a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section – functional unit within a particular division that is necessary for

specialization.

Unit – functional group within a section where further specialization is

needed; or the smallest functional group with in an organization.
 Territorial Units
Post – a fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office or
an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty. It is a spot
location for general guard duty.

Route – a length of streets designated for patrol

purposes. It is also called LINE BEAT.

Beat – An area assigned for patrol purposes, whether

foot or motorized.
Sector – An area containing two or more beats,
routes, or posts.

District – a geographical subdivision of a city

for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.

Area – a section or territorial division of a large

city each comprised of designated districts.
 Principles of Police Organization
1. Principle of Unity of Objectives. An organizational
structure is effective if it enables individuals to
contribute to the organizations/ unit objectives.
2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency. An
Organization structure is effective if it is structured
to aid the accomplishment of the organization’s
objectives with a minimum, of unsought
consequences or costs.
3. The Scalar Principle. It prescribes the vertical hierarchy of
organizations. It defines an unbroken chain or scale of units
from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
This principle demands the following condition on to achieve
effective coordination:
A. Unity of Command. It defines a hierarchical system in
which a subordinate is accountable to one and only one
immediate superior. This is indispensable to achieve effective
coordination and cooperation. Any violation to this principle
undermines authority, jeopardizes discipline, disturbs order
and threatens stability in the organization.
B. Span of Control. This relates to the number of
subordinates a superior can effectively supervise. There is no
exact mathematical ratio in superior-subordinate
relationship. A satisfactory span of control is determined by
the four factors combined:
1. managerial ability of superior;
2. effectiveness of organizational communication system;
3. effectiveness of management control exercised over
operations; and
4. organizational Philosophy on centralization versus
decentralization of authority and function.
 C. Delegation of Authority. Scalar process refers to the
growth of the chain of command resulting in the creation of
additional levels in the organizational structure with the
corresponding position and officer to assume the delegated
authority. Span of Control necessitates delegation of
authority.
4. functional principle – prescribes the horizontal growth of
the organization which applies to both line and staff functions
in the organization. The dynamic foundation of functional
process is the division of labor. It simply means the breaking
up of works units to achieve specialization.
5. Line and Staff principles – a line organization refers to the
functions that carry the direct accomplishment of its adjectives. The
staff on the other hand , refers to the organizations functions in an
advisory, facilitative and supportive capacity to the line functions.
6. Directorial Staff Principle – the directorial authority of the
directorate in the national and regional levels and other equivalent
units to which the functions of the line and staff programs are
aligned.
7. Principle of Balance – in every structure there is a need for
equilibrium or equality. The application of principles or techniques
must be balance to ensure the overall effectiveness of the structure
in meeting the organizations objectives.
8. Principle of Delegation – authority delegated to all individual
managers should be clear adequate and unequivocal to ensure
their ability to accomplish the expected results.
9. Principle of absoluteness of responsibility – the responsibility
of the subordinates to their superiors for performance to
absolute, and the superiors are accountable for the
subordinates activities.
10. principle of parity of authority and responsibility – the
responsibility for actions cannot be greater than that expressly
or impliedly delegated authority nor should it be less.
11. Authority level principle – maintenance or intended delegations
requires that decisions within the authority of individual commander
should be made and not to be referred upward in the organizational
structure.
12. Principle of Flexibility – the more provisions are made for building
flexibility in an organizational structure, the more adequately an
organizations structure can fulfill its purpose. Devices and techniques for
anticipating and reacting to change must be built into every structure.
13. Principle of Leadership Facilitation – the organizations structure and
delegated authority enable its leaders/commanders to design and
maintain an environment for performance thus, it will help its leaders
and organization to accomplish its purpose.
14. Completed Staff work principle – actions of staff offices
must be completed staff actions. A completed staff action
includes a analysis of a problem, consideration of all feasible
courses of action, and recommended solutions in which the
commander can approve or disapprove.
15. Chain of command – it’s the hierarchal relationship of
positions through which the primary functions of the
organization are performed.
a. Top echelon- the top most in the chain where the
overall responsibility and authority over subordinate
commands and units its placed.
b. Middle echelon- the next lower echelon
constitute subordinates command/units
apportioned by the commander in order to
accomplish his task . Each of these subordinate
commanders is responsible to the common superior
for the accomplishment of his assigned task.
The Regional Commands and National Support Units
and Provincial/City Commands/NCR Districts belong
to the middle echelon. However, for purposes of
clarity, this echelon is further categorized as follows:
• Police Regional Offices/NSU’s Top middle echelon
• Provincial/City Police Offices/NCR District Offices
intermediary middle echelon
• Municipal Police Offices/Numbered Police Station
lower middle echelon
c. Lower Echelon. The lower echelon is comprised of the
subordinate units further apportioned by subordinate commanders
such as the municipal and city police station.A commander
apportions his tasks to his subordinates to an extent dictated
primarily by the nature of the task, availability of material and
human resources.
16. Command Authority. This is the responsibility of the
commander to plan, organize, direct, coordinate, and control PNP
forces or units in order to accomplish an assigned mission or task.
Included on such responsibility are matters of health, welfare,
moral, training and discipline of subordinates.
17. Command Responsibility. The commander is responsible for all that
his subordinates or unit does or fails to do. This responsibility can never
be delegated otherwise it would constitute an abdication of his role as a
commander. He alone answers for the success or failure of his command
in all circumstances.
18. Staff Authority. It is the commander that delegates authority to a
particular staff officer to take action on matters within the bounds of
command policies. The staff officer issue orders in the name of the
commander who assumes responsibility for such orders. The authority
delegated among the staff officers varies with the level and mission of the
command, the urgency of operations and the relationship of the staff
officers functional area.
19. Staff Responsibility. Staff officers are those
tasked with a functional areas of interest. Each is
responsible for the accomplishment of all staff
actions within his area of interest. However, such
responsibility does not carry, command authority
over other staff officer or other elements of the
command.
 THE EVOLUTION
OF
POLICING SYSTEM
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
2300 B.C – Sumerians Lipithstar & Eshumma – set
standards on what constituted an offense against
society – the Sumerian Code
2100 B.C – Babylonians – Code of King Hammurabi –
Principle LEX TALIONES – oldest harsh code.
1500 B.C – Egyptians – Court system presided by
judges appointed by the Pharoah; Marine patrol &
custom house officers protecting commerce started;
first use of dog patrol; Medjays – civilian police under the
command of a military.
Ancient Greece – Ephori – law enforcers
Ancient Rome – 12 Tabulae (12 Tables) – the first
written laws, Emperor Augustus – created the
Praetorian Guard, Urban Cohorts (City Patrol),
and the Vigiles (fire fighters); Emperor Justinian
– Justinian Code became known as
Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Law)
Vigiles –first civilian police force which keep the
peace very ruthlessly, hence the word vigilantes.
Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (600-1006 Ad)
a. Tun Policing System. A system of policing that
emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby
all male residents were required to guard the
town (tun) in order to preserve peace and
protect the lives and properties of the people.
Ten families in a town is called tithing. Each
tithing elected a leader who was known as the
Tithingman. Since 10 tithings amounted to 100
families, the leader of the 100 families was
named Reeve. Both the Tithingman and Reeve
were elected officials. They possessed judicial
power as well as police authority.
b. Hue and Cry. Provided methods of
apprehending a criminal by an
act of the complainant’s shout
in order to call all male
residents to assemble and
arrest the suspect.
Horn – oldest known warning
device.
 c. Trial by Ordeal
A judicial practice wherein the guilt or innocence of
the accused is determined by subjecting him to an
unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. The
word “ordeal” is derived from the Medieval Latin
word “Judicium Dei” which means “Judgement of
God”
 Normal Period of Policing System (1066-1225 Ad)
 Shire-a division of fifty-five (55)Military areas in
a.Shire-Reeve England when it was under the Regime of France.
 Rieve(The head-man)- the military leader
(lieutenants of the army) who was in charge of
) the Shires.
 Constabuli or The Keeper of the Horse-
appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his
duties. It is where the word constable was
derived.
 Shire-Rieve-A person with absolute powers that
no one could questions his or her actions. It is
where the word sheriff was derived.
b. Travelling Judge The judge selected to hear
cases which were formerly
being decided by the Shire-
Rieve and tasked to travel
through an area and hear and
decide criminal cases. This was
the first instance of the division
of the police and judicial
powers.
c. Leges Henrici Primi or Laws of Henry I
It is an act that was enacted during this period,
to wit:
 offenses were classified as against the king and
individual;
 policeman becomes public servant;
 the police and the citizens have the broad power
to arrest. It introduced the system called
“citizen’s arrest”;and
 grand jury was created to inquire on the facts of
the case.
 The law enacted upon the demand of the
d. Magna Carta. Knights of the Round Table forcing the King
to sign the same to, wit:
 no freeman shall be taken or
imprisoned except by legal judgement;
and
 no person shall be tried for murder
unless there is a proof of the body of
the victim
e. Frankpledge System. It is a system of policing whereby
a group of ten (10)
neighboring male residents
whose ages are over twelve (12)
years old were required to
guard the town in order to
preserve peace and protect the
lives and properties of the
people.
 Westminster Period of Policing System (1285-1500)
a. Statute of 1295. The law that marks the beginning of the
curfew hours which demanded the closing of the gates of
London during sunset. Curfew system was adopted.
b. Justice of the Peace. Three or four men who were learned
in the law of the land were given authority to pursue an arrest,
chastise and imprison violators of the law. They handled
felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of cities or village
ordinances. This was later abolished about 75 years later.
c. Courts of the Star-Chamber (1487). It is a special court
designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-
up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given
great powers such as the power to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality
on the part of the judges.

d. Keepers of the Peace – time of King Richard

appoint – Knights to keep the King’s Peace
e. The Charlies – time of King
Charles – appoint – night
watchers known as Bellmen -
on duty from sunset to
sunrise
f. Bow Street Runner – time
of Henry Fielding,
appointment of foot patrol,
horse patrol (mounted
patrol).
 Modern Period of Policing System
In 1829 Sir Robert Peel introduced the
Metropolitan Police Act which was passed by the
Parliament of England. This period was the
milestone of England’s police force. Sir Robert
Peel became famous and was considered as the
Father of Modern Policing System
 Peel’s Concepts of Policing
1. The police should be organized along military lines.
2. The police should be placed under screening and
training.
3. The police should be hired on a probationary basis.
4. The police should be deployed by time and by area.
5. Police headquarters should be accessible to the
people.
6. Police-Record keeping is essential.
 Peel’s Principles of Law Enforcement
1. The police are the public and the public are the police.
2. The police represent the law.
3. The police must render impartial enforcement of the
law.
4. The police must have the full respect of the citizenry.
5. The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police
efficiency.
6. A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for
the police.
7. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of
force increases.
8. Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the
police.
9. Physical force is used only as a last resort.
In France
16th Century - Paris had two patrols: Citizen Night Guard;
and the Royal Guard for the king’s protection. The Guard
motto that even today is on the French police emblem
“Vigilat ut Quiescant” - “He watches that they may sleep”
They were also called GENDARMIE – slang for police officers
1791 - The position of “Officers de Paix” was formed
(origin of “Peace Officer”)
The first French Police Officers - Sergent de Ville’ - servant of the city
In Italy
 Italian – Carabinieri
In the United States

Boston, 1636 – formed the first “Night Watch” – they were

called “Leathermen”

Philadelphia, 1833 – instituted the first daytime, paid police

service

New York, 1844 – organized the first modern American

police force based on the English Metropolitan police.
 EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM
AND BRIEF HISTORY OF PNP

 The institution of police in the Philippines formally

started during the Spanish period. The establishment
of the police force was not entirely intended for crime
prevention or peacekeeping, but it was also created as
an extension of the Spanish colonial military
establishment.
Spanish Period
a. Carabineros. It was organized in 1712 for the purpose of
carrying the regulations of the Department of State. They were
armed and considered as the mounted police.
b. Guadrilleros/Cuadrillo. They were rural police organized in each
town and established by the Royal Decree on January 18,
1836.This decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male
inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police
organization for three years.
c. Guardia Civil. This was created by a Royal Decree issued by the
Crown on February 12, 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish
Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns.
 THE HUMBLE BEGINNING.
 The eventual capture of the elusive leader of the first Philippine
Republic, General Emillio F. Aguinaldo, on March 23 1901, is an
event that signaled the end of Filipino-American War, however
the restoration of peace and order in the Philippines remained
a vexing problem to the colonizing Americans
  The Americans established the United States Philippine
Commission headed by General Howard Taft as first governor-
general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of
Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft
Commission. This was the basis for the celebration of the
anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every 9 of January.
 PHILIPPINE COMMISSION IMPLEMENTS ACT NO. 175
 
 Organic Act No 175. Vice Governor Luke E. Wright proposed the
passage of Organic Act No. 175 which recommended the
creation of an Insular Force. On July 18, 1901, the proposed
ordinance was approved by the Second Philippine Commission.
On August 8, 1901, the Insular Constabulary was established
under the general supervision of the Civil Governor for
maintaining peace, law and order in all the provinces of the
. Philippines.
 On August 8, 1901, with the sanction of the Us War
Department, Henry T. Allen, a graduate of the U.S Military
Academy, was officially designated by the commission as Chief
of Constabulary. Allen issued General Orders No. 1 appointing
some sixty-eight (68) hand picked officers, mostly from the U.S
volunteers, In act accordance with Act No. 175.
Capt. Henry Allen. He was the first Chief of the Philippine
Constabulary in 1901.
Act No. 183. It created the Manila Police Department, enacted on
July 31, 1901.
Act No 255. The act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into
Philippine Constabulary, enacted on October 3, 1901.
DECENTRALIZATION OF CONTROL
 
 On October 14, 1901, the PC Chief issued General Orders
no. 49, grouping the pacified provinces into three (3)
Constabulary Districts.

 The first district included the provinces of Bataan, Bulacan,

Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Tarlac and the City of
Manila where the District Headquarters was located. Chief
Baker was assigned District Inspector.
 The second district was composed of the provinces of
Albay, Ambos, Camarines (now Camarines Norte and
Camarines Sur), Cavite, Masbate, Sorsogon, and Tayabas
(now Quezon), which then included the island of
Marinduque. The headquarters was set in Lucena, Tayabas
headed by Major Taylor.
 The third district comprised the provinces of Antique,
Bohol, Capiz, Iloilo, Leyte, Misamis,( occidental and oriental
) Negros (occidental and oriental) Samar, and Surigao. This
district was under Captain Goldsborough with district
headquarters Iloilo.
 
POLICE INTEGRATION
 The places affected by police integration were in the outskirts of
Manila like Caloocan and Pasay which became the favorite refuge of
rebel and criminals from Manila. In 1904 the PC Chief was Re-
designated as Director of Constabulary and the routine police duties
in these areas were entrusted to the PC.
 June 13, 1904, the PC chief created through General Order No. 73,
two new District
 The fourth District which comprised the provinces of Abra,
Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos norte, Ilocos sur, La union, Mountain
Province and Nueva Vizcaya with the headquarters in San Fernando
later transferred to Baguio City
 The fifth district, with the headquarters in Zamboanga, embraced all
the provinces of Mindanao and Sulu.
FILIPINIZATION OF THE CONSTABULARY

 The gradual Filipinazation of the constabulary officer

corps proved to be a sound move for world war I which
was soon to break out and drag United States into it.
Many of the top constabulary American officers joined
the U.S, expeditionary Forces to the France. This
development gave Filipinos the opportunity to run the
Constabulary themselves .
 Brig. Gen. Rafael T. Crame – who appointed PC Chief in
December 1917. Thus for the first time in its sixteen (16) years
of existence, with the assumption of Brig. Gen. Crame the
stabulary District were renamed. The forth district came to
known as the district of Northern Luzon, based in San Fernando,
la Union; the first district was renamed District of Central Luzon;
the second district was renamed Southern Luzon; 3rd district
was renamed District Visayas and the 5th district was renamed
district of Mindanao based on Zamboanga.
1917 – PC Filipinization – Brig. Gen. Rafael T.
Crame – First Filipino Chief of PC
THE CONSTABLE UNDER THE COMMONWEALTH ACT.

- The national Defense Act or Commonwealth Act

No. 1 of December 1935 was enacted, creating
the Philippine Army.
- The Philippine constabulary personnel and duties
were transferred to the control of the Chief of
staff of the Philippine Army pursuant to Executive
Order No. 11 dated January 11, 1936
 

 
-The insular police duties of the defunct Philippine
Constabulary were entrusted to the state police
created by Commonwealth Act No. 88 and
approved October 26, 1936

1935 – PC Personnel were absorbed by the

Philippine Army
1936 – Commonwealth Act #88 created the
State Police
.
THE CONSTABULARY RECONSTITUTED
 
 The approval of commonwealth Act No. 343 on June 25,
1938 Reconstituted the Philippine Constabulary. The act
was further implemented by President Quezon’s Executive
Order No. 153, withdrew the Philippine Constabulary from
the army as an independent unit as a National Police Force.
1938 – Commonwealth Act #343 – reconstituted the
Philippine Constabulary – PC became an independent
National Police Force
1939 - The Manila Police Department introduced
the bicycle patrol.
THE CONSTABLE DURING WORLD WAR II
 
 The Filipino nation woke up in the morning of December 8,
1941 to the grim news of the Japanese surprise in attack
on pearl Harbor. General MacArthur was stunned by the
news, he knew that the archipelago was in grave danger on
time.
 The Japanese naval planes from Formosa attacked Clark
Field in Pampanga and Iba Field in Zamboanga.
1941 - The Japanese Military Police (Kempetai)
took over MPD. (MANILA POLICE DISTRICT)
THE CONSTABLE UNDERGOUND
 
 Guerrilla units sprang at all parts of the country by the
middle of 1942. The existence of guerrillas in the
Philippines reached General MacArthur through a radio
message relayed In June by Colonel Nakar, a Guerrilla leader
in Central Luzon.
 The Mindanao Guerrilla movements (MGM) was the best
organized in the conduct of Guerrilla operations.
 The Visayan Resistance Movements (VRM), the Mindanao
guerrillas were able to make early contacts with Australia.
 
RA 4864 - It is otherwise known as the Police
Professionalization Act of 1966 which was
enacted on September 8, 1966. It created the
Police Commission(POLCOM) that was renamed
into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
 PROCLAMATION NO. 1081

 The New People’s Army (NPA) and the Military arm of the
revitalized Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was
openly defying government troops in the countryside.
 
 On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos
proclaimed Martial Law throughout the country by the
virtue of Proclamation 1081.
 
PD 765 - It is otherwise known as the Integration Act of
1975, enacted on August 8, 1975. It established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the
Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and Integrated
Local the Police Forces as components. The authority of
the NAPOLCOM over the INP was transferred to the Office
of the President and later to the Ministry of National
Defense.
CREATION OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
 
 Law enforcement is vital to the stability and progress of all
nations.
 Republic Act No. 6975 was signed into the law on December
13, 1990 by the President Corazon c. Aquino calling for the
creation of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the
reorganization of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG)
R.A. 6975 – Creation of the Philippine National Police (PNP)
that is civilian in character and national in scope (Constitution)
 On January 29, 1991 at Camp Crame, the Philippine
Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were
retired and the PNP was activated in its place.
 
 On August 1992, due to the adverse publicities about
policemen in the service, The Newly elected President
Fidel Ramos sought measures to restore the people faith
by revamping the PNP. Director General Nazareno was
relieved and transferred to the office of President and
replacing him in acting capacity was Deputy Director
General Raul S. Imperial. This was on August 28, 1992.
 On October 28, 1992, after the retirement of
General Cesar P. Nazareno, Director General Raul
S. Imperial became the second PNP Chief – His
term was short-lived because he retired on May 6,
1993.
 
 After a revamp of the PNP, President Fidel V.
Ramos appointed Director General Umberto R.
Rodgriguez as the third Chief PNP on May 6, 1993
Republic Act No.8551. It is known as the “PNP Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998”which was enacted on February 27,
1998 amending certain provisions of Republic No. 6975 and
allowing the reorganization of PNP to enable to cope up and
effectively perform its mandate-to enforce the low, prevent and
control crimes, maintain peace and order and ensure public safety
and internal security with active support of the community.
RA 9708. It is the law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA
8551 on the minimum educational qualification for appointment to
the PNP and adjusting the promotion system.It took effect on
August 12, 2009.
PNP ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
 It is the systematic arrangement of the
relationship of the members, positions,
departments and functions or work of the
organization. It comprises the functions,
relationships, responsibilities and authorities of
individuals within the organization.
 Kinds of Organizational Structures
1. Line
 It is the oldest and simplest kind and is also called military
 It is defined by its clear chain of command from the highest
to the lowest and vice versa.
 It depicts the line functions of the organization.
 It involves few departments.
 Orders or commands must come from the higher level of
authority before it can be carried out.
2. Functional
 It is a structure according to functions and
specialized units.
 It depicts staff functions of the organization.
 Responsibilities are divided among authorities
who are all accountable to the authority above.
3. Line and staff
 It is a combination of the line and functional kind.
 It combines the flow of information from the line structure
with the staff departments that service, advise, and support
them.
 It is generally more formal in nature and has many
departments.
 The Philippine National Police follow the line and staff kind
of organizational structure.
 THE PNP ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP

PNP Staff and Support Units

The Chief of the Philippine National Police  

Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for
Administration
Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for
Operations
The Chief of Directorial Staff
NATIONAL OFFICE IS COMPOSE OF THE FOLLOWING:

1. The Office of the Chief PNP

2. The Office of Deputy Chief for Administration
3. The Office of Deputy Chief for Operations
4. The Office of Chief, Directorial Staffs
5. The ten (10) Staff Directorates
Directorial Staff (Functional Staff)
 
1.      Directorate for Personnel - Record Management
2.      Directorate for Intelligence
3.      Directorate for Operations
4.      Directorate for Investigation
5.      Directorate for Logistics
6.      Directorate for Plans
7.      Directorate for Comptrollership
8.      Directorate for Police Community Relations
9.  Directorate for Human Resources and Doctrine
Development
10.    Directorate for Research and Development
Administrative Support Units
1. Logistic Service
2. Legal Service
3. Health Service
4. Computer Service
5. Training Service
6. Engineering Service
7. Headquarters Support Service
8. Finance Service
9. Communications-Electronics Service
10. Chaplain Service
Operational Support Units
 
1.      Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
2.      Crime Laboratory
3.      Special Action Force
4.      Police Intelligence Group
5.      Police Highway Patrol Group
6.      Police Security and Protective Group
7.      Civil Security Group
8.      Maritime Security Group
9.      Police Community Relations Group
10.    Aviation Security Group
 
M
  ANNING LEVELS

 The manning levels of the PNP shall be approximately in

accordance with a police –to population ratio of one (1)
policeman for every five-hundred (500) persons.
 However the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not
be less than one (1) policeman for every one thousand
(1,000) persons

• Urban areas shall have a higher minimum police-to-

population ratio as prescribe by regulations promulgated
by NAPOLCOM.
  RANK CLASSIFICATION
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
PNP ARMY
Director General (DG) General
Deputy Director General (DDG) Lieutenant General
Director (DIR) Major General
Chief Superintendent (CSUPT) Brigadier General
Senior Superintendent (SR SUPT) Colonel
Superintendent (SUPT) Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector (CINSP) Major
Senior Inspector (SR INSP) Captain
Inspector (INSP) Lieutenant
 
NCOs
PNP ARMY
Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV) Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer III (SPO III) Technical Sergeant
Senior Police Officer II (SPO II) Staff Sergeant
Senior Police Officer I (SPO I) Sergeant
Police Officer III (PO III) Corporal
Police Officer II (PO II) Private First Class
Police Officer I (PO I) Private
 
 

RECRUITMENT AND
SELECTION
  RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION
 Section 14 of Republic Act. No. 8551 amended
Section 30 of Republic Act No. 6975 prescribing the
minimum qualifications for appointment of
uniformed personnel in the Philippine National
Police.
 Memorandum Circular No. 1993-015, 2003-009 and
2005-012 – ensure the entry of highly qualified
individuals into police service
  Recruitment
• It is the process of attracting candidates
who have the maximum qualifications to be
eligible for the selection procedure
• It is the process of searching the candidates
for employment and encouraging them to
apply for jobs in the organization
  PERSONNEL POLICIES
1. Uniformed personnel to the rank of Police Officer 1 (Patrolman)
shall be based on the principle of merit and fitness and shall be
open to all qualified men and women.
2. PNP shall reserve 10% of all its annual quotas for qualified
women.
3. There shall be no discrimination on account of gender, religion,
ethnic origin or political affiliation
4. The annual attrition and regular quota which shall specify the
recruitment allocation of the national, regional, provincial district
and city.
5.
  there shall be established a Screening Committee at the national
headquarters, police regional offices and national support units.
6. the number of applicants for initial screening shall not be more than
150% of the recruitment quota allocated to the particular unit.
7. no person shall be appointed Police Officer 1 unless he or she
possesses the minimum qualification provided for under Section 14 R.A
8551.
8. Preference shall be accorded to the applicants who are residents of the
city/municipality where the quota was allocated.
9. the age, height and weight requirements for initial appointment in the
PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified applicants falls
below the approved quota.
10.
  as much as possible and practicable, recruitment shall be
conducted by the Police Regional Office and national support unit to
prevent the applicant from applying in two or more recruiting units.
11. the issuance of appointment shall be in accordance with Civil
Service rules and regulations and NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular
No. 2007- 009
12. the whole recruitment process shall be transparent and conducted
with the most reasonable cost on the part of PNP and the applicant.
13. the strict implementation of NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular
No. 2007-009.
GENERAL
  QUALIFICATION AND STANDARDS
1. A Citizen of the Philippines
2. A person of good moral character
3. Must passed the psychiatric/ psychological, Physical,
medical, dental, and drug test to be administered by the PNP
health Service and Crime Service.
4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a
recognized learning institution
5. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by
the Commission.
6.
  Must not have been dishonorably discharge from military
employment or an AWOL or dropped from Rolls.
7. Must have no pending criminal case in any court.
8. Must not have been convicted by final judgement of an offense
or crime.
9. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 cms.)
for male and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 cms.) for
female
10. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms from the
standard weight corresponding to height, age and sex
11. Must not less than 21 years old or more than 30 years of age.
 
APPROPRIATE ELIGIBILITIES

1. NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination

2. R.A No. 6506 – Licensed Criminologist
3. R.A No. 1080- Board and Bar Examination
4. Civil Service Eligibilities
  PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES
1. Preparation and Approval of Recruitment Program
2. Dissemination
3. Recruitment and Selection Process at the city or
municipal Level for attrition quota only
4. Selection and Evaluation process by the committee.
5. Certification by NAPOLCOM and Attestation by CSC
6. Issuance of appointment orders and Oath taking
  APPOINTING AUTHORITIES

1. The chief PNP for applicants recruited at the

national level
2. The PNP regional Director for applicants recruited
at the regional level
3. The Director of national support Unit for
applicants recruited by such particular unit.
  STATUS OF APPOINTMENT
1. Temporary appointment
2. Permanent appointment
PROCEDURE IN THE TERMINATION
1. Grave Administrative Offence- such as grave misconduct,
incompetence, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government. Lack of
Aptitude in the service such as academic deficiency, serious
violation of training rules, failure to complete the required FTP.
2. Physical Incapacity – inability to perform duties and
responsibilities due to “unfit” physical capability
3. Mental Incapacity - inability to perform duties and
responsibilities due to “unfit” mental capability
 
TERMINATION AUTHORITIES
The Chief PNP
PNP Regional Directors and
The National Support Unit Directors
  
FILLING –UP OF VACANCY
- Filling up due to the termination of new police officer
- Vacancy caused by resignation, separation of new police
officer
- There are excess qualified applicants who have been
officially declared and published as alternates in case of
vacancy.
- Appointing authorities shall immediately sign the
alternates appointments paper
- It is very important that the qualified applicants in excess
of the quota shall be declared as alternate’s.
 

GRANT OF LEAVE
1. Leave without Pay and Allowances
2. causes for Non Completion of the
PNP