Biotechnology

Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to
develop or create different products. Brewing and baking bread are examples of processes that
fall within the concept of biotechnology (use of yeast (= living organism) to produce the desired
product). Biotechnology uses living cells to develop or manipulate products for specific
purposes, such as genetically modified foods. Biotechnology provides farmers with tools that
can make production cheaper and more manageable. For example, some biotechnology crops
can be engineered to tolerate specific herbicides, which make weed control simpler and more
efficient.

specific sample of specialties of biotechnology

white biotechnology
- also known as industrial biotechnology, this term refers to the process of producing
industrial products like chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals, food, and energy carriers
using microorganisms and their enzymes. For the production of industrial items, forestry
and agricultural waste as well as these renewable raw materials are utilized. The
industry only uses white biotechnology to swap out polluting technologies for healthy
ones.

Reference:
Niglia, S. (2020). Things You Need To Know About White Biotechnology. Explore Biotech.
https://explorebiotech.com/about-white-biotechnology/

yellow biotechnology
- The oldest branch of biotechnology is known as yellow biotechnology. It is also known as
nutritional biotechnology or insect biotechnology since it uses insects or microbes to
produce more nutritious food products for us. Genetic engineering is the main tool for the
removal and addition of particular gene codes in organisms, plants, or animals. So by
removing unwanted genes from the plants plants or animals and the addition of useful
genes provides more nutritious, healthy, and tasty food. Majorly grown agricultural crops
like maize, rice, wheat paddy. tomato, eggplant, bean, cauliflower, potato, apple, orange,
etc. are already genetically modified and successfully grown at the commercial level.
Similarly, animals that are used for eggs and meat production are also genetically
modified for high-quality eggs and meat.

References:
Admin. (2021, September 26). Overview of Yellow Biotechnology. BioTechBug.
https://www.biotechbug.in/2021/05/overview-of-yellow-biotechnology.html
One example of white biotechnology:

White biotechnology is widely used in the development of bio-based fuels and energy. For
example, microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast can be used to produce biofuels like
ethanol and butanol from biomass sources such as corn, sugarcane, and other plant materials.
Enzymes can also be used to break down cellulose and other complex molecules in biomass to
release sugars that can be fermented into biofuels.

One example of a company using white biotechnology for bio-based fuels is Novozymes.
Novozymes is a Danish biotechnology company that produces enzymes and microorganisms for
a variety of industrial applications, including biofuels. The company's enzymes are used in the
production of biofuels like ethanol, which is a renewable fuel source that can be used to power
vehicles.

References:

Novozymes. (n.d.). Bioenergy.

https://www.novozymes.com/en/advance-your-business/bioenergy.

One example of yellow Biotechnology:

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops, providing a staple food for millions of people
worldwide. It is an excellent source of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and minerals, but it is
relatively low in dietary fiber, which is a vital nutrient for maintaining good digestive health. Low
fiber intake has been linked to various health problems, including constipation, bowel disorders,
and an increased risk of certain chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

Researchers have used biotechnological tools to develop wheat varieties with higher fiber
content. This process involves identifying genes that regulate fiber production in wheat and then
manipulating these genes to increase fiber production. The most commonly used method for
this is genetic engineering, which involves introducing new genes into the wheat genome using
recombinant DNA technology.

It involves using conventional breeding techniques to develop high-fiber wheat varieties. This
process involves selecting wheat plants with high fiber content and breeding them with other
high-fiber wheat plants to produce offspring with even higher fiber content. This process is
time-consuming and labor-intensive, but it does not involve genetic modification and is therefore
more acceptable to some consumers.

In conclusion, biotechnological tools have provided a means of developing wheat varieties with
higher fiber content, which can have significant health benefits for consumers. While genetic
engineering has shown promising results, it remains a controversial topic, and more research is
needed to evaluate its long-term effects on both human health and the environment

CONCLUSION:
•Biotechnology uses living organisms or their parts to create products for specific purposes.

•White biotechnology produces industrial products using microorganisms, while yellow

biotechnology creates more nutritious food products using genetic engineering.

References:

Li, J., Yang, J., Li, Y., & Ma, L. (2020). Current strategies and advances in wheat biology. Crop
Journal, 8(6), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.03.004