Memo

Rev.Date Rev. Document ID

2005-06-08 A
Prepared by Approved by
Knut Aurbakken
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.
Performance

1. INTRODUCTION
A brief description of relevant ITU standards to be applied for performance of radio relay systems is given.
Figures showing allowed second for worst month are also presented.

The document is based on standards in force May 2005. Some previous standards are commented.

2. RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 ITU-T
ITU-T series G describes transmission systems and Media, digital systems and Networks.

Recommendation G.828:
Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate synchronous digital
paths.

Recommendation G.826:
Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or
above the primary rate.

Recommendation G.821:
Error performance of an international digital connection operating at a bit rate below the primary
rate and forming part of an Integrated Services Digital Network.

As seen from the above text, G.828 applies to SDH systems only. Other radio relay systems may be
described by G.826.
G.821 requirements will generally be fulfilled when G.826 or G.828 is fulfilled. Before G826 and G828 were
established, system requirements were provisionally based on G.821.

2.2 ITU-R
ITU-R describes considerations that are specific for radio communication.

Recommendation ITU-R F. 1668:

Error performance objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used in 27 500 km hypothetical
reference paths and connections.

The content described in ITU-R F. 1668 was previously described in the following suppressed
recommendations:
ITU-R F. 1092, ITU-R F. 1189 Suppressed May 2002.
ITU-R F. 1397, ITU-R F. 1491 Suppressed Jan 2005.

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

3. ERROR PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

3.1 Error performance parameters G826/ G828.

The following applies both to G826 and G828:

Errored block (EB): A block in which one or more bits are in error.

Errored second (ES): A one second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.
Errored second ratio (ESR): The ratio of ES in available time to total seconds in available time during a
fixed measurement interval.

Severely errored second (SES): A one-second period which contains ≥30% errored blocks or at least one
defect. SES is a subset of ES.
Severely errored second ratio (SESR): The ratio of SES in available time to total seconds in available time
during a fixed measurement interval.

Background block error ratio (BBER): The ratio of BBE in available time to total blocks in available time
during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SES.

Worst Month:.The objectives given in ITU-T Recommendations are understood to be long-term objectives
to be met over an evaluation period of typically 30 consecutive days (1 month).

3.2 Hypotetical Reference Path and subdivision

Both G.826 and G.828 have the same apportionment methodology.
End to end requirements for a hypotetical reference path are defined as well as a subdivision of National and
International connections.
National networks are further divided in ITU-R recommendations.

Intermediate countries
Terminating (Note 3) Inter-country Terminating
country (e.g. Path country
carried over
PEP a submarine PEP
(Note 1) IG IG IG IG cable) IG (Note 1)

National International portion National

portion portion
Hypothetical Reference Path
27 500 km T1316640-99

NOTE 1 – If a path is considered to terminate at the IG, only the international portion allocation applies.
NOTE 2 – One or two International Gateways (entry or exit) may be defined per intermediate country.
NOTE 3 – Four intermediate countries are assumed.

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

Figure 1 : Hypothetical reference path (G.828 and G.826)

FIGURE 1
Basic sections of the national portion of the HRP

L
Path
Path national Terminal
Path access Local core international
end-point element exchange element centre
(PEP) (PAE) (LE) (NPCE) Note 1 (TIC)

Access Short haul Long haul

Note 1 – Depending on the country network architecture, this centre may coincide with a primary centre (PC),
secondary centre (SC) or tertiary centre (TC) (see ITU-T Recommendation G.801).

Access: Access network section, including the connections between PEP and the corresponding local access
switching centre/cross connector (LE). It corresponds to the PAE.

Short haul: Short haul inter-exchange network section, including the connections between a local access
switching centre/cross connector (LE) and a PC, SC or TC (depending on the network architecture).

Long haul: Long haul inter-exchange network section, including the connections between a PC, SC or TIC
(depending on the network architecture) and the corresponding international gateway (IG).

Note 2 – TIC, PAE and NPCE are defined in ITU-T Recommendation M.1010.
1668-01

Figure 2: Subdivision of national portion (ITU-R F. 1668).

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

3.3 International portion requirements

For formulas please refer to ITU-R F. 1668.

3.3.1 Intermediate countries

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. International Intermediate SES

500

450

400

350
SES Worst Month [sec]

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

SES G.828 Br=0 SES G.828 Br=1 SES G.826 Br=0 SES G.826 Br=1 Br- Block allowance ratio

Figure 3: SES requirements G.826 and G828 are identical. All bit rates.

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. International Intermediate ES

STM-1
100000
ES Worst Month [sec]

10000

1000

100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

ES G.828 Br=0 ES G.828 Br=1 ES G.826 Br=0 ES G.826 Br=1 Br- Block allowance ratio

Figure 4: ES requirements G.826 and G828. Bit rate 55 -160 Mbit/s.

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

3.3.2 Terminating countries

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. International Terminating SES

500

450

400

350
SES Worst Month [sec]

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

SES G.828 Br=0 SES G.828 Br=1 SES G.826 Br=0 SES G.826 Br=1 Br- Block allowance ratio

Figure 5: SES requirements G.826 and G828 are identical. All bit rates.

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. International Terminating ES

STM-1

100000
ES Worst Month [sec]

10000

1000

100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

ES G.828 Br=0 ES G.828 Br=1 ES G.826 Br=0 ES G.826 Br=1 Br- Block allowance ratio

Figure 6: ES requirements G.826 and G828. Bit rate 55 -160 Mbit/s.

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

3.4 National Portion Requirements

For formulas please refer to ITU-R F. 1668.
Administrations may reallocate the block allowances within the 17.5% national portion between Long Haul,
Short Haul and Access network. Graphs showing figures given in ITU-R F.1668 is shown.

3.4.1 National Long Haul

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. National Long Haul SES

500

450

400
A1%+B%+C%<17.5%
350 (B% and C% refer to National Short Haul and National Access)
SES Worst Month [sec]

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

SES G.828 A1=0.01 SES G.828 A1=0.02 SES G.826 A1=0.01 SES G.826 A1=0.02

Figure 7: SES requirements G.826 and G828 are identical. All bit rates.

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668. National Long Haul ES

STM-1

100000

10000
ES Worst Month [sec]

1000

100
A1%+B%+C%<17.5%
(B% and C% refer to National Short Haul and National Access)
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
System Length [km]

ES G.828 Br=0 ES G.828 Br=1 ES G.826 Br=0 ES G.826 Br=1

Figure 8: ES requirements G.826 and G828. Bit rate 55 -160 Mbit/s.

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Memo
Rev.Date Rev. Document ID
2005-06-08 A
ITU-T G.828, G.826 and ITU-R recommendations.

3.4.2 National Short Haul and National Access

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668.

National Short Haul SES and Access SES

500

450

400
SES Worst Month [sec]

350

300

250
Block based objectives, distance independent.
200
Short Haul and Access objectives have same requirements
150
in seconds
100 15.5%< B%+C% < 16.5%
50 A1%+B%+C%<17.5% (A1% refer to National Long Haul)
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
System Length [km]

SES G.828 B=7.5% ord C=7.5% SES G.828 B=8.5% or C=8.5%

SES G.826 B=7.5% or C=7.5% SES G.826 B=8.5% or C=8.5%

Figure 9: SES requirements G.826 and G828 are identical. All bit rates.

Performance Objective ITU-R F.1668.

National Short Haul ES and Access ES
STM-1
100000
ES Worst Month [sec]

10000

Block based objectives, distance independent.

1000 Short Haul and Access objectives have same requirements
in seconds
15.5%< B%+C% < 16.5%
A1%+B%+C%<17.5% (A1% refer to National Long Haul )
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
System Length [km]

ES G.828 B=7.5% or C=7.5% ES G.828 B=8.5% or C=8.5%

ES G.826 B=7.5% or C=7.5% ES G.826 B=8.5% or C=8.5%

Figure 10: ES requirements G.826 and G828. Bit rate 55 -160 Mbit/s.

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