3.2.5 Practice - From Nucleic Acids To Proteins (Practice)

3.2.
5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins Practice

The Living Earth Sem 1 Name: Bushra Shurrab
Date:
In this practice, you will apply what you have learned in the lesson. Please
answer the questions below. Submit this to your teacher when you are
done.
1. What would be the base sequence for the complementary DNA formed from the
strand of DNA shown below? (1 point)
CGT TA
GCA AT
2. What process do mRNA and tRNA work together to complete? (2 points)
mRNA and tRNA work together to complete translation
3. A gene has a base sequence of GTC. Due to a mutation, the base sequence
changes to GTG. Answer the following questions using the codon table below.
3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 1/8

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a) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, before the
mutation? Hint: In RNA, A pairs with U. (1 point)
CAG
b) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, after the mutation?
Hint: In RNA, A pairs with U. (1 point)
CAC
c) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence before the mutation? Hint: Use the
codon table. (1 point)
Gin

d) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence after the mutation? (1 point)
His
e) Is this a silent mutation or a missense mutation? Explain. Hint: Silent mutations

have no effect on the amino acid. (1 point)
missence
f) What is the difference between a missense mutation and a silent mutation?

(2 points)
A silent mutation does not change the structure of function of the protein, but a missense
mutation changes the protein.
g) If the strand of DNA with the sequence GTA mutated to GTG, would this be a silent

or missense mutation? Hint: Find the RNA for both sequences and check to see that
they code for different amino acids. (1 point)
silent
h) If the strand of DNA with the sequence TTA mutated to TTG, would this be a silent
missense mutation
i) If the strand of DNA with the sequence TGA mutated to GGA, would this be a silent
missense mutation
4. A gene has a base sequence that begins with TAA CTA TGA CGT CG. Answer the
following questions using the codon table from question #3.
a) What RNA sequence would be produced during transcription? Hint: In RNA, A pairs
with U. (1 point)

AAU GAU ACU GCA GC
b) What are the first four amino acids coded by this sequence? Hint: Look up the
amino acids on the codon table. (1 point)
Asn,Asp,Thr,Ala
c) The gene has a frameshift mutation, where the fifth base in the sequence is
deleted. Write the new DNA base sequence. Hint: Rewrite the sequence without the
fifth base. (1 point)
AAU GUA CUG CAG
d) What is the new RNA sequence? Hint: In RNA, A pairs with U. (1 point)
UUA CAU GAC GUC

e) What are the first three amino acids coded by this new mutated sequence? Hint:
Use the codon table. (1 point)
Leu, His, Asp
f) How does the correct amino acid sequence compare to the mutated sequence?
(1 point)
They only have one amino acid that is the same.
5. Which would have a bigger effect on an organism, an error during translation or a

point mutation? Explain in one or two sentences. (1 point)
A point mutation would have a bigger effect because it will create a non-functional protein, while an error in
translation is bad, but not as severe.
6. A gene has the base sequence TAC CG.
a) Give an example of a point mutation on this gene. (1 point)
TAC GG

b) How is it possible for a point mutation to have no effect on the function of the
gene? (1 point)
a point mutation can have no effect on a function if it is a silent mutation.
7. Which would have a bigger effect on an organism, an error during transcription or

a missense mutation? Explain in one or two sentences. (1 point)
A missense mutation would have a bigger affect since it will mess with how the protein functions
8. A gene has the base sequence CGT AT.
a) Give an example of a frameshift mutation on this gene. (1 point)
CGT T
b) Why is it very unlikely for a frameshift mutation to be a silent mutation? (1 point)

A frameshift mutation adds or deletes nucleotides, which then changes what amino acid is coded
for. This will change the protein's function.
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3.2.

5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins Practice

2. What process do mRNA and tRNA work together to complete? (2 points)

mRNA and tRNA work together to complete translation

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 1/8

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 2/8

e) Is this a silent mutation or a missense mutation? Explain. Hint: Silent mutations

f) What is the difference between a missense mutation and a silent mutation?

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 3/8

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 4/8

AAU GUA CUG CAG

UUA CAU GAC GUC

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 5/8

Leu, His, Asp

They only have one amino acid that is the same.

5. Which would have a bigger effect on an organism, an error during translation or a

6. A gene has the base sequence TAC CG.

a) Give an example of a point mutation on this gene. (1 point)

3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 6/8

a point mutation can have no effect on a function if it is a silent mutation.

7. Which would have a bigger effect on an organism, an error during transcription or

8. A gene has the base sequence CGT AT.

a) Give an example of a frameshift mutation on this gene. (1 point)

b) Why is it very unlikely for a frameshift mutation to be a silent mutation? (1 point)

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3.2.5 Practice: From Nucleic Acids to Proteins 8/8

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