Basic Skin Care Training

Making Recruitment Beautiful

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The Skin
Skin is actually your body’s largest organ and is vital to the human body in order to carry out a range of functions, these include:

• Protecting the bodies internal organs and tissues

• Acting as a barrier against infection
• Regulating body temperature
• Enabling the body to detect sensations: touch, pain, heat, and cold

The skin is made up of 3 layers:

The Epidermis is the outer layer and is approximately 0.5-1.5mm thick. It is made up of five layers of cells which work their way
up to the surface of your skin. The dead cells on the surface of the epidermis are shed approximately every two weeks.

The Dermis (which is an underlying layer of fibrous tissue) is approximately 0.3-3mm thick. This is made up of a mix of three
types of tissue. It also contains your hair follicles and sweat glands, as well as small blood vessels and nerves.

The Subcutaneous is the final layer – This layer varies in thickness depending on the person. The subcutaneous contains your
larger blood vessels and nerves. It also regulates the temperature of your skin and body.

Skin can be damaged through:

• Contact with sharp or abrasive objects

• Contact with Electrical Current
• Exposure to extremes of temperature
• Contact with harmful chemicals
• Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation

All of these will damage the cells within the layers of the skin. The severity will vary on how long the skin has been exposed to the
damaging conditions.
The Layers of the Skin
Skin Types
Skin types include normal, oily, dry, and sensitive. Some people also have a combination of
skin types in different areas of their skin. Your skin type can change over time. For example,
younger people are more likely than older people to have a normal skin type.

Skin types vary depending upon factors such as:

• Water content, which affects your skin's comfort and elasticity
• Oil (lipid) content, which affects your skin's softness
• Sensitivity level
Skin Types
Normal Skin Type

Oily Skin Type –
Oily skin can produce:
• Enlarged pores
• Dull or shiny, thick complexion
• Blackheads, pimples, or other blemishes
Normal skin is not too dry and not too oily. It has:
• No or few imperfections
• No severe sensitivity
• Barely visible pores
• A radiant complexion
Combination Skin Type

Dry Skin Type A combination skin type can be dry or normal in some
areas and oily in others, such as the T-zone (nose,
Dry Skin can produce: forehead, and chin). Many people have combination
• Almost invisible pores skin, which may benefit from slightly different types of
skin care in different areas. Combination skin can
• Dull, rough complexion produce:
• Red patches • Overly dilated pores
• Less elasticity • Blackheads
• More visible lines • Shiny skin
Dry Skin
When exposed to drying factors, skin can crack, peel, or become itchy, irritated, or inflamed. If your skin is very dry, it can
become rough and scaly, especially on the backs of your hands, arms, and legs.

Dry skin may be caused or made worse by:

• Genetic factors
• Aging or hormonal changes
• Weather such as wind, sun, or cold
• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from tanning beds
• Indoor heating
• Long, hot baths and showers
• Ingredients in soaps, cosmetics, or cleansers
• Medications

Here are some tips for taking better care of dry skin:

• Take shorter showers and baths, no more than once daily.

• Use mild, gentle soaps or cleansers. Avoid deodorant soaps.
• Don't scrub while bathing or drying.
• Apply a rich moisturizer right after bathing. Ointments and creams may work better than lotions for dry skin but are
often messier. Reapply as needed throughout the day.
• Use a humidifier and don't let indoor temperatures get too hot.
• Wear gloves when using cleaning agents, solvents, or household detergents.
Anti-Ageing Skin Type

The definition of anti-aging is to delay, stop or retard the aging process. Our bodies are made of cells, and aging
occurs when there is cell death. As an infant, child and young adult, our body’s cells are strong, resilient and can
make new cells. As the years advance, our body’s ability to generate new cells diminishes, cell death occurs, and
the aging process ensues.
• Fine noticeable lines
• Prevent the appearance of ageing

Anti-Wrinkle Skin Type

Frown lines and wrinkles may develop due to using facial muscles repeatedly and the natural ageing process. As
we get older the production of collagen and elastic production in the skin slows down causing lines to become
permanent.
• Correction
• Repair
Free Radicals
The free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over
time. A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. While a few free
radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically-relevant free radicals are highly reactive. For
most biological structures, free radical damage is closely associated with oxidative damage. Antioxidants are
reducing agents, and limit oxidative damage to biological structures by passivating them from free radicals.

UVA Rays

• Ageing Rays - ultraviolet light with a relatively long wavelength, able to penetrate the deep layers of the skin.

UVB Rays

• Burning Rays - ultraviolet light with a relatively short wavelength

SPF

• Sun Protection Factor - Numbers on a package can range from as low as 2 to as high as 100. These numbers
refer to the product's ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays.. The amount of sun exposure
depends upon a number of factors including the length of exposure, time of day, geographic location, and
weather conditions.
The Basic 3 Step To Skincare
Cleansing

Proper cleansing to remove dirt, makeup and pollution should be the core of every skin care routine. Try to cleanse or wash
your face twice daily, usually in the morning and then again before going to bed at night. (If your skin is dry, you can skip the
morning wash and simply use water and a soft face cloth or a moisturizing, cream-based cleanser.) Use lukewarm water to
keep irritation to a minimum and avoid harsh cleansers, even if your skin is oily. Strong detergents like sodium lauryl sulphate,
soap, and alcohol strip the moisture barrier from the skin’s surface, leaving it vulnerable to irritation and damage. Always use a
gentle touch and don’t rub too much.

Toning

It is only necessary to use a toner (or astringent) if you skin is oily and still feels sticky after cleansing. Alcohol-based toners will
strip away all the oil on the surface, leaving your skin dry and irritated. This dryness will actually prompt your skin to make
even more oil, so it’s a vicious cycle. If you wish to use a toner, select one for sensitive skin and use it sparingly.
While some companies would like you to believe that using a toner can change the size of your pores, this is not true. Pores
can appear enlarged because of a build-up of dirt and oil, but using a toner will not immediately make them appear smaller.
Proper cleansing and exfoliating will help keep your pores clear, thereby improving their appearance over time.

Moisturising

Moisturising is an optional step for many people. If you have oily skin, you don’t need to add any additional moisture. You
may decide to moisturize around your eyes however, but this is a matter of personal choice. Normal skin can benefit from an
oil-free moisturizer that won’t clog the pores but again, this is up to personal preference. Dry skin sufferers need to moisturize
often however, to soothe tightness and minimize lines. While no moisturizer can prevent wrinkles and lines, it can “plump up”
the skin and make existing lines less noticeable. Some moisturizers contain light-diffusing ingredients that soften the
appearance of lines and make them seem to disappear.
Exfoliators

Exfoliation

Your skin is constantly renewing itself and shedding off dead cells. As you age however, the rate at which your
cells turn over slows down, resulting in a dull, dreary skin tone. Exfoliating, or sloughing, speeds up the process
and produces a brighter, rosier complexion.
There are two basic ways to exfoliate: physical or chemical.

Physical exfoliation

This involves using a grainy facial scrub or buffer pads. Be careful when selecting an exfoliating product, as it is
very easy to go overboard and treat the skin too roughly. Stay away from products containing ground up nut
shells or apricot shells, as these have jagged edges that could damage the skin. Try a product with exfoliating
beads instead, which are round and much gentler. Exfoliate with a scrub or a buffing pad only once or twice a
week.

Chemical exfoliation

These use Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) or Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) to loosen and remove dead skin cells. With
chemical exfoliation, less is more. Use these lotions sparingly, as it is very easy to irritate the skin. If your skin
becomes red and flaky or stings excessively, reduce the amount of product you’re using or apply it every other
day instead of daily. Alpha hydroxy creams and lotions may help with fine lines, irregular pigmentation and age
spots and may improve the appearance of pores by dissolving dirt and oil. Beta hydroxy acid (or salicylic acid)
tends to be gentler on the skin and also does a good job at improving texture and skin tone.
Masks
Face Masks

A facial mask takes place after cleansing, skin analysis, exfoliation, extractions and massage during a
professional facial. Facial masks treat your particular skin type or condition. For instance, if you're dry or
dehydrated, the facial mask should hydrate your skin. If your skin is red or inflamed, the mask should calm
and soothe. If your skin is oily and congested, the facial mask can help draw out impurities from the skin.
Facial masks generally stay on your skin for 10-15 minutes and contain ingredients like clay, black moor
mud, aloe vera, seaweed, algae, essential oils, massage oils, herbs and vitamins

Clay Masks

• help draw oil and dirt to the surface of the skin. They contain clay, kaolin or bentonite for their
tightening and sebum-absorbing effects.

Cream Masks

• or gel masks, are formulated to hydrate and nourish the skin.

Setting Masks

• harden into a rubbery state and aesthetician peels them off at the end. These are cool and refreshing
masks, but not that common because they're tricky to work with
Face Serums & Eye Treatments
Face Serums

A face serum is a clear, thick, liquid beauty product often formulated to target a specific problem. Some people use
them to help reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and dark spots, while others choose formulas that help prevent acne and
brighten the skin. A serum may contain many different ingredients, including vitamin C, rosehip oil, glycerine,
cucumber, and aloe.
Though serums and moisturizers are similar, there are some significant differences between the two. Face serums
are extremely concentrated, which is part of why so little is needed. They are also made of very small molecules,
which allow them to penetrate deeply into the skin, smoothing and healing from the inside out.
Moisturizers, on the other hand, are designed to stay on the top layer of skin, keeping the surface hydrated. They
help keep the skin from being dry, flaky, and dull, making it look soft and supple. Some face serum formulas also
contain moisturizers, eliminating the need for an additional product

Eye Creams

Because the skin around your eyes is thinner, and because of all the tiny muscles in the area, it's more sensitive and
prone to a variety of issues, like puffiness, discoloration, and fine lines and wrinkles. Plus, there are minimal oil
glands around your eyes to help keep the skin naturally hydrated, so finding the right eye cream can help ward off
numerous complexion concerns.
• Dark Circles
• Fine Lines
• Wrinkles
• Soothing
• Calming
• Puffiness
Examples of Client Consultation Questions

• After washing your face in the morning, what time of day do you notice it looks or feels oily? The earlier
in the day, the more likely the client is an oily type; if it’s not until later in the afternoon or never, they are
likely a drier type.

• Do you prefer a foaming cleanser, or would you rather use a creamy non-foaming wash?

• Which products, such as bar soaps, alpha hydroxy serums, retinol products or harsh cleansers or toners,
are you currently using?

• Do you break out? When, where and how often? What do you experience: pustules, papules, rashes or
redness?

• Are you using any skin care products or medicines prescribed by a physician?

• In what type of climate do you live? In a more humid environment, the skin retains more moisture,
reducing barrier function and increasing the penetration of ingredients.

• Is there seasonal climate variation? For example, cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers usually
require two different skin care regimens.

• Do you have a history of underlying disease, such as diabetes, allergies or atrophy?

• Do you have a history of reaction to any products applied to skin?

The Importance Of Hygiene

Every beauty treatment and service needs a work area that is clean, tidy, hygienic and Inviting. This section is about preparing and
maintaining the work area for skincare consultations, makeup, nail, facial and eye treatments.
Setting up involves preparing the tools, equipment and materials needed to carry out the treatment, as well as the seating arrangements
for the client and Beauty Consultant. You will also learn about the disposal of waste after treatments, client records and the importance of
your personal hygiene and appearance.

Preparation:

• Consultation Card / Pen

• Customer File Card
• Tissues
• Cotton Wool
• Cotton Buds
• Spatulas
• Sanitizer / handwash
• Wipes

Cleaning your hands

Explain to the customer that you are going to wash your hands as this gives her confidence in your cleanliness. Make sure that you dry
your hands thoroughly, because wet hands are not clean hands.

Once you are sure you are work station is set up you are ready for your first customer……Good Luck!
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