Home Test

Biology
Student Name

Center Name

IAL (AS Level) Submission Date: 5/09/22

Topic: 1B & 1C

Total Marks Obtain Marks Percentage

40

 Fill in the boxes at top of the page with your

Name, Centre Name.
 Answer all questions.
 Answer the questions in the spaces provided
 The marks for each question are shown in brackets
 Keep an eye on the time.

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1. The heart is part of the mammalian circulatory system.
The diagram below shows a section through the human heart.

(a) Put a cross in the box that completes the following statement.
The blood vessel labelled Q in the diagram is the
(1)

(b) Explain how the structure of a capillary is related to its function.

(2)
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*(c) Describe the role of the heart valves in the cardiac cycle.
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(d) A small number of babies are born with a hole in the septum that separates the
left and right ventricles. If the hole is not repaired these babies may not survive.
Suggest why these babies may not survive.
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 (2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 11 marks)
2. During the cardiac cycle, muscles in the walls of the atria and ventricles contract and relax.
The graph below shows the changes in pressure that occur in the left side of the
mammalian heart during one cardiac cycle.

(a) Use the graph to identify the following.

(i) The time at which the bicuspid (left atrioventricular) valve closes.
(1)

................................ seconds
(ii) The pressure in the aorta when the semilunar (aortic) valve closes.
(1)

…................................. kPa

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(b) Using the information in the graph, describe the pressure changes that take place
in the left ventricle during each stage of this cardiac cycle.
(3)
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*(c) During this cardiac cycle, the changes in pressure that occur in the left atrium and in the left
ventricle are different.
Using the information in the graph and your own knowledge, explain these differences.
(5)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)
3 Asim has been warned by his doctor that he is at an increased risk of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) because of his current high-fat diet and low activity levels.
*(a) Explain why the combination of a high-fat diet and low activity levels may lead to
CVD.
(4)
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(b) The bar chart below shows how the number of risk factors affects the risk of developing
CVD.

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(i) Using the information in the bar chart, describe the relationship between the number of
risk factors and the risk of developing CVD.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest one change in diet, other than reducing saturated fats, which could help reduce the
risk of developing CVD.
(1)
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(c) Statins can be used to treat CVD.
Give one risk associated with the use of statins.
(1)
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(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)
4 (a) Platelets are fragments of cells that are involved in blood clotting. Describe how blood
clots.
(4)
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(b) Describe two conditions that are caused by blood clots that form insidethe blood vessels.
(4)
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(c) State the meaning of the term aneurysm and explain how an aneurysm is caused.
(3)
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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 40 MARKS

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