Indian Polity

Social and economic justice - distributive justice

Preamble as part of constitution-

berubari union case (1960) - preamble shows general purpose behind provisions of
constitution but not a part.

Keshavananda Bharati- it is a part

Reorganisation of India-
Jvp commission and Dhar commission ( 1948) - reorganisation based on administrative
convenience
Fazl Ali- broadly accepted linguistic reorganisation

Citizenship- article 5-11

Article 15 provides for special provisons for advancement of social and educationally
backward classes.
103rd amendment,2019 provided for the Economically weaker section s reservation.

Article 20- protection from conviction in offences

no ex post facto law

No double jeopardy
No self incrimination

article 22 - protection against arrest and detention

whether fundamental rights can be amended-

Shankari Prasad case ( 1951) yes

Golak Nath (1967) no
Keshavananda Bharati case

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 Article 245 to 255 deal with legislative relations bw centre and state

Article 256 to 263 deal with administrative relations

Article 268 to 293 deal with financial relations.

Article 52-78 deal with union executive.

Article 123 provides for ordinance making power to president.

Article 72 provides powers to grant pardons to president.

Article 74 - there shall be council of ministers to aid and advise president.

Article 75:- prime minsister should be collectively responsible to the house of the
people.

Rules of business provide for the establishment of cabinet committees. They are extra
constitutional.

parliament

Article 79-122 deal with parliament

Article 110 provides for the money bills.

Article 117 for financial bills.

Article 312 authorises Rajya Sabha to create new all India services.

Article 105 provides for the parliamentary privileges.

Rules of the house provide for parliamentary committees.

supreme court

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 Article 124 -147 for Supreme Court.
Article 136 for special leave petiotion

Article 143 for advisory petition

Article for writs by sc and article 226 for writs by hc

Article 246 deals with union, state and concurrent list.

Governor

article 153 to 167 for state executive.

Article 163 - there shall be a council of ministers to aid and advice governor.
Article 164- ministers are collectively responsible to assembly of state.

Article 167 - relationship bw chief minister and governor.

Article 214 to 231 deal with high court.

Article 323 provides for tribunals-

323 a - administrative tribunals

323b - tribunals for other matters.

Article 371 to 371j provides for special provisions for 12 states.

73 and 74 amendment of 1992- panchayats.

Article 324 - election commission

Article 315 to 323 deal with upsc and spsc

Article 280 - finance commission

101 amendment provided for the GST and added 279 a in constitution for gst council.

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 Article 338- National commission for SC
338A - for STs

338B - for Backward classes

350B - special officer for linguistic minorities

Article 148 provides for CAG, head of Indian audits and accounts department.

Article 76 for attorney general

Article 165 for advocate general

National and state Human right commission- protection of human rights act, 1993.

CVC is a multmemeber is the main agency for preventing corruption in central

government.

Established by executive resolution of central government in 1964.

CBI established by executive resolution in 1963 and derives its powers from Delhi
Special police establishment act, 1946.

Lokpal and Lokayuktas act,2013. For lokpal at centre and Lokayukta at state.
National investigation agency- NIA act, 2009

97th constitutional amendment gave recognition to cooperative societies.

Article 343 to 351 deal with official language. Official language act 1963 - English
allowed.

Political parties are voluntary associations or organised groups of individuals who share
same political view and try to gain political power through constitutional means.

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 Article 324 - 329- elections.
52nd amendment of 1985 provided for anti defection law and 10th schedule.

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