MAKALAH

“INTERJECTION & PATTERN COMPARATIVE”

DISUSUN OLEH:
NAMA: GITA ANANDA SILALAHI
NIM: PO7224223 2192
KELAS: 1A KEBIDANAN

DOSEN PENGAMPU:
WAHYU ENI M.PD

KEMENTRIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

POLTEKKES KEMENKES TANJUNG PINANG
PRODI D-III KEBIDANAN
TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023
INTERJECTION

Definition of Interjection
Interjection (exclamation), or often also called exclamation, is a word that is spoken
spontaneously to express feelings or thoughts that are felt or appear suddenly, such as
surprise, pleasure, pain, wonder, and so on. The use of interjection can be exemplified
by the sentences below.
• Arrgh, I have many mistakes.
• Eew, what is it?
• Ooouch, I cut my finger!
• Wow! That's a great idea!

From the sentence above, it can be seen that interjection can be used for various
expressions or expressions.

Interjection Classes
Interjection has now been divided into two classes, namely primary interjection and
secondary interjection.

1. Primary Interjection
The words that are included in the primary interjection include ah, brr, eww, hmm,
ooh, and yowza. These words are not derived from other word classes and are only
used as interjections.

According to linguist Martina Drescher, in her article "The Expressive Function of

Language: Towards a Cognitive Semantic Approach," primary interjection generally
serves to "lubricate" conversation.
2. Secondary Interjection
Words that are secondary interjections are also included in other word classes.
Examples include bless you, congratulations, good grief, hey, hi, oh my, oh my God,
oh well, rats, and shoot. These words are often exclamatory and tend to mix with
swearing, swear words, and greeting formulas.

Interjection Types and Examples

• To attract attention
Look!
See!
Ho!
Uhm!

• To show reluctance
Pooh!
Ugh!
Nonsense!
• To call
Hello!
Hi!
• To show reproach
Humph!
Nonsense!
Shit!
• To show a finding
Oh!
Ah!
Well!
Never!
• To show farewell
Bye!
Farewell!
Goodbye!
See you!
• To show fear
No no!
Hah!
Ugh!
• To indicate an expulsion
Out!
Off!
away!
• To show joy
Bravo!
Bingo!
Thank God!
Whee!
• To show interrogation
What?
Hah?
Sure?
• To show laughter
Hehehe!
Ha ha ha!
• To show fear
Oh!
Ouch!
• To show praise
Great!
Good!
Marvelous!
Well done!

• To show some respect

Hi!
Welcome!
Excuse!
• To tell silence
Hist!
Hush!
Shhh!
Silent!
• And others
Damn it!
Help!
What a pity!
Here goes!
Oh God!
There you are!
Well!
Here he comes!

Interjection Function
1. Expressing Apology
Interjection is used to express an apology. Words that you can use are oops or whoops.

Here's an example sentence:

• Whoops, I'm sorry. I didn't see you.
• Oops, I didn't mean it. my bad.
Expressing Surprise
2. Interjection is also often used to express surprise. The words you can use are what,
whoa, wow, really.

Here's an example sentence:

• Wow, that's great!
• Whoa, I can't believe what I just saw
• Really? Congratulations, then!

Characteristics of interjection
Following are the characteristics of an interjection in a sentence:

• short/short
• Most are followed by an
• exclamation mark (!)
• Followed by a comma
Can be followed by a question mark (?)
• Expressing an emotion
More used in oral/speaking interactions
PATTERN COMPARATIVE

Comparisons indicate degrees of difference with adjectives and adverbs.

Comparatives are the words that indicate a comparison between two entities. Some
comparatives constitute different structures from others.

Comparatives in Different Structures:

1. Single Word Comparatives:
The adjectives and adverbs that do not require the word ‘more’ or ‘less’ before them
and add ‘er’ or ‘ier’ with them are the single word comparatives.
Structure:
Subject + verb + adjective/adverb+(er) + than + noun/pronoun + verb (hidden)
Examples:
• Alex is taller than Max.
• Today is hotter than yesterday.
• He has a brighter skin than she has.

2. Double Word Comparatives:

The adjectives and adverbs that are of more than two syllables need an extra ‘more’ or
‘less’ before them to become comparatives.
Structure:
Subject + verb + more/less + adjective/adverb + than + noun/pronoun + verb (hidden)
Examples:
• She is more beautiful than Tina.
• He is less handsome than Alex.
• I am more tired than you.

Note: Comparatives always compare two entities based on a certain feature of those
entities. They always compare similar entities.
Examples:
Incorrect: His watch is cheaper than his employee. (There cannot be any comparison
between a thing and a person. It must be between two things or two persons.)
Correct: His watch is cheaper than his employee’s watch.
Incorrect: My salary is lower than Alex. (This comparison is illogical.)
Correct: My salary is lower than Alex’s salary.
Incorrect: The duties of a mother are harder than a father.
Correct: The duties of a mother are harder than that of a father.

3. Multiple Number Comparatives:

When something is compared with another thing according to their numbers, the
sentence follows a different structure. Multiple number comparatives include half,
twice, three times, four times, etc.
Structure:
Subject + verb + number + as + much/many + (noun) + as + noun/pronoun + verb
Examples:
• John has half as many wickets as Watson has.
• Robert works twice as much as Alex does.
• I have three times as many runs as he has.

4. Double Comparatives:
There is a unique structure of English sentence which starts with a comparative and
takes another comparative to complete it. This type of sentence structure is unusual as
it is generally used with proverbs.
Structure:
The + comparative 1 + subject + verb + the + comparative 2 + subject + verb
Examples:
• The more you write, the smarter it gets.
• The thinner you become, the easier you feel.
• The bigger they are, the cheaper they are sold.
Note:
Generally, the article ‘the’ does not precede a comparative. But in this unique
structure of the sentence, ‘the’ precedes both of the comparatives.
However, there is one more structure that allows ‘the’ to come right before a
comparative.
Structure:
Subject + verb + the + comparative + of the two + (noun)
Or
Of the two + (noun) + subject + verb + the + comparative
Examples:
• Shaun is the better player of the two brothers.
• Of the Marsh brothers, Mitchel is the better bowler.
• Alex is the smarter of the two boys.
• She is the wiser of the two Bronte sisters.
• Of the two novels of Joyce, the Ulysses is the more intriguing one
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://www.learngrammar.net/english-grammar/comparatives
https://englishplusplus.id/interjection/