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1. College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science ˂Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei
Province, China;
2. Huangshi Institute of Technology, Huangshi 435003, Hubei Province, China
Abstract ˖ Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) PV plants’ efficient operation is not only related to
Systems are used in photovoltaic (PV) power plants for monitoring, reliability of PV arrays and converter ( R pv and Rconverter ), but
control, remote communication purposes. The ingredient of SCADA
also related to reliability of SCADA system ( R SCADA ). At
system in PV power plants is introduced in this paper. In order to
improve security and reliability of the SCADA system in PV plants, present, many literatures study the reliability of PV array and
this paper provides two effective solutions, security access control converter [4]-[6]. But there are little literature considering
strategy and redundancy mechanism. The proposed security access reliability of SCADA system in PV power generation system.
control strategy adopts some measures, such as security authentication,
In [3], Risk assessment of SCADA in power systems has been
performed and it points out that the unreliability of SCADA
data encryption, as well as role-based access control. These measures
system would bring about greater economic losses. This paper
can solve communication security issues between the SCADA system
concentrates on the reliability of SCADA system and provides
remote terminal units (RTU) and SCADA configuration server.
appropriate solutions to improve the reliability.
Furthermore, Device and network redundancy is presented in the PV Plant1
certification Redundancy
I. INTRODUCTION
With the wide use of renewable energy resource (RES), SCADA
Configration OPC
Server
traditional energy resource structure have been adjusted and DB
modulated. Solar energy becomes ideal alternative energy of Fig.1.Distributed network of PV power plants
traditional fossil energy for its wealthy resource, wide The reliability of SCADA system is mainly affected by
distribution and availability in environmental protection [1] [2]. two factors: communication security and device failure.
In recent years, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Distributed SCADA system communication network security is
(SCADA) system has been widely applied in power system related to entire photovoltaic power plants’ security. Illegal or
substation automation and becomes a focus of electric utility. wrong information could disturb decision-making instructions,
At the same time, SCADA system has been used in PV power even lead to system malfunction. IEEE Power Energy Society
generation area, especially in large-scale application of PV (PES) has set up a special working group to study SCADA
plants. system network information security issues [7]. Device failure
Photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into is also an important factor to affect the reliability of SCADA
stand-alone PV system and grid-connected PV system. system. To solve device failure issues, there are two ways:
Grid-connected PV power systems (PV power plants) consist improving device mean time between failures (MTBF) and
of PV array, converter, energy management system (EMS), and providing device redundancy. Though improving device
other several parts and so on. A typical distributed network of hardware and software MTBF is a good solution, it can not
PV power plants is shown in Fig. 1. SCADA system is a critical eliminate the impact of damage to equipment in unexpected
sub-system of Energy Management System (EMS) in PV condition (such as component failure, misoperation). In
power plants. Its core part is Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). long-distance communication condition, if the disable device
By considering that the system shown in Fig.1 is formed by can not be replaced timely, PV power plants will stop running
a set of sub components, its total reliability RTotal can be and the losses are serious. In PV power generation system
device redundancy scheme should take investment cost into
expressed: RTotal R pv R converter R SC AD A account. However, the cost of SCADA system in actual budget
C1 U Link request
a
ACT1
U Link respond
b LCL
ACT2
Filter Security certificate
C2 Security certificate
U Request or Respond
c ACT3 Apply key Apply or Distribute Key
Device announcement
T4 T6 T2 Date or Service
PT1 ACK R
PT
PWM1 PWM6
or reducing users’ number and their privileges. R_Syn Resp(+) Device message
Ă...
IV. REDUNDANCY MECHANISM R_DeviceActiveAnouncement
R_DeviceActiveAn ouncement
To further enhance the reliability of SCADA system, T
T
SCADA system redundant topology in PV power plants is Fig.6. Redundancy switching mechanism
shown in Fig.5. Redundant system consisted of two sets of Active RTU, alternate RTU and their communication port
redundant bus (based on TCP / IP Ethernet fieldbus and based can be assigned by SCADA configuration server when devices
on Modbus RS485 bus). The active device and alternate powered on .Device switching mechanism was shown in Fig. 6.
device should be produced by the same manufacturers and be In normal condition, alternate RTU sent Synchronization
the same type. Type and communications port number of request service message (R_SynRequest) to active device.
device could be assigned by SCADA Server configuration. Active device gave a respond back to alternate device after
Under normal circumstances, active device was running. And receiving this message, and then called redundant
when this device was malfunction, alternative RTU was synchronization service (R_Syn) which was used to send to
enabled through redundancy switching operation. Ethernet device information and data to the alternate device. Active
and RS485 Bus switched through different port (Port1 and device should broadcast a device announcement service
Port2). The realization of network redundancy and device message (R_DeviceActiveAnouncement) in each
Redundancy switching operation depended on corresponding communication cycle T. This message included time stamp. If
redundant services. alternate device did not receive this message in two cycle
B. redundancy services (check the time-stamp), device redundancy switching service
In order to achieve redundancy switching operation, four (R_DeviceSwitch) would be triggered immediately. Alternate
services was defined as follows: Redundant state device became operating device, and the active device was