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    Political Parties

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    Wolfram

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PARTIES ; 6 Nl ESTeC career 346. xam ideo Socal Science-1 ea Partisanship is atendency to support a particular group, cause or viewpoint over another. Election: A formal and organised choice by vote of a person for a politcal office or other position, Ruling Party or governing party in a democratic parliamentary system is the incumbent political party or coalition of the majority in parliament thet administers the affairs of state. ‘Opposition Party: The opposition comprises one or more poltical parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the goverment party or group in political control cof a city, region, state or country. Iti the party that goes against another party. Election Commission is a body charged for overseeing the implementation of election procedures. ‘Two-party System is a party system where two major poitical parties dominate the ‘government. One of the two partes typically holds a majority in the legislature and is Usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or ‘oppostion party. ‘Communism: A theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs. ‘Communist: A person who supports or believes in the principles of communism. ‘Multi-party System is a system in which multiple political parties across the poitical spectrum run for national election, andall have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition. Aliance: A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organisations. Federal: Having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Federalism: The federal principle or system of government. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to tone of its branch. The name is used by a number of countries, including memberstates of the Commonwealth of Nations and other counties Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the Lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the Upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha: Council of States is the upper house of the Parllament of India. Membership of Raiya Sabha is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of 250 members, and current laws have provision for 245 members. ‘Marxism: Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation. Internal Democracy also known as intreparty democracy, refers to the level and ‘methods of including party members in the decision making and deliberation within the party structure. Defection: The desertion of one's country or cause in favour of an opposing one. Affidavit: A written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in court. 348 Xam ites Social Science (Choose and write the correct option 1. A political party is an association of @) people ©) children (© parties @) none ofthe above 2. The clearly visible institutions ofa democracy are (@) people (0) societies (© political parties (@) pressure groups 3. Without the political parties, the utility ofthe government will remain (@) uncertain ©) powerful (0, peaceful @ none ofthe above 4, Farticsare a necessary condition for a (a) democracy @) authoritarian (©) dictatorship @) none of the above 5, Ima democratic country, any group of citizens is free to form (@) apolitical pany) society © tigion @) none ofthe above 6 Political parties are there in a country o give people (a) freedom W) choice ©, protection (d) noneoftheabove 1. The political partes ofa country have a fundamental politica ina society. (@) choice 6) division (© suppor (a) power |. Members of ruling party follows the directions of (a) people (©) party eaders (0) pressure groups (d) none ofthe above 20 40 5O 6H 72 BH Filia te Binks TTT Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank spaces) L and, asnational parties in India 2 A politcal panty has components like and 4. Every partyin the country has to register within the — 1. ING BJP. BSE CPI, CPLM, NCP Congress 2, leaders she active members the followers | 3. power: Election Commission | ee CT Read each ofthe following statements and write ifit is true or fase. [RSP wat formed in 1984 under the lesdership of Kanshi Ram. 2, National paries have representation ia less than four stats, 3, The state party secures at least 6 per cent of the total votes in_an election to the legislative assemblies ofa state 4. BJP was founded in 1988 as result ofthe split in INC 5, In some cases, parties support criminals who can win clections Political Science: Demacratc Poitics-t1 349 (Names IS [-2@ 92 3m «£m -sm ‘Very Short Answer Questions Each of the following questions are of 1 mark and have to be answered in one word or one sentence. Q. 1. What do you understand by partisan? ‘Ans. A person who is strongly committed to a party. group or faction. Q. 2, What do you understand by ‘Partisanship’? ‘Ans, Lis marked by a vendency wo take « side and inability to tke a balanced view om an issue. (Q. 3. What are the components of a political party? {CBSE (AD 2016) ‘Ans, (i) The leaders (ji) The active members (ii) The followers Q.4. How do parties run the government of « country? ‘Ans. Parties recruit leaders, train them and then make them ministers. Q.5. What is the role of opposition in a democracy? Ans. They voice different views and criticise the government for its filures or wrong policies. Q.6, How much accountable are the parties to the people of any country? ‘Ans. Parties have to be responsive to people’s needs and demands, Otherwise people can reject those parties in the next election. Q.7, At what level, there are non-party based elections in our country? ‘Ans. Non-party based elections are hell in panchayats of many states in India. Q.8. Why are parties, a necessary condition for a democracy? ‘Ans. People need mechanism to support or restrain the government, make polices, justify and ‘oppose them, Political parties fulfil all these needs, So, we can say that parties are a necessary ‘condition for a democracy. Q.9, What is one-party system? ‘Ans. Acountry where only one party isallowed to control and run the government. It is called one- party system. E:g., China. Q-10, Which organization does recognize ‘Political Purties'in India? ——_(CDSI- (Comput) 2017) Election Commission What is a Bi-party system? ‘Ans. A country where power usually changes between two main parties. Such a party system is called bi-party system. £.g., UK and USA. ‘What is an ‘alliance’ ora ‘front’? When several parties ina multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power. Q- 13. Give one merit of multi-party system, ‘Ans. This sysiem allowsa variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation, Q. 14. Give one demerit of multi-party system. "Ans. Appears very messy and leads to a political instability. Q. 15. When was INC formed? What ists symbol? ‘Ans. Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. Its symbol is ‘hand’, Q. 16. When was BJP founded? What is its symbol? ‘Ans. BJP was founded in 1980. Its symbol is lotus. Q. 17, Which coalition alliance was formed by BJP? ‘Ans. National Democratic Alliance (NDA) coalition 350 Xam ideasocia science-x Q.18, When was BSP formed? What is its symbol? ‘Ans. 1984. Its symbol is Hephant. Q.19. Which classes are represented by BSP? ‘Ans. It seeks to represent and secure power for the Bahajan Samaj which includes the dalts, adivasis, OBCsand religious minorities. Q.20. Name any two regional political partes of U-P. (Uttar Pradesh). [ease (F) 2017) ‘Ans. Two Regional Political Parties of UP 8. P (Samajvadi Party) i) Rastriya Lot Dal Q.21. How do money and muscle power tend to help the contestant ofthe elections? ‘Ans. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have influence onthe policies and decisions of the party Q.22. What is ‘defection’? "Ans. Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected (10a legislative body) toa different party. Q.28. Name any one political party that has national level political organisation but not recognised su the setinal pottical party [CBSE Dei 2016) Ans. The politcal party that his national evel polit onganization but not recognized asthe National, Party: Samajwadi Party’Samata Party/Rashtria Janta Dal 24. Why is one party polleal system not considered a good democratic system? [case (F) 2016) ‘Ans. One party system has no democratic option, ‘Short Answer Que: Each of the following questions are of 3 marks and have to be answered in about 80 words. {Q. 1. Assess the importance of political parties in democracy. (CBSE (#) 2017) Ans, Importance of Poliical Parties: (i) Parties contes elections to form government. i) Parties put forward dilferent policies and programmes and the yoters choose from them. (ii) party reduces vat multitude of ppinions intoa few basic postions which it supports. (iv), Panties play a decisive role in making laws fora country. (©) Pariesrecruitleaders, trains hemand then makethem ministerstorun theGovernment (i) Patties provide people acess to government machinery and welfire schemes implemented by governments. (Q.2. What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a multi-party system? Explain. [CBSE 2015} ‘Ans. () If several partes compete for power, and more than two parties have a ressonable chance of coming for power ether on their own strength or in alliance with other, we callit a multi-party system. Gi) Inia has evolved a muli-party system. Itis because the socal and geographical diversity in mich 2 large country ie not easly abworbed by two or even three parties (ii) Pany system is not something any country can cheose. It evolves over a long time depending on the nature of sciey, its social and regional division, its history of politics and its system of elections. Plea Science: Democratic Poltcs-t1 351 3. “Plitial Parties are a necessary condition fora democracy.” Analyse the statement with ‘examples. {CBSE (Compt) 2017) ‘Ans, Political parties are necesary condition fora democracy 1f plccal partis don’t enn then 1. Every andidate i the elections willbe independent 2 Noone willbe abi to make any promise tthe people about ay major policy changes 3. The government enay be forened, ttt uy will remain ever uncertain 4. Elected representatives willbe accountable other constinency for what hey do in the locality [No one wil be responsible or how the country willbe run. Povcalparesareimportantfr representative democracesasthey bringrepresentaives together to form the government 7 Itconsits of people seeking to achieve their ebjectves through con and airs at promoting national intrest. Q.4. Whats the difference between a national party and a state party? ‘Aas. Thete ate three major diferences between s national party and regional’tae party (@) Nationa parties have influence all over the country oF in several sates of India. The ingluence of a state party i imited toa state or region. (ji) National pares take interest in rational aswell international sues; whereas regional orstate partes are interested in promoting regional/sate interest only. (The national partes have to harmonise the national as wells sate interes; whereas ate paris well sac for greater autonomy fr Hates Q.5. What isthe role of the opposition party in a democracy? {CBSE (An) 2017) OR ae tional means Explain three functions of opposition political parties. [cRse Dani 2019} ‘Ans, Those partes that lose elections play the role of opposition wo the parties in power. Role played by opposition i: (Ie givesits own opinion which may oppose the ruling party. (i Opposition party mobilises opposition to the government, (ii) Te puts ts different views inthe parliament and criticises the government for its faikares ‘or wrong policies (Gv) By doing this it can keep a check on the ruling party, which is made to move on the track. Q.6. Give one merit and one demerit ofa singleparty system. ‘Ans. Merit: There is no competition between parties but there is competition between candidates. Demerit: One-party sysiem is nota democratic option. Any democratic country must allow at least two partis to compete, : Q. 7. What are the major differences between the policies of CPI(M) and CPI? Ans. ‘Accepts democratic elections as auseful and | Accepts parliamentary democracy a & hpi mean for securing the cbjcve of means of promoting the interes ofthe socio-economic justice in India, ‘working cass, farmersand the poor. ‘Gritical of the new economic policies that | Opposed to the force of secesionism and allow free flow of foreign capital and goods | communalism ino the country Teas formed in 1964. ‘vas foruned in 1925. ‘352 xamidea social Sciene-x. G8. Explain the three components of « political party. [BSE Dei 2019(32/172) ‘Ans. (i) The leaders: A political party consists of leaders who contest elections and if they win, perform the administrative job Gi) The active memberst They are the ones who clit «ladder from being the fllower and become the asistants of the leaders to gain knowledge about the politics, (Git) The followers: They are simply the ardent followers ofthe leaders and work under the able guidance of the active members .9. Howdo parties perform the job of making laws for the country? ‘Ans. © Paris playa derisive roe in making laws fora country. (© Formally, ws are debated in the form of fir, second and third readings and then by popu voting, the bill is passed. © But since most of the members belong to a party, they follow what their leader says, respective oftheir personal opinions. Q.10. How isa government of alliances formed? ‘Ans. ® When several parties in a sauki-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting cections and winning power, itis called an alliance or front. © In India, there were three major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections. © These were the National Democratic Allunce or NDA formed by 8]? an it alles. Then the United Progressive Alliance or UPA led by Congress and its allies. The third one was the Left Front, which is formed by Communiss or their parties like CPI and CPI(M). Q.11, How does a country choose a party system? “Ans. Party system isnot something any country can choose: () Teevolves over a long time, depending on the nature ofits society, its socal and regional divisions its hitory of politics and ite system of elections i) These cannot be changed very quickly. (ii) Each country develops 2 party system that is conditioned by its special circumstances. No system is idea for all countries and all stations. Q.12, “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political parties all, over the world.” Analyse the statement. [CBSE 2013] Or In what way lack of internal democracy is scen inthe politcal partis? Ana. © All over the world, there is a tendency of political parties towards the concentration of owerin one or few leaders atthe top. Parties do not keep membership register. ‘They do not regularly hold organisational meetings ‘They do not conduct interval elections regularly. Ordinary members of the party do not have sufficient information as to what happens inside the party © Asa result the leaders assume greater power 1o make decisions in the name of the party Q.15. The first challenge faced by politcal parties is lack of internal democracy within partes. What do you understand by the statement? Expl {CBSE Semple Paper 2016) ‘Ans. (i) All over the world there is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in one ot few leaders atthe wp. (Gi) Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings, and do ‘not conduct internal elections regularly Ordinary members of the party do not get suliccnt information om inside the party “ happens Poiiical Science: Demacrae Poitics- 353 (i) “They do not have the means orthe connections needed to influence the decions. Asa result the leader assume greater power o-make decisions inthe name ofthe pany (0) Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party those who disigree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the pry. (0) More than yale to part principles and polices, personal loyalty to theleader becomes ‘more imporant. ‘What is meant by a ‘national political party"? State the conditions required to bea national political pary. {CBSE Deth 2016) ‘Ans. National Poltical Party have units in the various states, they fallow the same plies, prograrames and strategy that is decided 2 the national vel Conditions required: (@ pany tha secutes at leas 686 of the otalvotesin general elections of Lok Sabha or assembly

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