MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES BASIC CONCEPTS — A FLOW CHART ‘dona on base ofthe min ole captinestment owners cue ram ‘raters andthe bu and weit olan materi an shed goods. heen Theft Toy awh, ‘sna woisot modem thaare materia Vishkaparam parts are prafuces rg ectaint —WOpmary nedinthis hagacoasal taraged about223 fino, event ayaa tier en Seen ion a Sear feo 7 Kinny sisters production 1907 plrsand—_imestene, ofeas. tans iio ay seed Sea) sm — ini ngarese Sy oon Se a nals Sarin hie ste te protoer cont — — 230 Xam ides Social Seienee-XaN ast Oh 1. Agroindustry: Agriculture developed along industrial lines. 2. Agglomeration: A mass or collection of things; an assemblage 3. GDP: Gross Domestic Product - the monetary total value of finished goods produced and services provided in a country during one year. 4. Urbanisation refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, ‘the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to the change 5, Industriaisation: The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. 6. Public Sector Industries is the part of the economy concerned with providing various governmental services. The composition of the public sector varies countrywise, but in most countries, the public sector includes such services as the military, police, infrastructure (public roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommurications, etc.) public transport, public education, along with health care and those working for the government itsel, such as elected officals. 7. Private Sector Industries is the part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit, and is not controlled by the State (areas of the economy, controlled by the state being referred to as the public sector). 8. Mineral based industries: Industries that use minerals as raw material are called mineral based industries. The iron and steel industry is the basic industry on which all other industries depend. The production and per capita consumption of steel is « measure of € country’s economic development. 9. Natural Product: A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. 10. Aluminium Smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the HaltHéroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore ‘bauxite’ by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery. Aluminium smelting is the second ‘most important metallurgical industry in India. 11, Fertilizer Industry or fertiliser is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that 1s applied to sols or to plant tissues (usualy leaves) to supply one ‘or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants 412. Environmental Degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and sol; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destructon; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. 232 Xam idea Social Sciance-xMutiple Choice Questions jaa CETTE Choose and write the correct option. 1 Industries cause pollution, (e) land ©) weiter (ir noise Tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors ec. are supplied by (a) government ©) industry ©) people @) nome of these 3. The industries which have heavy types of raw material are called (a) light industries) market (6) both Gand (>) Ud) none of these 4. Molasses are used to make (@) rum () rubber (©) ethanol @) all ofthe above |S. Which out ofthe following is « mineral based industry? (@) Sugar 0) Tea © Coffee @) Petrochemicals [6 Which is the only industry in India which is self-reliant? (@) Textile industry) ron and steel (@) Hleetncal§=——(@) Sugar 7. Which country hae the Inrgeet installed capacity of epindlos in the world? (@) Japan () Philippines (China @ India 8. Which one ofthe following organizations is responsible for the matketing of stel of the Public ‘Sector Undertaking? @ TIsco 6) sco (@ BHEL Salt 9, Which one of the following is manufactured at Salem? @) Steet 6) Cotton (©) Aluminium — (@) Copper 10, Which one of the following iron and steel plants is located in Odisha? () Durgapur (0) Bokaro (© Rourkela (d) Jamshedpur Answers @ 2% S@ 4@ 5 6@ 20 &«@) 2@ we eat Fill in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s). The firs textile mill was established in nitustry provides employment to weavers at home axa cottage induntry st of an industry: rength of a country in measured by the develo isan agro based raw material. (Jute/Cement) Raw material i the prime consideration o is the largest exporter af Jute after 1 2 3. 4 5 a 1 In India, most 0 Answers 1. Gujarat 2 Handspun khadi 3. economic strength 4. Juse 3. industries 6. Banglades 7. West Bengal Geography: Contemporayind-tt 233True/False Read the following statements carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false. 1. The jute industry supports one lakh workers direct. 2. Mineral based industries use metals and ‘3. Ironand steel is considered heavy industry. 4. India occupies second place in the production of Gur and Khandsar 1B. The first successful ext mill was establinbe i Murai in 1854, 6. The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage ra BCD 6K) Match the Columns ‘Match the words/statements in Colunn A with words/statements in Column B. I Sr aot a Carpeted or aaa [ol india id Electrical industries B Tata Stec! t 3. | Petrochemicals, alumi ‘Owned and operated by the producers ‘suppliers of raw materials ight industries 3 ‘Jointly owned by public and private sector Mineral based industries [Answers LO £® 36 40 5H Very Short Answer Questions Each ofthe following questions are of 1 mark and have to be answered in one word or one sentence. G1. Define manufacturing. Ans. Production of goods in hnrge quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products, (0.2. What was the main philosophy behind public sector industries? Ans. Public sector helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty: It als aimed at bringing down diopatiies by exablihiog induct bal and backward areas. Q.3. How does manufacturing help in earning foreign exchange? Ans. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign ‘exchange Q.4. Whatis the contribution of industries to national economy? last two decades, the share of manufacturing secior has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP—outof a total of 27 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricty and gas. 234, xam idea Social Science-xQ.5. What are agglomeration economies? ‘Ans. Many industries tend to come together to male use of the advantages offered hy centres are known as agglomeration economies. Q.6 What are consumer induotries? ‘Ans. Consumer industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers, eg, sugar, toothpaste, paper sewing machines, etc Q. 7. Classify industries on the basis of ownership. ‘Ans. (i) Public Sector (i Private Sector ii) Joint Sear (is) Cooperative Sector Q8 Give one difference beween public and private sectors. ‘Ans. Public sector is owned and operated by government agencies, ¢¢,, BHEL and the industries of the Private Sector are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals, eg., TISCO. Q.8. Which ovin states of India are known for cotton production? Ans. Maharashtra and Gujarat Q. 10. Why are more cotton textile mills located in Gujarat and Maharashtra? ‘Ans. Availabilty of raw cotton, market, transport induding accessble port facilities, bbour, moist climate, et., contributed towards its lcabisation, (Q. 11. What standard is India maintaining in weaving and spinaing processes in India? "Ans. Incka has world clas production in spinning, but weaving supplics low quality of fabric ay it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the county: (Q. 12. What are the main problems faced by cotton textile industries? ‘Ans. Pover supply is erratic: machinery needs to be upgraded. low output of labour and stiff competition with the syntheti fibre industry. Q. 18. What is India’s satus in jute production? “Ans. India is the hrges producer of raw jate and jute goods'and stands at the second place as an exporter after Bangladesh, Q.14. Where was the first jute mill set up? “Ans. The first jute mill was set up n 1869 at Rishra near Kolkata Q. 15. What happened to jute production after partition? “Ans. Afier partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing ares weat to erstwhile east Pakistan which is today's erstwhile which is East Pakistan today’s Bangladesh (Q. 16. What was the objective of National Jute Policy formulated in 20057 ‘Ans. Increased productvity,improving quality, ensuring good prices othe ute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare Q.17. Which are the main market of jute? "Ans. USA, Canada, Rusia, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia (Q. 18, Where does India stand in sugar production? “Ans. India stands second, Q. 19, What do you know about SAIL? "Ans. All puble sector undertakings market their steel through Steel Authority of India Ld. called SAIL. ‘What are the main uses of aluminium? “Ans, Aluminium is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. (What are the two prime factors forthe location of aluminium industries? Regular supply of electricity (ii) An assured source of raw material at minimum cos. "2. Where was the First cement plant set up in India? ‘Ans. Chennai, in 1904, Geography: Contemporary incl 235a hich decisions of the government helped in the rapid production of cement? Decontrol of price andl distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms led the cement industry to make rapid srides in capacky, process technology anv preducton (Q.24. Whatis the contribution of FDI in automobile industries? ng forcgn Diet Event bough in ew ehnsogy and aligned she indy with gba patent Q.25. What does “Thermal Pollution’ mean: “Ans. Thermal Pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories andl th into riversand ponds before cooling. Q.26. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016) Ans. (i) Agro based industries i) Mineral based industries. Q.27, How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines toa port near Mangaluru? [CSE (F) 2016) al plants is drained Ans. Iron-ore is transported as slurry through pipelines Q.28, How did the ‘Bailaila’ Iron ore field get its name? (cmse (F) 2016) ‘Ans. The Bailadia hills look ike the hump of an ox, hence ‘Bialaia’ name given othe iron-ore field (29. Name the mineral which is used to harden steel during manufacturing. ‘Ans. Manganese (CBSE Sample Pyper 2017) Short Answer Questions: Each of the following questions are ofS marks and have to be answered in about 80 words. (Q.1) Manufacturing secor is considered asthe backbone of economic development of « country.” Support the statement with examples. (CBSE (F) 2017; Ana, Manufacturing sector: helps in modernizing agriculture Helps in providing jobs im secondary and tertary sectors. Reduces unemployment and poverty It brings dosen the regional disparities by extablhing industries in tribal and backward (8) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce. (oi) ebrings in much needed foreign exchange. (sil) Example- Cotten textile, Iron and Steel industry, et Q.2. How can agriculture and industry go hand in hand? Anno Theagro in Inca have given a major boost wo agriculture by ssi 1k produces equipments like tractors, harvesters, threshers, ec ‘© On the other hand, industries are run on agricultural products like couon, sugarcane, jute edible ols, tc. Q.3. “Indastrialization and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement. [CBSE Semple Pyper 2016} Ans. Afteran industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to the people of the ares. Populaion migrates fiom rural hinterlands to seck jobs, Housing and transport faciliies are developed to accommodate these people. Other infrastructural ments take place leading to growth and development of the town io a Gt located in or near the cites. Cities provide markets and services such ng, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, et. tothe industry na tiation and urbanisation go 236 xan idea Soci Scence-x4. Analyse the role ofthe manufacturing sector in the economic development of India ica EA 2017) ‘Ans. ‘The Role of manufacturing sector in the economic development of India (Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture but also redvces the hheavy dependence of people on agricultural income, ) Eradication of Unemployment and poverty (Gi) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much foreign exchange, (iv) Countries that transform their raw material inta a wide variety of furnished gouds of higher value are prosperous, ‘Q. 5. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are they different from each other? [CBSE (P) 2016) ‘Ans. (i) Base or ey industries: These industvies supply their product or raw materials to manufacture other goods: ¢g. ron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium smelting, (Gi) Commer nduwtries:‘These are the industries tha produce goods for direct use by consumers; sug, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, et. ‘Q.6. Which factors were responsible for the concentration of cotton textile industries in Maharashtra ‘and Gujerat? Ans. «Rav cotton iseasly available in and around that ‘© Transport including accessible port facilities for export of cotton goods ‘© Cheap and skiled labour is available around that area. {2 Favourable moist climate contribute towards its localisation, Q. 7, What problems are faced by the cotton textle industry? ‘Ans. «Power supply remains erratic, thereby, alfecing is production. ‘@ Machinery needs to he upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors particularly There islower output of labour, since they are net skied in ther jobs. © There isa stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry. . 8, What efforts were made by the government to stimulate demands of jute in the market? ‘Ans. «11.2005, the National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing production ‘Efforts mould bee made to improve production and introduce some new products of jute-ike fabric ‘Government can ensure good prices tothe jute farmers, enhancing the yield per hectare. Q.9. Why do you fel that there are plans t shift sugar mills to South India? ‘Ans, Reasons to shift sugar mills: (i) Sugarcane produced in these states have higher sugar content. Gi) "The cooler climate also ensures a nger crushing season, ii) Thecooperatives are more successul in these states. (iv) If sugarcane is transported fiom South to North India, due to delay loses its sugar content asit is a perishable good. (Q. 10. “Agricultare and industry are complimentary to each other.” Support the statement with three [CBSE (Compe) 2017) ea because ofthe black cotton $0 trains, sugareane examples ‘Ans. Agriculture and industry both depend on each other (© Agriculture supptics raw material fOr the manufacturing industries. Shortage of these raw materials can spell door for the industry. Agriculture ges its basicinputs form the manufacturing industries. In this way agriculture offers a big market for industrial products, fenlizers, water pumps, tractors, farm equipment etc ()_In short, agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other they move hand in hand. i Geography: Cotemporaryindio-t| 237Q.11, What are the challenges faced by the sugar industry? ‘Ans. Challenges: (The industry is seasonal, so getting labour becomes difficult (gal andineffcient methods of preduction, thereby. affecting its production. isn transporting sugarcane to factories, with the result that it loses ise the use of hagas face the problem of power break up- Why does the Chetanagpur plateau have the maximum concentration of iron and steel, inant? [Ans tis because ofthe relative advantages this region has orth development ofthis industry {Low cost of ion ore i availabe, ince its mined inthis region. Gi feshigh grade oe material eae in clove proximity Gi) Cheap, hard and sled labour is easily avaiable iv) Thew avast growih poten inthe home markt {Q.18. How the information technology industry able to generate more employment? ‘ns. Majer impact this industry ha been on employment generation. () Upwe 31s Marth 2005, the FT indy employe oer one milion persons Gi, Thisnumber i expected to inerease sharply inthe coming rears ii) Itisencouraging toknow that 30 percent ofthe people employed in this sector are women. 14. Bxphin vith examples the ntrdepensience of epicutere and faduaries. (CASE (Delh) 2017) ‘ans. Interdependence of agriculture an inst ()Theagrosndustriesin India ave given s major boos toagricaltare by sing its prodctvn Gi) They depend on the later for rave materials Gi) They sel their products suchas irrigation pumps, frilsss insecticides, pesticides and PVC pipe machines and took ect the farmers i) Development and competiiveness of manufacturing industries has not only asited agrcaltusts in increasing their productions, but also made the production processes very efficent 15. Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis om spinning yarn and weaving Khai? dane Weaving s done by handloor, powerioom and i mill -Thehandspan khad provides targe-acale employment weaversin thei homesas cottage industry. ¢- Mahatma Gandhi aso wantedto propagate the use ofthe indigenous Ahad material to revire the bso jbl weavers ding the Bris prin 1916, How can te industrial pollution of fea water be reduced? Explain various ways {CBSE 2019, 3227 oR How are industries responsible for polluting freshwater? Suggest any three measures to reduce the water pollution. [CBSE (F) 2017) ‘Ans. «Water polution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and efMuents discharged ‘¢ The main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyer, detergents, aids, salts and heavy ‘metal like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, et, ino the water bodies ‘¢ Flyash, phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India, Steps to minimize water pollution : {(). Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recyeling it in two or more successive stages. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements, (238 ram idea Social Scienco-X(ii) Treating hot water and ef be done in three phases (a) Primary treatment by mechanical means, This involves sereening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation, (9) Secondary treatment by biological process (c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical process, This involves recycling of wastewater. (ii) Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally Q. 17, How is land polluted? Ans. ¢ Land is polluted by wastes from nudear power plants, auclea¥ and weapon production facilites: ‘© Dumping of wastes, especialy glass, harmful chemical, industrial efluents, packaging, salts nd garbage, makes the soil useless ‘© Rainwater percolate into the soilcarzying the pollutants tothe ground and the groundweter Selsuffcienc ake isnot enough. Oar manufactured gon must eat par in quality wa those inthe international market. Only then, we wl abe to ampetc in he aersaonl mah. 0.18, What are ‘ngrlomeration economies’? “Ans. Cites provide murketsand ako provi urvices such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, imate cod vo one ope tomake we uf the advantages offered by the urban centres known a ‘agglomeration canons Graduaty a hinge industrial agglomeration takes place. So, ts bakally coordination of various industries ney forthe development of manalactaring indies 20. Classify industries on the bass of capital investment. ‘Ame. Following the claestion of indauries on te bel of cpt invetme (0) Smallacle Industries: salle industry defined with reference the maximum investment alowed onthe act oa unit. Th mit has changed over a pried oftme At presen, the maximum inveumen allowed i 1 crore. (4) Large-scale Industries If ivestments more than 81 crore on any indus, then ics known as lge-eale industry 2, Clans industries om the bass ef bulk and weight fram materials and finished goods. “Ams indus are cased on the bash ofthe weight of raw matali and ined Goods in the flowing manner (Hea Indusrie: These indus use heavy raw materia and als produce hear goss fg ron and tee, cement,diptulding,atomobs, ete (i) Light tndustoies: These industries use light ra materials and proce light goods suchas clei dt, eg, watches oor babe pal bres, 0.22. How were coton textiles produced in ancient India? “Ans In ancient Ted, coon textes were produced wih hand spinning and. andkom weaving scenic: Ate the Ith centr poets camera. Our tama use llc 2 seach dung the clon pesiodbecase they could nt compete wah the mil made eth trom England @.25 How many cotton mills do we have in Inia? “Ama. Today, thee are neatly 1,60 cotion aid human made bre vexile mils inthe cure. About 80 perecntof vee arene pian secor a there arcin the public and cooperate sects, [Apa fom these, thereare veal hosand mall tories with Kour Co en fom 2.24 What isthe satus of spinning snd weaving in India? “Ans We pinning conines tobe entrained in Mara, Gujrat anda Nad, weaving bs highly decentralised o provide cope for iconporating traditional sil and designs of weaving inveton sl Jar, embroidery, et. Lndi ha nordcas productcn in spinning, But Wesving tants and financial adbsors, etc, tothe industries. Many Geography: Contemporary indi- 239supple low quality of fabric as st cannot use much ofthe high quality yarn produced in the ‘coultry. Weaving is done by handloom, powesloom in mils. (Q.25. To which countries are cotton goods exported? “Ans, india exports yarn to Japan, Other importers of cotton goods from Tndia are USA, UK, Rass, Trance, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries. We have a lange share ~fousth of the woul trade, Q.26. How is jute industry associated with people? rs directs. Another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers are engaged in cultivation of jute an tore peopl areassociated indirectly like in preparation of various jute goodsand further trading in jute items, (Q.27. Why isthe iron and steel industry called heavy industry? roca, Man ron and steel industry iscalled « heavy industry because all he raw material wel goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Irom ore, co limestone are required in the ratio of 42:1 approximately. Some quantity of manganese i also required to harden the steel Q.28. Compare India’s steel production with that of China. “Ans. In the 1950s, China and India prodaced almost the same quantity oF tel. In 2004, largest exporter of steel which accounted for 2.25 per cent ofthe global see trade. Today, China is the largest producer. China s also the world’s largest consumer of ste! (Q.29. “Though India is an important iron and steel producing country inthe world, yet we are mot able wo perform to our full potential.” Why? [CBSE (A1) 2017) Its largely due to high costs and limited avattabilty of coking coal. There is low productivity of labour. Moreover, there i irregularity of supply of energy and of course, the poor infrastructure. Q.30, What efforts should be made to improve steel production? ‘Ans. (Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Inveriment have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs. i) There isa need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more competitively. Gil) We need to regularise the supply of energy and improve the infrastructure for better production. 1. Name the aluminium smelting plants of India. ‘Ans, There are eight aluminium smelting plans in the counsry: an {Nalco in Odisha (i) West Beryl Kerala (iv) Uttar Pradesh (8) Chihatisgarh (i) Maharashira ii) Tamil Nad. (i Baleo in Oedisha 72. What are the uses of chemical industries? “ans. The chemical industry isis own largest consumer. Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for / consumer markets For example, sulphuric acid isused to manufacture synthetic fibres and plasics or petrochemical are wsed for producing synthetic fibres and synthetic rubber, ec /Q. 33. Which ingredients are needed for the fertiliser production? ‘Ans. The fertser industry is centered around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly trea), phosphatic fertilisers, and ammoniutm phosphate and complex ferilisers, which have a ‘combination of nitragen, phosphate and poush. The potash is entirely imported asthe county ddoes not have any reserves of commercially usable potzsh or potassium compounds in any for Indias the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers. 240. Xam ides Soca Science9 ncaa et I. How many fertliner industries do we have in India? ‘Ans. There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilisers. There are 29 plants for urea, nine for producing ammonium sulphate as a by-prodoct and 68 ‘ther small units producing single super phosphate. At present, there are ten public sector lunderakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation oF nda. 9,36. In which sates do we find ferisrindotie? ‘Ans. Alter the Green Revolution, theindustry expanded to several other parts ofthe country. Gujarat ‘Tamil Nadu. U.P, Punjab and Kerals contribute towards hal of the feriliscr production, Other significant producers re: Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West ‘engal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka ‘Ans. Cement is essential for construction activity, such as building houses, factories, bridges, reads, airports, dams and for other commercial establshments. Thisindustry requires bulky and heavy ‘aw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed gp eatcemtaeeatntemne thas found the produce, a really available market in East Asa, Middle East, Aftica and South Asia apart froma large demand within the country. Effors are being made to generate adequate ‘domestic demand and supply in order to sstain this industry. (Q. 38. Where do we manufacture various automobiles in India? ‘Aas. Ai present, there are 15 manufacturersof pasenger cis and muliutilty vehicles nine of eommercial chicks, Hof the tworeheclers and three wheckers. The industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru, (G39. What docs the electronic indusiry cover? ‘Ans. The electronic indusiry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, {elephones, celular telecom, telephone exchanges, radars,computers nnd many other equipments ‘required by the tlecommunication industry. Q. 40. Name the regions where electronic industries are located. “Ane. Bengaluru has emerged asthe ‘electronic pita’ of India Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Coimbatore, QAI. Which industries are the main culprits of water pollution? ‘Ans. ‘The main culprits are paper pulp. chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refines, canneries and electroplating industries that discharges dyes, detergent, acids, salts and heavy metals like Jecad and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, into the water bodies. Q.42, “The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is selfreliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement. [CBSE Dats 2016 ‘Ans. The textile industry is self-reliant and completein value chain: (i) contributes signiicanty to industrial production (14%), (ii). Employment generation (35 million persons directly - the second largest after agriculture), Foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6%) onributes 4 per ceat towards GDE. Q.48. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material, How are they different from each. ‘other? {CBSE (41) 2016) cknowe, ) on (Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials used. Geography Contemporary inta-tt 241‘Ans. On the basi of sources of raw material industries are clasified as: (i). Agro based: Agro based industries draw their raw materials from agriculural products, For example, exiles, Sugar, Collee, Tea and Euible Oil, etc. (Gi) Mineral based: Mineral based draw their rae material from minerals For example, Iron and Sted! industries, cement, machine tools, petrochemicab, etc (Q. 44, Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by dhe industrial development in India. [CBSE (Compe 2017, CBSE (A1) 2016} ‘Ans. Three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by Industral development in India ate: 1. Water Pollution nergylite of waste water discharged by one industry pollutes eight mes the quantity of fresh water. i) Minimising use of water for procuring by reusing and recycling it in to1or more sxccestive stages (ii) Harvesting of rain water can be done to meet water requirement. “Treating host water and effluents before releasing them in riversand pond. 2. Air Pollution (i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to (actories with ‘electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separaters Smoke can be reduced by using ol or natural gas instead of coal in the factories. 3. Noise Follution (Machinery and equipments can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers. i) Almostall machineries can be redesigned to increase enemgy efficiency and reduce noise ii) Noise ebsorbing material may be used apart from personal use of ear plugs and earphones Q. 45. Give any two main factors responsible forthe location of Jute industries in the Hughii Basin, ‘Ans. (Proximity ofthe ate producing reas. i) Inexpensive water transport (ii) supported by a good network ofrailways, roadways ‘raw material to the mills Q. 46, Give any two challenges foced by jute industry. ‘Ans. (i) Stil competition in the international market trom synthetic substitutes, Competition from the other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand, 1.47. Why are sugar mills shifting to South India? ‘Ans. (i) Ttis sobecise the cane produced in these states has high sucrose content Gi) The cooler dimake also ensures longer crushing seasons. (Q.48, What are the weaknesses of iron and stecl industries? ‘Ans. (i) High costs and limited availability of coking co (i). Lower productivity oflabour, (i) Lmegular supply of energy (ix) Poor infrastructure. | Name the cight aluminium plants of India. waterways to failitate movement of /Ass. (In Odlisha (Naleo and Bale) (2) (i) West Bengal (ia) Kerala (iv) Utar Prades () Chhatisgarh (si) Maharashtra (i) Tamil Nadu (Q. 50, How did liberalisation policy of government help in the progress of automobile industry? "Ans. Ater the liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three wheelers. 242 am idea Social Sciemse-X41. Why has sluminiom metal great impotence? tease can 2016, ‘Ans. Aluminium metalhas great importance beause: Te combines the strength of teas sch as Irom wih extreme lightness and alo with good conductivity and great malleailiy Long Answer Questions jaa SETS) Each of the following questions are of 5 marks and have to be answered in about 100 words. @. 1. What fctorsare required to set ap am indstry in a region? ‘Ans Poors ruined btwp an indy: (i) Availabilty ofa materia: Raw materials shou be easly availble fom neatby areas ony (i) Lalo: Labour should be skied a exit saibe from the neighbouring ares on (6) Powersupply: Without power supply, an industry can per the requirements (iv) Marka 18 a heavy material and 4 prishatle good, markt forthe sale of the gonds should ao be available in a neatby area only. 5 2. What are dhe major drawbacks forthe cotton textile industry? ‘Aut. Major drowhacksr Inia hava lage share inthe work trate ofcotten yam butits trade in rerymade garments isonly 4 percent af the words ta ‘India's spinning mil are competitive at the global level and capable of wsng al the preducel 1 Butthe weaving, kniting and procningunitecannotute much the high quality yarn that is produced i the country. 4 There ae some lage and modern factories in these segments, but most of the productions arcin fragmented sal unis, wich eter tothe al market. ‘This mismatch is 4 major dramback for the industry. A& a rest, many Indian spinners export cotton yern tile garment mamuiacurers have ws iopore bse ot tun, soit should aso be avilable as Q. 3. Why are jute mills concentrated along the Hoogly river? Explain giving reasons, oR Jute industry is concentrated in the Hugli basin”. Validate the statement with three suitable reasons. [CBSE Semple Paper 2017} ‘Ans. Reasons for concentration of jute mills along the Hoogly river: ‘¢- West Bengal isthe storehouse of jute. It produces the highest quantity of jute ‘© The industry requires alot of water which is easly available from the Hoogly river. labour from neighbouring sates of ‘© Cheap labour is easily av Bihar and Odisha ‘¢ Inexpensive water transpor in the river Hoogly is available ‘© Alarge urban sector in Kol Kolkata is a good harbour which can provide facilities for the export of jute products in various parts of the world, What is the contribution of manufacturing industry tothe nationsl economy? # Overthelasttwodecades,theshareofmanuficturing sectorhas stagnated to 17 percentofihe which is required to be increased ‘¢ The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade is around 7 per cent per ‘annum, whereas the desired growth rate is 12 per cet. 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per ‘¢| With proper polices of he government andefforts bythe industry toimprove productivity, ‘economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade ‘eography: Contemporary Indi-tt 243 lable because of migratt provides banking, insurance and loan faci“The National Manufacturing Competitiveness C Q.5. Classify industries on the basis of ownership. ‘Ans. On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as: Public Sector: These industries are owned and operated by the government agencies. Private Sector: These industries are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs TISCO, Bajaj Auto Lad., Reliance Industries, Dabur Indu Joint Sector: These industries are joindy run by the state and individual or a group of individuals Oil India Ltd. (OIL) isjointy owned by public and private secors. Gv) Cooperative Sector: These industries areowned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materia, workers or both. They pool in the resources and share the profits ot lostes proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerah. Q.6. Whatis the status of India in jute production? Ans. Indias the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and standsat second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. There are about 70 jute millsin India, Mostof these are located in West Bengal tnainly slong the banks of the Hugi river, in a narrow bel, The frst jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra, After partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three: fourths ofthe jute producing areas became part of Banglades Q.7. Explain any tvo main challenges faced by the jute industry in India, Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy. [CBSE Delhi 2017] Ans, Challenges faced by the jute industey: (i) Still competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes, }) ‘To stimulate the lemand ofthe products need tobe diversified. Gi) Seif competition from the other compettors ike Bangladesh, Brazil ett Objective of National Jute policy: (Increasing pro Gi) Improving quality. i) Ensuring good prices tothe jute Farmers. v)_Enbancing the yield per hectare. ‘Whatis India’s status in chemicals production? ‘The chemical indusiry in India is growing fast and diversifying. It contributes approximately three per cent of the GDP. Itis the third lagest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in terms of is size. It comprises both large-scale and small-scale manufacturing units. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors, Q,9. What is the status of cement industry in India? 1s. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904. After Independence, the industryexpanded. Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 and other policy reforms led the cement industry to make ropid sides in capacity, process technology and production. There are 128 large plants and $82 mini cement plants in the country. India produces a variety ofeement, which is needed for domesic as well as international matket. Q.10, Whats the current position of automobile industry in India? ‘Ans. Automobile industry provides vehicle for quick tramport of goods and passengers. Trucks, buses ears, motorcycles, scooters, three wheelers and multi-atlty vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres, After the liberalisation, the coming in ofnew and contemporary mode's stimulated the demand for vebiclesin the market, which led 1o the healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three-wheelers. The industry had experienced a quantum {jumpin less than 15 years Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technologyand aligned the industry with global developments. (244 Xam ies Social Science-x ancil (NMCC) hasheen setup with thisobjertive,Q.11, Why are sugar mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? Explain any three problems faced by sugar industry in India, (CBSE Deis 2016) oR Give reasons as w why dhe ideal location of sugar mills ‘Support the statement with reasons. ‘Ans, Sugar industries are concentrated in the sugarcane producing areas: (i) Sugarcane isa perishable good, it looses its sucrose content if delays in transportat ‘occurs, 4 it needs to be in the nearby place. }) Sugarcane is bulky and perishable, s transportation cost reduces. (ii) Near itso the production area, its production automatically increases, (Wy) The raw material used in the sugar mills, chat sugarcane is bully. (9). In haulage, its sucrose content reduces Challenges: @), Seasonal nature ofthe industry. }) Old and inefficient methods f production, (ii) “Transport delays in reaching cane to the mills, iv) Need tomaximise the wie of bagasse, ‘Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy. (CBSE (A) 2017) “Ans. Role of chemical industries in the Indian Economy @ Icontributes approximately 8 % ofthe GDP. ) isthe Sr largest in Asia and occupies the 12th place in the world Gi) ecompromises both lage and small scale manufacturing units, (iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in beth inorganic and organic sector: (9) Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manafactaring of synthetic fibers, rubber, plasics, and dye stuff (i) Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, ‘near sugarcane producing areas. paints et (ii) The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Q. 19. Suggest any five measures to control industrial pollution in India. [eBse (#2017) "Ans, Measures To Control Industrial Pollution () Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more sucessive stages Harvesting ofrainwater to meet water requirements, (ii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds (iv) Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases (W) Primary treatment by mechanical means involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. . Secondary treatment by biological process, Tertiary treatment by biological, ‘chemical and physical processes. This Involves recycling of wastewater (si) Overdrawing of ground water necds to be regulated legally. (ii) Particulate matter in the air can be redvced by fiting smoke stacks to factories with clecirostatic preciptator, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. (il) Smoke can be reduced by using olor gas instead of coal in factories, (Gx) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencer. (@) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy eflicency and reduce noise. (xi) Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of earplugs andl earphones. Q. 14, Name the sofiware technology parks of India. ‘Ans. (i) Srinagar 8K) ) Mohali (Punjab) (ii) Noida (U.P) (Ge) Jaipur Rajasthan) eogr@hy: Contemporary intent 245(0) Gandhinagar (Gujarat) (i) Indore (MB) (i) Mumbai and Pune (Mahsrashira) (vi) Bengaluru and Mysore (Karmataks) (ix) Thirwvananthapuram (Kerala) (x) Chennai (Fanil Nadu (xi) Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) (xi) Viskakhapatmam (Gil) Bhubaneshwar (Oda) (xiv) Kolkata (West Bengal) (xv) Guwahati Asam) HOTS t Order Thinking Skills] {@ 1, "The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing \>~ industries.” Support the statement with arguments. [CBSE Dethi 2016} ‘Ans. Manufacturing sectors considered asthe backbone of economic development of our country due to foliowing reasons: (i) Manufacturing Industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them: jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. i) Industrial development eradicate unemployment and poverty from our country. This wat the main philosophy behind publi sector industries and joint sector ventures in Indi. It ‘vas also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. (ii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Gv) Countries that transform thei raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of high value ‘ae prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing. industries as quickly as possible. 2. “Agriculture gives boost to the Industrial Sector.” Support the statement with arguments, Ans. Agriculture and Industry are not exclusive ofeach other (They move hand in hand. (ii). The Agro-Industry in India as given a major boost to agriculture by raising ts productivity. (ii) Theydepend on agriculture for raw material and sell their products such a itrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastics and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers liv) Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agricultursts in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficent. (0.5. "The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Give three arguments to support this statement. {CBSE Dethi2016, ‘Ans. (i) In the present day workl of globalisation, our industry needs to be more efficient and competitive, self sufficiency alone is not enough. iy Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international marke. Only thenwe will beableto compete in the international market and earn foreign exchange. (iy) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of hhigher values are prosperous like Japan and US are industrialised. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. 0.4. "The textile industry oceupies unique position in the Indian economy.” Justify. on Explain the contribution of textile industry in the Indian economy. [CBSE (F) 2017) ‘ecenomy due to fellowing reasons: ‘Ans, Textile Industry occupies unique position in is 246 Xam idea Social Scitce-t(Ie occupies a unique position inthe Indian economy because it contributes significantly to the industrial production (par cont. {G)_ Ie employs about 35 millon people directly and ears foreign exchange of about 24.6 pet cent. The second largest after agriculture (i) The industry hes close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bal bikers and werkers engage in gnning, spinning, weaving dyeing, sing, aces, tailoring and sewing. (@¥) The handspun Khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as cottage industry (© India exports yarn to Japan and exports cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African counties. I heips in earning foreign exchange about 24.6%. (ci) We havea large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting fr one tenth ofthe total trade. (i) Our spinning mils are competitive atthe glotal level and capable of using all the fibres we produce. (vi) Te contributes 4 per ent to our GDP-This industry is self-reliant and complete inthe value hain from raw material tothe highest value aided products. 2.5. Why have the demands of ute products increased internally as wel globally? ‘Ans. The demand for jut products increased interallyas wells globally due to following reasons: (i) Tate is biodegradable product and due to invasion of plastics, jute is needed for being ‘environment friendly. Many. countries want to get sd of plastic bags and want to replace ie with envionment fienaly jue bags. (Gi) Jute industry also support large numberof marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of fute and Mestain the ccuntres like India and Bangladesh (Go) Interal demand has increased intra de to the Governments policy of fte Packaging. 6. “Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development." Examine the statement. ‘Ans. (i) Ion and steel Industry isthe basic industry. Since all the other industries —heavy, medium and light, depee on it for their machinery. (0) Steet needed to manufacturea variety of engineering goods. (ii) Ttisalso neededas construction material defence, medial, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods. ‘Therefore, production and consumption of stel is often regarded asthe index of country’s development. 7. Why is aluminium smelting industry close to power sector? Describe other Important «tors for location of aluminium smelting. Why is this industry gaining importance? Give ‘Ans. (i) Aluminium smelting industry is close to the power sector as regular supply of electri is the prerequisite forthe industry (i) 18,600 Kwh of electricity is needed per ton of tauxite ore for manufacturing aluminium, Aluminium smelting plants in the courtry are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Aluminium Industry is gaining power due to following reasons: (© Tis light, resistant t corosion a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong hen tis mixed with other metas. (i) Tis used for manufacturing aircrafts, utensils and wires. Gil) Khas gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries. ecgrapy: Contemporary ndi-t| 247Factors of Location Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters ea very bulky, datk reddish coloured rock. Q.8. Examine the impact of liberalisation on automotile industry in India. Ans. ‘Automobiles provide vehicles for uick transport of goods, services and passengers. ‘This Industry had experienced a quantum jump in les than 15 years. Foreign direct investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments. (iv) Now youhave any latest automotile vehicle launched in any part of the world simultaneously {t's launched in our country (W) After liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand {or vehicles in themarket, which led tothe healthy growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three wheelers. [NTPC has set an example of a pollution-free industry. How is it possible? Explain. ‘¢ Optimum utilisation of equipments adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing ‘equipments. ‘+ Minimising waste generation by maximisi ‘Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance. ‘Addressing the question of special purpose vehicles of afforestation, ‘Reducing environmertal pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling. system and liquid waste management. + Ecological monitoring, reviews and online datakase management fr all its power stations. Map Questions Q.1. (A) Locate and label the following features on the political map of India. Ix3e3 (@) Coon textile industries. (B) Identify the features marked as A and B on the same given map of India polite (a) Woollen Textile Industry (6) Tron and steel plant [CBSE 2019, 32273) ash utilisation. ‘Ans. (AY () Coimbatore ®) (a) Punjab (b) Bokaro, 248 Xam idea social Science-XQ.2 Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political map of India. Identify these features withthe help of following information and write their names on the lines marked in the map: Ix3=3 A place where coton textile industry is located. (ii) A place where software technology park is located. (il) Iron and steel plant location. [CBSE (F) 2017} ‘Ans. (i) Ahmedabad (i) Bhubaneshwar (ii) Bhadravati 3. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political map of India. Idemify there features with the help of following information and write their names on the lines marked in the map: 1x3=3 () Narora~Nuclear Power Plant (ji) Tuticorin ~ Major Sea Port _ (CASE 2019, 32/2/9) (iii) Bhilai ~ trom and Steel Plant (case (F) 2017) Ans ‘Geography: Contemporary Indios! 249Q.4. On the given Political outline map of India, locate and label the following with appropriate symbole 1x5=3 (@) Bhilai ~ An tron and Stee! Plnt (ji) Narora~A Nuclear Power Plant (i) Kandla ~A major Sea Por {COISE (Compa) 2017) | mon { ' Ans. () Bhilai (i) Naraura Kandla SEERA, 0000 tore Pe ER Answers to NCERT Questions Q.1. Multiple Choice Questions {W), Which one of the following industries uses limestone a a raw material? () Aluminium (b) Cement (© Sugar (2) Jute ‘Ans. (b) Gement (i). Which one ofthe flowing agencies markets steel forthe pubic secior plants? (@) HAIL (@) SAIL (© TATA Steel (@) MNCG ‘Ans (b) Sail (ii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite asa raw material? @ Aluminium ——(&) Cement (e) Jue (Steel ‘Ans. (a) Aluminium iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures tlephones, computer, {@) Steel () Electronic (¢)Aluminium (4) Information Technology ‘Ans. (b) Hlecuonic Q.2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words. i) What is manulacturing? 250 Xam ideo Socal Seince-1‘Ans. Manufacturing i considered the production of a desired product after processing raw materials through the use of machines ard mechanical bout. (i) Nameany three physical factors for the location ofthe industry. ‘Ans. ‘The piyscalfacors that affect the lation ofan industry are: (a) Raw material should be available at low cast and in near distance. (©) Availabilty of land, suitable for setting up an industry. (© Location of market often influences the location of industries. Generally industries are located near large centre of population which acts as consumer of their products and as source of human resources. (i) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry. ‘Ans. The three human facors forthe location of industry ate: (6) Humia labour need appropriate climatic conditions to Bunion snd ‘anno’ be located in harsh environment. Skilled and unskilled labour from nearby regions. (©) There should be transportation facilites availble for commutation from work and home. ©. Indusries need to be located near 3 human settlement from where they can source the required skilled labour. (ie) What are basic industries? Give an example. ‘Ans. Basic industries supply the basic raw or primary material to secondary industries which ‘manufacture other goods. Iron manufacturing industries, cnal production industries, ete. are ‘examples of basic industries (0) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement. ‘Ans. The main raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are: imestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Q.5. Write the answers ofthe following questions in 120 words. 6) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel planta? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led toa rise in the production capacity? OR erefore industries How are industries responsible for environmental Explain with Examples. BSE Delhi 2019 5321/1) ‘Ana. An integrated see plant handles multiple activities within one complex—from raw materials, 10 steel making rolling, shaping, among other which makes these steel plants to be huge in size. A ‘in el plant in smaller ax t produces mild and alloy wel of given requirement The problems faced by this industry are: (@) The production costsare high due to high coss of basic materials such coke coal (0) In India, there isan irregular supply of electricity leading los of time and added cost of generating electricity (© Steel indusiries are located in regions with poor infrastructure which increases cost of \wansportaton and orher utilities, (@)_ Recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity of this industry is the entry of private players which have access to private capital investments and foreign direct investments which has allowed quicker expansion and increased effiiency through oversight. (ii) How do industries pollute the environment? ‘Ans. Indusiries pollute the environment through ai, water, lind and noise (i) Air pollution is cused by he release of oxides of carbon and nitrogen int the ais by paper factories, brick kiln, et. through burning of fossil fuels such as cul (@) Water pottution is caused by the discharge of organic and inorganic industrial wastes into water bodies such as rivers by chemical industries, textile industries, et (ii) Social erosion Industries such as tanneries, wood manufacturing, tc. lead to scl erosion Gecgraphy: Contemporary nda 251for renders the soil infertile by dumping of waste product, cating of trees, among other (is) Noise pollution results from industrial and construction ati affect the nenrby wreas (ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry. ‘Ans. The steps needed to be taken to minimise environmental degradation are: (Industrial wastessuch x plati, metal, ete need tobe recycled and re-used, thereby avoiding the need to dump in water bodies and landiills. Industral discharge needs wo be weated on all ree prior wo flowing into sewage ines Rainwater harvesting needs to be implemented to meet water requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law. (Gi). Smoke chimneys can be fited with electrostatic precipitators, fabric ters, rubbers and inertial separators to reduce the discharge of air pollutanss. (9) Noise pollution can be reduced by the use of silencers. Silent generators and redesigning of ‘machinery can be done to reduce noise ‘SELF ASSESSMENT TEST whose high decibel level (i ‘Time Allowed: 1 hour Max. Marks: 40 SECTION-A Q.1. Choose and write the correct answer for each ofthe following. ax5=5) (The hand span Kadi provides: (a) Selfreliance (Fine fabric (6) Large-scale employment (i) India isthe largest producer of: (@) Raw jute (©) Cotton (Sugar ii) Alltypes of industries depend highly on the following: (@) Tronand steel (b) Jure (6) Bletrcty (i) The maximum concentration of ron snd steet plants in Indi (2) Chhattisgarh (6) Chota Nagpur plateau (@) Malwa plateau (The substance used in fertiliser industry and alsoimperted entirely (@) Nitrogen () Phosphate ( Powash Q.2, Read the following statements carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false. (4x4 = 2) (The ray material, Bauxite, wsed in the smelters is very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock (i) The chemical industry approximately contributes 3% to the GDP (ii) The cement industry has strategically located plants in Maharashtra that have suitable acvess tothe market inthe Gulf countries. (Go) Industrial wastes into water cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages. Q.3. Fill in the Blanks (sx6=3) o pollution aceurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into Tivers and ponds i Aix pollution i caused by the presence of high proportion of, gnc (ii) Most of the public sector undertakings market their steel through eo) is world’ largest consumer of steel. (©) areused for manufacturing synthetic fbresand 5 (i) The firs Ju beticnubber, ‘Mill was et up at Rishra in 1859, near _—_ (252 xamiden Social Science