一、過去分詞的形成

現在完成式須配合動詞的過去分詞使用，以下說明過去分詞的規則及不規則變化：
1. 過去分詞的規則變化
規則變化 例字

① 直接在動詞字尾加 -ed join → joined、play → played、visit → visited

② 動詞字尾有 -e，直接加 -d close → closed、like → liked、use → used

③ 動詞字尾是「子音＋y」時，去 y，
cry → cried、study → studied、carry → carried
再加 -ied

④ 單音節的動詞，字尾是「短母音＋
jog → jogged、mop → mopped、stop → stopped
子音」時，先重複字尾子音，再加 -ed

2. 過去分詞的不規則變化：羅列第五冊 L1 之前學過的動詞
不規則變化及例字
① A-A-A：現在式＝過去式＝過去分詞
過去 過去 過去
現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式
分詞 分詞 分詞
cost cost cost hurt hurt hurt read read read
cut cut cut let let let [rid] [rɛd] [rɛd]

hit hit hit put put put set set set

不規則變化及例字
② A-B-A：現在式＝過去分詞
過去 過去 過去
現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式
分詞 分詞 分詞
become became become come came come run ran run

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 不規則變化及例字
③ A-B-B：過去式＝過去分詞
＊hang 表「施以絞刑」：hang-hanged-hanged；hang 表「晾；掛」：hang-hung-hung
過去 過去 過去
現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式
分詞 分詞 分詞
bring brought brought keep kept kept shine shone shone
buy bought bought lead led led sit sat sat
learned / learned /
catch caught caught learn sleep slept slept
learnt learnt
smelled / smelled /
dig dug dug leave left left smell
smelt smelt
dreamed dreamed spelled / spelled /
dream lose lost lost spell
/ dreamt / dreamt spelt spelt
feed fed fed make made made spend spent spent
feel felt felt mean meant meant stand stood stood
fight fought fought meet met met teach taught taught
find found found pay paid paid tell told told
have had had say said said think thought thought
hear heard heard sell sold sold win won won
hold held held send sent sent

不規則變化及例字
④ A-B-C：三態變化皆不同
＊lie 表「躺下」：lie-lay-lain；lie 表「說謊」：lie-lied-lied
過去 過去 過去
現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式 現在式 過去式
分詞 分詞 分詞
am / is was
been fly flew flown shake shook shaken
are were
forgot /
begin began begun forget forgot show showed shown
forgotten
bite bit bitten freeze froze frozen sing sang sung
got /
break broke broken get got speak spoke spoken
gotten
choose chose chosen give gave given swim swam swum
do did done go went gone take took taken
draw drew drawn grow grew grown throw threw thrown
drink drank drunk hide hid hidden wear wore worn
drive drove driven know knew known write wrote written
eat ate eaten ride rode ridden
fall fell fallen see saw seen
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 寫出下列動詞的過去分詞
1. bake → 2. freeze →
3. celebrate → 4. fry →
5. cost → 6. come →
7. give → 8. read →

二、現在完成式的用法
1. 定義：現在完成式可用來說明從過去到現在為止的「經驗」、「持續的狀態或動作」或表達「已
完成或未完成的動作」。注意 現在簡單式與現在完成式的差別在於，現在完成式能表
達「事件目前的狀況」及其「持續性」。
□
例 (1) Ann started to learn English last year.（Ann 去年開始學英文。）
→未說明目前狀況
(2) Ann is learning English now.（Ann 現在正在學英文。）
→未說明事件持續多久
(3) Ann has learned English for a year.（Ann 已經學英文一年了。）
→說明目前狀況，且說明事件持續多久
2. 句型：助動詞 have / has 加過去分詞形成現在完成式，即「have / has＋過去分詞（p.p.）」，
have 和 has 亦可和主詞縮寫，如 I’ve、you’ve、he’s、she’s。
句型變化及例句
主詞＋have / has＋p.p...
肯定句
I have finished my homework.（我已經完成我的家庭作業。）
主詞＋haven’t / hasn’t＋p.p...
否定句
I haven’t finished my homework.（我還沒完成我的家庭作業。）
Have / Has＋主詞＋p.p...?
Yes / No Yes, 代名詞＋have / has.
疑問句 No, 代名詞＋haven’t / hasn’t.
及簡答 A: Have you finished your homework?（你已經完成你的家庭作業了嗎？）
B: Yes, I have.（是，我已經完成了。）/ No, I haven’t.（不，我還沒完成。）

依提示作答
1. Have you packed your bag?（否定簡答）

2. Has Mary mopped the floor?（肯定簡答）

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3. 用法：
(1) 表從過去到現在「曾經有過」或「未曾有過」的經驗時，常和以下副詞或疑問詞連用。
注意 此種用法也可用簡單式表達類似的意思，但完成式較常使用。
副詞或疑問詞 使用時機 例句
A: Have you ever been to Japan?
ever（曾經） 疑問句，放在 p.p. 前
（你曾經去過日本嗎？）
B: No, I have never been there.
never（從未） 否定句，放在 p.p. 前
（不，我從未去過那裡。）
How many times...?
疑問句 A: How many times have you read the book?
（⋯⋯多少次？）
（你讀過那本書幾次了？）
once、twice...（次數） 直述句 B: Just once.（只有一次。）

(2) 表從過去開始，一直「持續到現在」的動作或狀態。
注意 此用法一定要用完成式表示。
副詞或疑問詞 使用時機 例句
A: How long have you lived in Japan?
How long...? 詢問時間「多久」
（你在日本住了多久？）

since＋過去時間點 B: I have lived here since 2002.

since＋過去式子句 （自從 2002 年我就住在這裡了。）
表示「開始的時間」
注意 since 和 ago 不 I have lived here since I was five.
可連用。 （自從我五歲起，我就住在這裡了。）
I have lived here for ten years.
for＋一段時間 表示「已經持續多久」
（我已經住在這裡十年了。）

根據句意，填入 for 或 since

1. Jenny and her friends have wanted to go to the music festival a long time.
2. Chris has lived with his grandpa he was a kid.
3. My brother has played tennis 3 p.m. He needs to take a break.
4. Andy has talked on the phone about one hour.
5. Ted got hurt last Friday. He has stayed in the hospital then.
6. Justin is late again. I have waited for him two hours.

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 (3) 表「已完成」或「未完成」的動作時，通常沒有明確的完成時間，常和以下副詞連用。
注意 現在完成式用來表達「已完成」或「未完成」的動作時，目的是用來強調，且常可
和過去簡單式替換。
使用
副詞 位置 例句
時機
already p.p. 之 He (has) already finished his work.
肯定句
（已經） 前；句尾 （他已經完成了他的工作。）→本句可和過去簡單式替換

just p.p. 之 He (has) just called me and told me the truth.

肯定句
（剛剛） 前 （他剛打給我並告訴我事實。）→本句可和過去簡單式替換
A: Have you got the mail yet?（你收到信了嗎？）
yet B: No, I haven’t got the mail yet.（不，我還沒。）
疑問句 p.p. 之
（還沒； →本句可和過去簡單式替換，如：
否定句 前；句尾
尚未） A: Did you get the mail yet?
B: No, I didn’t get the mail yet.

根據句意，填入 already 或 yet

1. My mom hasn’t cooked dinner .
2. Jenny has made a lot of friends at her new school.
3. Al: Have you heard the news?
Kenny: Yes, my brother has told me that .

4. 比較 have gone to / have been to / have been in：

gone 是動詞 go 的過去分詞，表「動作」；been 是 be 動詞的過去分詞，表「狀態；經驗」。

主詞必須是「第三人稱」，表「某人已經前往某地，現在人在某地」。
have gone to □ Jack isn’t here. He has gone to Japan for business.
例
（Jack 不在這裡。他已經去日本出差了。）
主詞人稱不限，表「某人曾經去過某地，但是現在人不在某地」，用於表達
have been to 「經驗」。
□
例 Jack has been to Japan before.（Jack 以前曾經去過日本。）

主詞人稱不限，表「某人一直待在某地」。
have been in
□
例 Jack has been in Japan for two weeks.（Jack 已經待在日本兩週了。）

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根據句意，填入 been to 或 gone to
1. Mary and Sue have Japan before. They had a good time there.
2. Sean hasn’t the USA. He’s still in Taiwan.
3. Judy has never Canada, but she plans to visit there this year.
4. Emma has her grandparents’ home. She’ll stay there for one week.

5. 過去簡單式、現在簡單式及現在完成式的比較：
時態 使用時機 例句
(1) I was a salesman ten years ago.
從過去開始，並
（我十年前是位銷售員。）→現在不是銷售員
過去簡單式 在過去結束的動
(2) Bob didn’t brush his teeth yesterday.
作或狀態
（Bob 昨天沒刷牙。）→動作已結束
(1) I am a salesman.
現在的事實或習 （我是位銷售員。）→現在是銷售員
現在簡單式
慣 (2) Bob doesn’t brush his teeth after lunch.
（Bob 午餐後不刷牙。）→表習慣
(1) I have been a salesman for ten years.
（我已經當銷售員十年了。）
從過去持續到現
→現在是銷售員，且已經做了十年
現在完成式 在的動作、經驗
(2) Bob has never brushed his teeth after lunch since he
或狀態
was little.（Bob 從小就沒有在午餐後刷牙的習慣。）
→表持續到現在的習慣
注意 1. 不能單從副詞，如「for＋一段時間」、「次數」、「already、yet…」來判斷句子的
時態。
□ (1) He has already gone to Japan.（他已經啟程去日本了。）
例
(2) He already went to Japan.（他已經去日本了。）
2. 用完成式來表達「持續狀態」時，不是每個動詞都可形成完成式。如有些動作是
瞬間動詞，就不能用完成式表達持續多久。試比較 die 與 dead：
(1) die 是瞬間動詞，瞬間動詞的發生與結束時間很短，且沒有持續性。
過去式：He died. →表示「已經死了」
進行式：He is dying. →表示「快死了；奄奄一息」
未來式：He will die. / He is going to die.→表示「將在未來的某時候死亡」
完成式：He has died. →強調「已經死了」，可和 He died. 替換，不可再接 for
或 since 表達「死了多久」

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 (2) dead 是形容詞，用來表「狀態」。
現在式：He is dead.
未來式：He will be dead soon.
完成式：He has been dead for a year. →強調「已經死了一年」
進階題
( ) 1. Harry the book three times. He really loves it.
(A) reads (B) has read (C) was reading (D) is reading
( ) 2. Harry the book for half an hour, but he didn’t finish it.
(A) reads (B) has read (C) was reading (D) read
( ) 3. Ann: Gina has been in the bathroom . What is she doing there?
Ben: I have no idea.
(A) since one hour (B) one hour ago (C) for one hour (D) about one hour
( ) 4. Ben for Mr. Wang twenty years ago.
(A) has worked (B) worked (C) was working (D) works
( ) 5. Ben has worked for Mr. Wang over twenty years.
(A) for (B) since (C) to (D) than
( ) 6. Linda English since 2002. She is an experienced（有經驗的）teacher.
(A) taught (B) teaches (C) is teaching (D) has taught
( ) 7. Linda English for ten years and then quit（辭去）her job in 2003.
(A) taught (B) teaches (C) is teaching (D) has taught
( ) 8. Linda English in 2002 and bought a big house the next year.
(A) taught (B) teaches (C) is teaching (D) has taught
( ) 9. John moved to Japan last year and there since then. He really likes the country.
(A) has lived (B) lived (C) is living (D) was living
( ) 10. John quit（辭去）his job and to Japan last year. He really liked the country.
(A) has moved (B) moved (C) is moving (D) was moving
( ) 11. A: Has John to the USA?
B: Yes, and he will stay there for a week.
(A) been (B) gone (C) go (D) went
( ) 12. A: Has John to the USA before?
B: Yes. He just went back from there.
(A) been (B) gone (C) go (D) went
會考題
( ) 1. Paul misses his parents a lot. He them since he came to work in Taiwan a year ago.
(A) didn’t see (B) doesn’t see (C) hasn’t seen (D) won’t see 【110-5】
( ) 2. Our teacher Ms. Wu seldom laughs, but when she , everyone in the same building can
hear her. 【110-6】
(A) can (B) does (C) has (D) will

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( ) 3. My sister is coming to my home today. She with me for a week. 【110-7】
(A) stays (B) stayed (C) has stayed (D) will stay
( ) 4. For the past twenty years, my father in a school library. But he’ll leave the job next
month. 【109-7】
(A) worked (B) has worked (C) is working (D) works
( ) 5. Mozart his first music when he was only six years old. 【109-9】
(A) is writing (B) has written (C) will write (D) wrote
( ) 6. Amy: How’s the weather there in Japan? Is it snowing?
Sandy: No, but for the next few days. I learned it from the TV news. 【109-補-8】
(A) it was (B) it has (C) it is (D) it will
( ) 7. Dad: Have you brushed your teeth yet? Ann: No, but I before I go to bed. 【107-8】
(A) haven’t (B) have (C) won’t (D) will
( ) 8. Tom ten pounds（磅）for over the past two months. He looks much thinner now.
(A) loses (B) has lost (C) will lose (D) was losing 【104-6】
( ) 9. On Children’s Day, Ms. Lee, a famous storybook writer, to Molly’s Bookstore to talk
about her new book. My two little kids can’t wait to see her. 【104-9】
(A) came (B) was coming (C) has come (D) is going to come
( ) 10. Alex: Why are you still here? It’s already eight o’clock.
Tom: Because I my work. Don’t worry. It’s almost done. 【99-1-16】
(A) wasn’t finishing (B) wouldn’t finish
(C) haven’t finished (D) won’t finish
( ) 11. Candy has decided to move to Taipei next year. When she studies in an art school there, she
with her aunt for five months. 【98-1-13】
(A) lives (B) has lived (C) lived (D) will live
( ) 12. Mrs. Smith the movie very much. She has seen it three times. 【97-1-4】
(A) liked (B) likes (C) has liked (D) will like
( ) 13. Many of my classmates have had the experience of taking an airplane, but I .
(A) don’t (B) wasn’t (C) won’t (D) haven’t 【96-1-6】
( ) 14. Tina hamburgers for lunch every day last week. 【95-2-10】
(A) has (B) had (C) has had (D) was having
( ) 15. My brother doesn’t live with us. He out after he got married（已婚的）. 【95-1-14】
(A) has moved (B) will move (C) was moving (D) moved
( ) 16. Ryan: Would you like to play tennis with me?
Dora: No, thanks. it for three hours already. I’m tired now. 【94-2-16】
(A) I play (B) I’m playing (C) I’ve played (D) I’ll play

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一、文法選擇（每題 3 分，共 30 分）
( ) 1. My mom doesn’t let my brother play video games because he TV for three hours.
(A) has watched (B) is watching (C) will watch (D) was watching
( ) 2. Ted: you ever kangaroos before?
Jim: No, never. What about you?
(A) Do; feed (B) Will; feed (C) Have; fed (D) Did; fed
( ) 3. Addie: Do you know the news about Kenny?
Jones: No. I haven’t my Facebook page（網頁） .
(A) checked; already (B) checked; yet
(C) check; already (D) checking; yet
( ) 4. A: What are we waiting for?
B: Lily her meal. Let’s wait for her.
(A) doesn’t finish (B) didn’t finish (C) hasn’t finished (D) isn’t finishing
( ) 5. Ivy and her husband New York many times.
(A) have been in (B) have been to (C) have gone to (D) are in
( ) 6. Ivy and her husband aren’t home. They the movies already.
(A) have been in (B) have been to (C) have gone to (D) are going in
( ) 7. My grandma for three years, and I still miss her a lot.
(A) died (B) was dead (C) has been dead (D) is dying
( ) 8. A: have you been married（已婚的）? B: For more than ten years.
(A) How much (B) When (C) How long (D) How many times
( ) 9. I have never seen John since he away.
(A) moved (B) moves (C) is moving (D) has moved
( ) 10. Jerry swimming for two hours every day last summer, and he really enjoyed it.
(A) went (B) goes (C) has gone (D) is going

二、依提示作答（每題 5 分，共 25 分）
1. My dog has played with his toy for about thirty minutes.（依畫線部分造原問句）

2. No, the river has not frozen yet.（依畫線部分造原問句）

3. How long has Dustin been a soldier?（以「從他離開學校」詳答）

4. Have you ever been to America?（先肯定簡答，再以「去過很多次」詳答）

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 5. Mary started to fry the potatoes five minutes ago.
Mary is frying the potatoes now.（用現在完成式合併句子）

三、整句式翻譯（每題 6 分，共 30 分）
1. 你以前曾經嘗試過多少不同種類的巧克力餅乾呢？（…have…）

2. 你曾經去過那個小島嗎？

3. Sandra 還沒閱讀完那本食譜。

4. 這個點心自 18 世紀以來就很受歡迎。

5. A：Jimmy 成為香腸小販多久了？
B：他是香腸小販已經超過 5 個月了。

四、克漏字測驗（每題 3 分，共 15 分）
Many people are crazy about Apple’s products, iPad and iPhone. They have been popular since
they 1. out, but 2. you 2. of Apple’s latest product, iRing? It’s not a common ring. It
can make our life more convenient.
The news about iRing is exciting to Apple fans. 3. they can’t have one now, they are able to
buy it by the end of the year. It’s a cool product just like a small controller. If we 4. iRing, we can
control our music player more easily. iRing only comes in two colors, black and white. We don’t have
many color choices.
5. you 5. to buy one? Before you make the decision, you need to save enough money
first. It will definitely cost you a lot of money.
 controller 控制器 control 控制 choice 選擇 decision 決定 definitely 肯定地
( ) 1. (A) are coming (B) came (C) come (D) will come
( ) 2. (A) were; hearing (B) are; hearing (C) do; heard (D) have; heard
( ) 3. (A) After (B) If (C) Although (D) Because
( ) 4. (A) wear (B) is wearing (C) will wear (D) were wearing
( ) 5. (A) Do; want (B) Have; wanted (C) Will; want (D) Has; wanted

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