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Retaining Wall (Example)
Retaining Wall (Example)
Dp
g1,f1
g2 ,f2, C2
H =9m f2 =200
DP = 20kN/m2 C2 = 50kN/m2
D= 1.5m C25
g1= 18kN/m3
Requirement
- Stability analysis
- Structural design
o Drainage provision
o Structural Drawing
Solution
i, Tentative Design Dimension
Dp= 20kN/m2
30cm
b=150
9m
2.35m tb
0.80m
7m
- Calculation of the thickness of the base of the stem
D H
H= = = 1.11
g
10.11m
9m
b
tb
Ph = ghcosbKa
f
Where = b = 0.311
b f
9m
tb 55.03kN/m2
Shear force at the base of the stem
6.04 + 55.03
= ∗ 9 = 274.815 /
2
Allowable wide beam shear resistance of concrete, Vud
.
Then = = = 0.458
W6 Dp= 20kN/m2
0.30m
W1
W4
9m
W2
W7
2.35m 4.15m
0.50m
W3 0.80m
7m
W1= 0.30*9.0*25 = 67.5kN/m
W6 = 4.3 * 20 = 86 kN/m
= 1056.08 kN/m
Dp= 20kN/m2
b=150
PA H’
150
4.15 m
PA= ½ * g * H’2 * Ka
Vertical component of PA
W6
0.30m
b=150 W5
W1
W4
PAV
9m
W2
W7
PAh
W3 0.80m
t
7m
To find the point of application of the resultant take moment of all forces about the toe of the wall
.
= = 3.36
.
tanf
Nq = tan2 (45+f/2) e
For f = 200
Shape factors
Sc = Sq = Sg = 1.0
= tan -1 (390.62/1134.43)
R = 19
0
VAh = 1134.43
PAh = 390.62
For = 190
ic = iq = 0.62 , ig = 0
Depth Factors
dc = 1+ 0.4 (Df / B)
dq = 1+2 tan f (1-sinf)2(Df / B)
dg = 1
Where f = Angle of shearing resistance of soil in degree
For Df/ B = 1.5/ 7 = 0.21
dc = 1.08 , dq = 1.07 , dg = 1
Then
qult = 50* 14.84 *1*1.08* 0.62 + 18* 1.5* 6.4*1.0 *1.07* 0.62 +
½ * 6.72 * 16*5.39*1.0*1.0* 0
= 611.48kN/m2
vi, Calculation of contact pressure under the base of the wall
- from flexural formula
6
= 1±
1172.03 6 ∗ 0.14
= 1+ = 185.72 / <
7∗1 7
1172.03 6 ∗ 0.14
= 1− = 145.92 / ≫0
7∗1 7
Checking of the thickness of the base for shear stresses
W6
0.30m
W5
W4
2.35m
0.50m 4.15m
W7
WB2 WB1
0.80m
149.56kN/m2
2
174.56kN/m
164.38 kN/m2
166.17kN/m2
Heel
V = 62.3 + 41.46 +86 + 4.15 * 0.80 *25 – (149.56 *4.15) - ½ *(164.38 – 149.56) * 4.15
= 231. 33kN/m2
.
Shear stress ,n = = ∗ .
= 323.54 / < …
Toe
V = 0.7 *16* 2.35 + 25* 2.35* 0.80 – (174.56 +166.17)/2 * 2.35
= 379. 66kN/m2
.
Shear stress ,n = = = 530.99 / < …
∗ .
Then
∑ 5428.37
= = = 3.47 > 1.5 … … .
∑ 1562.48
Then
646.23
= = 1.65 > 1.5 … … .
390.62
ix, Structural Design
a, Design of Stem
- For the design of the stem, the vertical component of PA and own weight of the stem
are neglected
6.04kN/m2
9m
55.03kN/m
2
Moment equation
When X = 4.5m
M = 143.83kN-m/m
When X = 9m
M = 905.98kN-m/m
The required steel quantity at the depth of 4.5m and 9m may be calculated using a cover of
75mm
At X = 4.5 m
At X = 9 m
M = 0.32 * fcd * bd2 = 0.32 *11.33*1000*1.0 *(0.41)2 =609.46kN-m/m < Mdeveloped not ok
B, Design of Heel