For study purpose only

From various sources

1 Description
• Iblis refused to bow down to Adam

Quran Reference Qs2 : 34

• And behold, We said to the angels: "Bow down to Adam" and they bowed down. Not soIblis: he refused and was haughty: He was of
those who reject Faith.

Original Source VITA ADAE ET EVAE (Life of Adam and Eve) Chapter 14
• And I answered, 'I have no (need) to worship Adam.' And since Michael kept urging me to worship, I said to him, 'Why dost thou urge
me? I will not worship an inferior and younger being (than I). I am his senior in the Creation, before he was made was I already made.
It is his duty to worship me.

Period 3rd - 5th century

Type of literature Jewish apocryphal literature

2 Description
• Abraham destroying the idols, after which he is delivered by God from being thrown into the fire

Quran Reference Qs21: 51- 71

• So he broke them to pieces, (all) but the biggest of them, that they might turn (and address themselves) to it.
They said, "Burn him and protect your gods, If ye do (anything at all)!
We said, "O Fire! be thou cool, and (a means of) safety for Abraham!

Original Source Midrash Rabbah Genesis 38: 13

• Terah was a manufacturer of idols. He once went away somewhere and left Abraham to sell them in his place.
We will worship nought but the fire. Behold, I will cast you into it, and let your God whom you adore come and save you from it.'
Now Haran was standing there undecided. If Abram is victorious, I will say that I am of Abram's belief, while if Nimrod is victorious I
will say I am on Nimrod's side. When Abram descended into the fiery furnace and was saved, he [Nimrod] asked him, 'of whose
belief are you?' 'Of Abram's' he replied.

Period 2nd century

Type of literature Jewish legend

3 Description
• Cain learning to bury Abel's body by watching a raven scratch the ground

Quran Reference Qs5 : 31

• Then Allah sent a raven, who scratched the ground, to show him how to hide the shame of his brother. "Woe is me!" said he; "Was I
not even able to be as this raven, and to hide the shame of my brother?" then he became full of regrets

Original Source Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Bereshit 10

• After Cain slew Abel, the body laid outstretched upon the earth, since Cain did not know how to dispose of it. Thereupon the Holy
One, blessed be he, selected two clean birds and caused one of them to kill the other. The surviving bird dug the earth with its
talons and buried its victim. Cain learned from this what to do. He dug a grave and buried Abel. It is because of this that birds are
privileged to cover their blood.

Period 5th century

Type of literature Jewish legend

4 Description
• A specific moral and legal application to the story of Cain and Abel

Quran Reference Qs5 : 32

• On that account: We ordained for the Children of Israel that if any one slew a person - unless it be for murder or for spreading
mischief in the land - it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the
whole people. Then although there came to them Our messengers with clear signs, yet, even after that, many of them continued to
commit excesses in the land.

Original Source Mishnah Sanhedrin 4 : 5

• Therefore, Adam the first man was created alone, to teach you that with regard to anyone who destroys one soul from the Jewish
people, i.e., kills one Jew, the verse ascribes him blame as if he destroyed an entire world, asAdam was one person, from whom the
population of an entire world came forth. And conversely, anyone who sustains one soul from the Jewish people, the verse ascribes
him credit as if he sustained an entire world.

Period 3rd century

Type of literature Jewish oral traditions

5 Description
• God holding a mountain over the Israelites like a canopy so that they are terrified it will fall on them. He then warns them to fear God
and remember the revelation they've been given.

Quran Reference Qs7: 171

• When We shook the Mount over them, as if it had been a canopy, and they thought it was going to fall on them (We said): "Hold
firmly to what We have given you, and bring (ever) to remembrance what is therein; perchance ye may fear Allah."

Original Source Babylonian Talmud

• Rabbi Avdimi bar Ḥama bar Ḥasa said: the Jewish people actually stood beneath the mountain, and the verse teaches that the Holy
One, Blessed be He, overturned the mountain above the Jews like a tub, and said to them: If you accept the Torah, excellent, and if
not, there will be your burial.

Period 3rd – 6th century

Type of literature Jewish Talmud

6 Description
• A small group of young men who fell asleep in a cave and miraculously were preserved in slumber for 300 years before God awoke
them.

Quran Reference Qs. 18: 9-26

• Then We draw (a veil) over their ears, for a number of years, in the Cave, (so that they heard not):Then We roused them, in order to
test which of the two parties was best at calculating the term of years they had tarried!
We relate to thee their story in truth: they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We advanced them in guidance: Such (being
their state), we raised them up (from sleep), that they might question each other.
So they stayed in their Cave three hundred years, and (some) add nine (more).

Original Source Homilies of Jacob of Serugh

• The Seven Sleepers is a tale where seven believers from Ephesus seek refuge in a cave from pagans threatening them with death and
fall into miraculous sleep lasting hundred years of years. They awake to find the pagans vanquished and the land converted to their
faith.

Period 6th century

Type of literature Syriac Christian legend

7 Description
• Mary’s temple service and angelic food

Quran Reference Qs. 3 : 37

• Whenever Zechariah entered upon her in the sanctuary, he found her with provision. He said, 'O Mary, where did you get this from?'
She said, 'It is from God; God provides to whom He wills without reckoning.

Original Source The Book of James – Protevangelium Chapter 8

• And Mary was in the Temple of the Lord. She was nurtured like a dove, and received food from the hand of an angel.

Period 2nd century

Type of literature Christian Apocrypha and Early Christian Literature

8 Description
• Josephchosen by lots

Quran Reference Qs3 : 44

• These are accounts from the Unseen, which We reveal to you. You were not with them when they cast their lots as to which of them
would take charge of Mary; nor were you with them as they quarreled.

Original Source The Book of James – Protevangelium Chapter 9

• But Josephreceived the last rod: and lo, a dove came forth of the rod and flew upon the bead of Joseph. And the priest said unto
Joseph: Unto thee hath it fallen to take the virgin of the Lord and keep her for thyself.

Period 2nd century

Type of literature Christian Apocrypha and Early Christian Literature

9 Description
• Preborn Jesusshake the trunk of the palm-tree for Mary

Quran Reference Qs. 19: 22 - 26

• So she carried him, and secluded herself with him in a remote place. The labor-pains came upon her, by the trunk of a palm-tree.
She said, 'I wish I had died before this, and been completely forgotten.' Whereupon he called her from beneath her: 'Do not worry;
your Lord has placed a stream beneath you. And shake the trunk of the palm-tree towards you, and it will drop ripe dates by you.
So eat, and drink, and be consoled. And if you see any human, say, "I have vowed a fast to the Most Gracious, soI will not speak to
any human today.

Original Source The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew

• And it came to pass on the third day of their journey, while they were walking, that the blessed Mary was fatigued by the excessive
heat of the sun in the desert; and seeing a palm tree, she said to Joseph: Let me rest a little under the shade of this tree...Then
the child Jesus,with a joyful countenance, reposing in the bosom of His mother, said to the palm: O tree, bend your branches, and
refresh my mother with your fruit. And immediately at these words the palm bent its top down to the very feet of the blessed Mary;
and they gathered from it fruit, with which they were all refreshed.

Period early 7th century

Type of literature Christian Apocrypha and Early Christian Literature

10 Description
• Jesusmaking clay birds and bringing them to life

Quran Reference Qs. 3 : 49 & Qs. 5 : 110

• "And (appoint him) a messenger to the Children of Israel, (with this message): "'I have come to you, with a Sign from your Lord, in
that I make for you out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, and breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by Allah's leave: And I heal
those born blind, and the lepers, and I quicken the dead, by Allah's leave; and I declare to you what ye eat, and what ye store in
your houses. Surely therein is a Sign for you if ye did believe

Original Source The Infancy Gospel of Thomas

• And a certain Jew when he saw what Jesusdid, playing upon the Sabbath day, departed straightway and told his father Joseph: Lo,
thy child is at the brook, and he hath taken clay and fashioned twelve little birds, and hath polluted the Sabbath day. And Joseph
came to the place and saw: and cried out to him, saying: Wherefore doest thou these things on the Sabbath, which it is not lawful to
do? But Jesusclapped his hands together and cried out to the sparrows and said to them: Go! and the sparrows took their flight and
went away chirping.

Period 2nd century

Type of literature Christian Apocrypha and Early Christian Literature

11 Description
• Denial of Jesus crucifixion

Quran Reference Qs. 4 : 157

• And for their saying, 'We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.' In fact, they did not kill him, nor did
they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did.

Original Source Irenaeus: Against Heresies, Chapter 24 (Doctrines of Saturninus & Basilides), Section 4
• He did not himself suffer death, but Simon, a certain man of Cyrene, being compelled, bore the cross in his stead; sothat this latter
being transfigured by him, that he might be thought to be Jesus, was crucified, through ignorance and error, while Jesushimself
received the form of Simon, and, standing by, laughed at them. For since he was an incorporeal power, and the Nous (mind) of the
unborn father, he transfigured himself as he pleased, and thus ascended to him who had sent him, deriding them, inasmuch as he
could not be laid hold of, and was invisible to all.

Period 2nd century

Type of literature Gnostic beliefs

12 Description
• Denial of Jesus crucifixion

Quran Reference Qs. 4 : 157

• And for their saying, 'We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.' In fact, they did not kill him, nor did
they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did.

Original Source The Second Treatise of the Great Seth

• Those who were there punished me. And I did not die in reality but in appearance, lest I be put to shame by them because these are
my kinsfolk. I removed the shame from me and I did not become fainthearted in the face of what happened to me at their hands. I
was about to succumb to fear, and I <suffered> according to their sight and thought, in order that they may never find any word to
speak about them. For my death, which they think happened, (happened) to them in their error and blindness, since they nailed
their man unto their death. For their Ennoias did not see me, for they were deaf and blind. But in doing these things, they condemn
themselves. Yes, they saw me; they punished me. It was another, their father, who drank the gall and the vinegar; it was not I. They
struck me with the reed; it was another, Simon, who bore the cross on his shoulder.
Period 2nd – 3rd century

Type of literature Christian apocryphal gospel & Gnostic beliefs (the Archontics)