Lec.

5 Applied statistics 23-11-2022

The dispersion (variability) measures

1- Absolute dispersion measures.
c. Average deviation (AD).

AD = X ignoring the sign

Variance S2 = X change\squares the unit measure

Standard deviation (SD) S = =

S2 =

Example:
The following data represent the marks of a sample of some MBA
students in Stat.
30,25,22,28,29,28,27,26,25,24
 Calculate the best central and absolute dispersion measures, give the
reason for your selection.
 Comment on the final answer.
Ans.:
Since the data is quantitative and doesn’t contain any extreme value, we
can’t apply steam and leaf because the data is not spread on a large scale.
The best central measure is the mean X X̄ (Xi-X̄ ) (Xi-X̄ )2
and the best absolute dispersion 30 26.6 3.6 12.96
measure is the SD. 25 26.6 -1.4 1.96
st 22 26.6 -4.4 19.36
Using 1 rule:
X̄ = 264\10 = 26.4 mark 28 26.6 1.6 2.56
29 26.6 2.6 6.76
28 26.6 1.6 2.56
S2 = 27 26.6 0.6 0.36
26 26.6 -0.4 0.16
= 1\9 (54.4) = 6.04 mark2 25 26.6 -1.4 1.96
24 26.6 -2.4 5.76
Σ 264 0 54.4
S = = √6.04 = 2.46 mark

A.Essam 1
 Lec. 5 Applied statistics 23-11-2022

Mean = 26.4 mark.

-2.46 +2.46
23.94 mark 28.86 mark

The majority of the students in this exam their marks are ranged from
23.94 mark to 28.86 mark.
Using 2nd rule:
S2 = X Xi2
30 900
= 1\9 [7024-10(26.4)2]
25 625
= 1\9 [7024-6969.6] 22 484
28 784
= 1\9 [54.4] = 6.04 mark2 29 841
28 784
27 729
26 676
25 625
24 576
Σ 264 7024

Why we can’t use the SD in comparing the homogeneity between two

symmetric groups?
1. The difference in the unit measure (SR,LE)
2. The difference in means (mean marks of the males not equal to
mean marks of the females).

2- Relative dispersion measures.

It’s used to compare the homogeneity between different groups to find
which group is the most homogenous.
CV coefficient of variation ‫معامل األختالف‬

S
CV1= X 100 Symmetric
X̄

Q3-Q1
CV2 = X 100 Skewed
Q3+Q1
(We use CV2 in case we have to compare between symmetric and skewed data in different
groups)

A.Essam 2
Lec. 5 Applied statistics 23-11-2022

In comparing the homogeneity between different groups we always depend

on CV2 in making this comparison unless one case when all the groups are
symmetric we have to use CV1.
Example:
Male marks:
17,18,15,16,14
Female marks:
n mean median mode SD Q1 Q3 Min. Max.
20 24 22 25 4 20 28 16 30

 Compare the homogeneity of the marks between the two groups.

Ans.:
Since the group of males doesn’t contain any extremes and we can’t apply
stem and leaf then we have to assume that their marks are symmetric.
Since the value of the median of the marks of the females is not between
the mean and the mode then therefore their marks must be symmetric
then the best dispersion measure is CV1.
Females:
CV1 = S X 100 = 4\24 X 100 = 16.67%
X̄
Males:
X̄ = 80\5 = 16
S2 =
= 1\4 [ (17-16)2 + (18-16)2 + (15-16)2+ (16-16)2 + (14-16)2 ]
= 1\4 [ 1+4+1+0+4 ] =1\4 [ 10 ] = 2.5 mark2
S = = √2.5 = 1.58 mark

S
CV1 = X 100 = 1.58\16 X100 = 9.88%
X̄
Since CV1 for males (9.88%) is less than CV1 for females (16.67%) therefore the
marks of male group are more homogenous than the marks of female group.

A.Essam 3