RESEARCH PROPOSAL

PERFORMANCE TASK #1 IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 (SECOND QUARTER)

TOPIC: Research Proposal

Goal: To write a research proposal which includes a comprehensive introduction and methodology.
Role: Students will be the researchers of their chosen field of specialization.
Audience: Teacher will serve as the audience for these researcher
Situation: Writing of Research Proposal
Product, Performance, or Purpose: Research Proposal

STANDARD 4 3 2 1 Rating Weight Score

S
Introduction Well formulated Fairly well Introduction is not Lacks a proper
introduction based on formulated well constructed introduction. There
facts that are supported introduction that and provides a few is no substantive
with 5 or more strong has some (less than 5) evidence to support x2
sources of evidence evidence to sources of weak the topic.
specific to the topic. support the topic evidence to support
but the evidence the topic.
is a mixture of
strong and weak
sources.
Review of the Comprehensive Comprehensive Superficial review Superficial review
Literature review of the review of the of the literature of the literature
literature using literature using that does not that is poorly
quality evidence and quality evidence describe the organized and
specifically analyzes but does not research findings; lacks credibility x2
the research adequately relies heavily on based on the
conducted by analyze the a few studies and level of evidence
describing the research uses poor quality and resources
individual studies findings; simply resources for presented. Less
and findings that reports on the information than 5 references
support the thesis literature. A gathering Less included.
and focused minimum of 8 than 8 quality
problem. A minimum quality references
of 10 quality references included.
references included. included.
Methodology Clear explanation of A good Some explanation Little if any
the choice of explanation of provided for the explanation
methodology and its the choice of choice of provided for the
links to the inquiry / methodology methodology and choice of
research question; and its links to its links to the methodology and
Full description and the inquiry / inquiry / research few links made to X2
explanation of research question; Some the inquiry /
participants; Type of question is description and research
measurement is provided; A explanation of question; Little if
clearly identified; good participants; Type any description
quality approach is description and of measurement and explanation
clearly explained as explanation of is somewhat of participants;
it relates to participants; identified; some Little if any
quantitative research Type of explanation on information on
measurement is the quality Type of
identified; approach is measurement is
quality explained as it identified; little if
approach is relates to any mention of a
explained as it quantitative quality approach
relates to research is explained as it
quantitative relates to
research quantitative
research

Comprehensiv The paper was written The paper is well Most parts of the The paper was
e comprehensively. All written but few paper should be poorly written.
 parts were explained parts are not well elaborated and X3
and elaborated well. elaborated. justified.

Comprehensiv The paper was written The paper is well Most parts of the The paper was
e comprehensively. All written but few paper should be poorly written.
parts were explained parts are not well elaborated and X3
and elaborated well. elaborated. justified.
In text citation More than 5 current 5 current sources, Fewer than 5 Fewer than 5
and Reference sources, of which 3 are cites most data current sources, current sources, of
peer reviewed journals obtained from cites some data fewer than 2 or 5
or scholarly books. other sources. obtained from other are peer reviewed
Cites all data obtained APA citation style sources. Citation journals or
from other sources. is used in both style is either scholarly books.
x3
APA citation style is text and inconsistent or Does not cite
used in both text and reference . incorrect. sources.
reference.

Mechanics Information is very Information is Information is not Information is not

organized. No organized. that organized. organized and there
grammatical, spelling, Almost no There are few is unacceptable
or punctuation errors grammatical, grammatical, number of x3
spelling, or spelling, or grammar, spelling,
punctuation punctuation errors. and punctuation
errors. errors.
Collaboration Always listen to, shares Almost always Usually listens to, Often listens to,
with Peers with, and supports the listen to, shares shares with, and shares with, and
efforts of others in the with, and supports the efforts supports the efforts
group. Helps the leader supports the of others in the of others in the x2
to keep people working efforts of others group. Does not group but
together in the group. cause waves in the sometimes is not a
Tries to keep group good team member
people working
together.
Time Frame Submission - Day of Defense Total:
68+2
 RESEARCH PROPOSAL

BASIC INFORMATION
Research/Project Title: A Study of Banana Stem Fiber based eco bag as an alternative to plastic bag
Project Duration ( in months):
PROPONENT
Name:
JAVIER, Francine Daphne P.
SARARAÑA, Nicel l.
NABUAB, John Myles E.
PINEDA, Marife P.
PENIT, Rens P.
Cell phone number:
09669043034
09756638789
09051646249
09672385090
09122357844
Email address:
daphnejavier03@gmail.com
nicelsararaña@gmail.com
mylesnabuab1234@gmail.com
marifepineda08@gmail.com
penitrens@gmail.com
Home address:
Blk 16 Lot 19, Oriole Street, Vallejo Place, Pasong Buaya II, Imus, Cavite,
Blk 25 Lot 34 Grapes Street Phase 3, West Camella Springville, Molino 3, Bacoor, Cavite
Blk 14 Lot 42 Georgetown Heights Subdivision, Molino 4, Bacoor, Cavite
Blk 14 Lot 29 Joyful loop Street, Happy Homes Felicity, Buhay na Tubig, Imus, Cavite
Blk 16 Lot 38 Phase 2, Avida Sta. Catalina, Barangay Salawag, Dasmarinas, Cavite
DETAILS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Please present your research proposal based on the following guidelines. Proposal should not exceed
20-single spaced pages.
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RATIONALE:

Banana fiber is obtained from the pseudostem of the banana plant. According to a study conducted

by a researcher, several of the trainees showed a vested interest in this enterprise due to limited
financial capacity, worry about not finding the right market, and concern over not receiving support

and encouragement from their families. Currently, banana fiber is a byproduct of banana farming

that is only partially or improperly utilized. It is uncommon to remove fiber from the pseudo stem,

and a significant portion of the stem isn't used to make fibers. Additionally, the fibers' behavior

provides vital hints about their future behavior in composites as reinforcement. To fully characterize

banana fibers and enable appropriate applications in composites reinforced with natural fibers, more

study is needed ( Binapani, Pankaj & Borgohain, 2014). Various studies also discussed and

highlighted the efficiency of banana stem fiber than the other fibers and synthetic fibers. As the

century draws to close, environment concerns have become of paramount importance, including

awareness to use eco-friendly material. One alternative product which is worth developing is banana

peduncle fibers.

The goal of this study is to create environmentally friendly bags from banana stem fiber as an

alternative to plastic bags that may aid the environment and as a means to combat plastic bags that

have a significant negative impact on the ecosystem. It is also a renewable and biodegradable

material with a plentiful supply and no hazardous components utilized in the manufacturing process.

Reducing plastic waste and conserving natural resources through recycling, will help the community

as a whole. Students, employees, business owners, street peddlers and most importantly our

community may all benefit from this research. Additionally, this experimental study can provide

useful ideas to prevent environmental pollution.

OBJECTIVES:
The Study specifically aims:
a. To identify the effectiveness of banana stem fiber in making eco bags.
b. To determine the benefits of using banana stem fiber in our environment as an alternative eco
bag.
c. To differentiate between eco bags made of plastic and eco bags made of banana stem fiber

EXPECTED OUTPUTS:
This study is intended to show that these bags are employed to prevent environmental pollution.
Ecobags not only recycle material that would be going to waste, they also eliminate the need for
single-use plastic bags that have proven to harm the environment. Banana fibers are good absorbent,
highly breathable, quickly dry with high tensile strength, biodegradable and have no negative effect
on the environment.

SIGNIFICANCE:
The goal of this study is to see if eco bags made from banana stem fiber can be used in place of
plastic bags. Using environmentally friendly materials can help reduce the use of plastic. This study
will benefit people who use plastic bags and want to replace them with eco-friendly bags. In this
case, it may be useful in addressing the issue of plastic waste. When compared to using plastic bags,
banana stem fiber as an alternative eco bag can be more useful and efficient.

STUDENTS
The findings of the study to students is that it raises the awareness of the importance of using
environmentally friendly materials.This study will give students ideas for how to use items that will
allow them to be creative. This study will help the progress of innovation in using eco-friendly
materials.

TEACHERS
The findings of the study will help teachers gain new knowledge in using banana fiber as an eco bag,
and they can be a way to gather more information to relay to the students.

COMMUNITY
This study aims to provide new information about the advantages of using banana fiber around the
community to allow them to be knowledgeable and creative on using banana fiber. This study will
make the community more responsible and environmentally friendly about wastes in our
environment, especially the banana fiber.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS
This study would help the future researchers to be aware and knowledgeable on banana fiber
processes is essential. Future researchers will gain insights and ideas that will be useful to them
when doing research related to this study. Additionally, this study is important for future researchers
because it includes the justification for the study as well as a step-by-step explanation of how to
make a fiber bag.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Introduction:

The use of banana fiber as well as its qualities, properties, and utility as a physical product was
acknowledged by several authors. The three key themes for the review will be discussed by the
researchers in this chapter. The three major themes are mainly the Banana Stem Fiber as an
Eco-friendly Material for Product Making, Banana Fiber Fineness, Strength, Durability and
Sustainability for Product Process Making, and The Reason Why Banana Stem Fiber are Efficient
and an Economy Friendly Material for Product Making. By examining earlier research, we suggest
the themes that will help and reinforce our study. There are numerous ways to categorize the themes
in these literary works. However, the primary objective of our work is to produce an eco-bag made
of banana fiber to replace plastic bags.

Body:
Banana Stem Fiber as an Eco-friendly Material for Product Making
Various studies show and prove that banana stem fiber products are excellent eco-friendly material
for product making. The production of banana fiber is increasingly moving toward the idea of
sustainable development and environmental friendliness. According to Deka, BinaPani, Pankaj and
Borgohain (2014) compared to all other synthetic fibers, banana fiber is environmentally friendly
and biodegradable. The mechanical extraction should be used for a comparison of fiber extraction.
From the abovementioned investigation, it was concluded that the mechanical method of fiber
collecting was suitable and environmentally friendly. Natural fibers can help reduce environmental
impact because they are renewable and need less energy to produce and process than synthetic fibers
as stated by Monzón et.al (2019). By burying the fiber in the ground, the biodegradability of the
pseudo-stem fiber from bananas can be studied. When buried in the ground, microorganism
development plays a significant part in the cellulose fiber's destruction by the production of the
cellulose enzyme, which causes tenacity to be lost. Additionally, banana stems and pseudostem
fibers are biodegradable, making them eco-friendly as stated by Sabagyo and Chafidz (2018).
Previous studies said that using an eco-friendly product also raises awareness against
environmentally harmful ways of product making. In this study, Pitimaneeyakul, U. (2009) Banana
fiber: Environmentally Friendly Fabric, the study offers sustainable uses for banana fibers as an
alternative material and provides uses that take environmental considerations into account. Utilizing
leftover goods has environmental advantages versus using new fibers, which could lead to increased
demand for new natural resources and excessive energy usage. Additionally, it raises awareness of
the environmental problem caused by the textile industry's overuse of chemicals due to the use of
synthetic and petro-fibers. Banana peduncle waste might be used in product design instead of
eco-friendly materials. It is also a renewable and biodegradable material with a plentiful supply and
no hazardous components utilized in the manufacturing process. It also presents an additional
alternative that might provide an additional source of income for local residents (Djati, Nur, &
Widiawati, 2019, March). In the study conducted by Dr. Rajput and Khot (2022) Functional Aspect
of Eco-friendly banana Fiber as Textile, also stated that banana fiber has several uses and is utilized
all over the world. In addition to its traditional use in the paper and pulp industry and reinforced
composite materials for automobiles and construction material, banana fiber has a great deal of
potential in the production of innovative eco-friendly products like sanitary pads, masks, and textile
and apparel industries.
Nevertheless, future studies should address the entire process of completely utilizing the banana
plant, which included banana sap, banana fiber, and banana pulp after the fruit was harvested. It can
also be blended with other natural fibers to improve the hand feel and offer a variety of fabric uses,
such as enhancing the banana fiber characteristics and researching variables affecting natural fiber
consistency for environmentally friendly processes (Pitimaneeyakul, 2009)

Banana Fiber Fineness, Strength, Durability and Sustainability for Product Process Making

An excellent source of natural fiber is the pseudostem fiber found in bananas. One of the most
practical plants in the world is the banana plant. Abaca or Musa is the species of banana plant that is
best renowned for its robust fiber. Almost all of this plant's components, including the fruit, peel,
leaves, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inflorescence, can be utilized. (Sabagyo and Chafidz, 2018). Given
that banana fiber is incredibly strong, low maintenance, and has a low wear and tear coefficient, it
has enormous potential for use in the garment industry as analyzed by Dr. Rajput and Khot (2022).

Previous research has conducted the observation and analyzation of the fiber fineness through a
mechanical tester. In this study of Balakrishnan et al. (2019). The mechanical strength of the
processed banana fibers was measured using a universal tensile tester machine as part of the
investigation on enhancing banana fiber fineness for textile applications. The second and third
segments of the pseudo stem were found to be the finest according to the test results.

Banana fibers are thought to be very sophisticated and adaptable. These fibers are utilized in dress
materials, bridal dresses, and shirts because they don't fold easily. Their fineness is influenced by the
type of fibers utilized. (Apparel Views, June 2012). Banana fiber has a lot of potential as an
alternative face mask because it is a robust, natural material that is sustainable and eco-friendly.
Banana pseudo stem masks, made recently with novel materials discovered, can greatly protect us
from viruses while being less expensive than traditional surgical masks. Therefore, it may become a
growing business enterprise following the epidemic (Carag, 2021). When combined with cotton
fiber-based textiles, banana pseudo-stem sap enhances the fire-retardant properties (Okoli, 2020).
What portion of the stem is used to remove the fiber affects the quality of the fiber. When taken from
the interior part of the stem, banana fibers are extremely fine, silky, and have a natural shine. The
coarse and rough fibers produced by the stem's outer strands are mostly utilized for weaving baskets,
producing rugs, and manufacturing ropes. Banana fiber is extremely robust and long-lasting because
it is entirely natural. (Arafat, et al. 2018). Banana fiber has excellent mechanical qualities. These
fibers are strong, lightweight, and flame-resistant. (Vinoth, et al., 2018). Depending on whatever
section of the banana stem is used for extraction, the thickness, characteristics, and texture of the
cloth vary. The stem's inner surface has fine, glossy, and smooth fibers while the outside layer has
coarse fibers as determined in the study Functional Aspect of Eco-Friendly Banana Fiber as Textile
by Dr. Rajput and Khot (2022).

The Reason Why Banana Stem Fiber are Efficient and an Economy Friendly Material for
Product Making

Banana and other natural fibers are an option to reduce pollution because of their distinctive
qualities, such as low cost, light weight, and biodegradability. Millions of people may be able to find
work in the natural fiber sector, primarily in small farms and cottage companies. Since the banana
business in India is so vital to the country's economy, it can also dramatically increase farmers'
take-home pay. Banana plant fiber is produced from the readily accessible agricultural waste, and it
has the potential to be a lucrative resource for farmers.

The post evaluation study conducted by Binapani, Pankaj and Borgohain (2014) on adoption of
banana fiber extraction revealed that 20% of rural women trainees had already begun using the
methods for extracting banana fiber as a home business. They concluded that creating value-added
products from banana fiber can be started as a lucrative home company that is best suited for the
advancement of female entrepreneurship in rural areas. However, several of the trainees showed a
vested interest in this enterprise due to limited financial capacity, worry about not finding the right
market, and concern over not receiving support and encouragement from their families. Currently,
banana fiber is a byproduct of banana farming that is only partially or improperly utilized. It is
uncommon to remove fiber from the pseudo stem, and a significant portion of the stem isn't used to
make fibers. Additionally, the fibers' behavior provides vital hints about their future behavior in
composites as reinforcement. To fully characterize banana fibers and enable appropriate applications
in composites reinforced with natural fibers, more study is needed.

Various studies also discussed and highlighted the efficiency of banana stem fiber than the other
fibers and synthetic fibers. The present review explores the potentiality of banana fiber composites,
emphasizes both mechanical and physical properties and their chemical composition. Properties of
banana fibers are superior as compared to other natural fibers. (Bhatnagar, Gupta, Yadav, 2015).
Banana fiber has excellent export potential. Banana fiber is used in the production of banknotes in
several nations, including Japan, where the Yen is created. Additionally, banana fiber is utilized in
Germany to make money notes, and a trial is currently underway in India. In addition, the spare tire
for the Mercedes-Benz A class was made from banana fibers. These fibers encircled the
polypropylene and thermoplastic-covered tires, which could withstand stone impact and
environmental exposure. The handicraft sector and products for home decorating frequently use
banana fibers. Today, the primary uses for banana fiber are the production of various types of ropes
and cordage. (Dr. Rajput and Khot, 2022). Natural fiber composites have a promising future since
they are more affordable, lighter, and environmentally friendly than glass fiber composites. It has the
best mechanical qualities of any fiber. Its density is lower than that of glass fiber. It is biodegradable,
light, fire resistant, and has a high strength. It's employed in the creation of handmade bags and
coverings. Therefore, future research should concentrate on achieving the same or better component
life and technical performance. Additionally, banana pseudo stem fiber's center core can be utilized
to manufacture pickles, candies, and soft drinks. Banana pseudo stem sap can be used to make
organic liquid fertilizer and mordant for coloring, and the scutcher can be used to generate compost
and vermin-compost.
Conclusion:

In summary,banana fiber is considered as one of the world’s most useful plants. All of the parts of
this plant, for example, fruit, peel, leaf, pseudo-stem, stalk, and inflorescence, can be utilized.
Banana fiber has several advantages for upcoming products such as fiber bags, ropes, packaging, and
more. Since it is a natural fiber in the first place, it is both an extremely effective and
environmentally friendly fabric. In order to reinforce thoughts and handle the issue more
specifically, more debate on these subjects is required soon. According to earlier research, there are
still some gaps that need to be filled. For example, more study is needed to fully characterize banana
fibers and enable appropriate applications in natural fiber reinforced composites. Additionally, the
novel banana yarn needs to be produced using less or even no wool, improving the mechanical
properties of the fiber. Additionally, there are suggestions and advice for upcoming researchers, such
as to only use natural compounds and to give fire resistance capabilities to fiber material, to improve
the strength and durability of the fiber, and to use processing tools that are not environmentally
damaging. The results and findings of this research indicate that banana fiber goods will have a
bright future and that, when processed properly and cleanly, banana fiber is unquestionably a useful
material for creating products.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY:

The given conceptual framework for this research is about the components that surround this
research wherein the entire description of this research will be summarized in this framework. In
this research the IPO Model is used which means the Input-Process-Output. This conceptual
framework will provide more information about the process on what will happen in this study. The
outcome that is added in this framework is where describes the expected outcome of this research.

METHODOLOGY:

Research Site.
The researchers of this study will conduct an experimental study at the University of Perpetual Help
System Dalta Molino Campus, which is located at Molino 3 Bacoor, Cavite. As many students use
plastic bags and then throw them after using them, this behavior made us decide to conduct our study
at the campus. The equipment and materials required for the observation and experiment that will
take place at the specified site will be provided by the researchers.

Research Design and Data Collection:

This quantitative research uses an experimental design because the researcher wants to know the
benefits of the banana (musa ) stem fiber. With increasing demand on eco-friendly materials, banana
fibers are now used to make eco bags etc. These techniques for gathering fresh information are
employed while producing eco-friendly bags from banana stem fibers.

1. Boil the cutted pieces of Banana stem for 15 minutes.

2. Add 25 ml of sodium hydroxide while boiling.
3. After boiling for 15 minutes, strain it to separate the water.
4. Blend it to make the Banana stem fiber.
5. Put it into the container filled with water, use a frame strainer to separate the fiber on water.
6. Let it dry for 24 hours

Data Analysis:

The fiber collecting techniques studied were evaluated, Statistical Analysis is used for data analysis
procedures as the research is all about product development and its scope, Including fermented
extraction and fresh extraction. The fibers were then examined for fiber properties such as fineness,
tensile strength, elongation, and moisture regain. The fibers were then combed and carded in
accordance with standard natural fiber production procedures. An open-ended spinning procedure
was employed for this investigation.

Research Instrument. Observational Sheet

Table 1: Materials

Quantity for Materials Image

Extraction

2 pcs Banana stem

 1 pc Blender

1 pc Frame Strainer

Tap water

Table 2:

CATEGORY

The weight of Very Effective Effective Effective Enough Ineffective

heaviness

1 Kilo

½ kilo

⅓ kilo

Major Activities. Use a Gantt Chart

Month/Duration
Activities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1.Proposal preparation
2. Research preparation
3. Data Collection
4. Data Analysis
5. Paper writing
6. Paper Dissemination

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT:
 Item Estimated Cost
Personnel
Major equipment
Supplies and Materials
Transportation, Communication and Representation
Miscellaneous
Total estimated expenses

BIBLIOGRAPHY/LITERATURE CITED:

Arafat, K., Nayeem, J., Quadery, A., Quaiyyum, M., & Jahan, M. S. (2018). Handmade paper from
waste banana fiber. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 53(2), 83–88.

Balakrishnan, S., Wickramasinghe, G. L. D., & Wijayapala, U. S. (2019). Investigation on improving

banana fiber fineness for textile application. Textile Research Journal, 89(21-22), 4398-4409.

Deka, BinaPani, Deka, Pankaj and Borgohain, Rupam (2014). Exploration of banana fiber as low
cost eco-friendly waste management. Asian J. Bio. Sci., 9 (1) : 129-130.

Djati I. D., Nur, C., & Widiawati D., (2019). An Alternative of Eco-friendly Material from Banana
Peduncle Waste. Virtual Learning Resources Center.

Monzón, M. D., Paz, R., Verdaguer, M., Suárez, L., Badalló, P., Ortega, Z., & Diaz, N. (2019).
Experimental analysis and simulation of novel technical textile reinforced composite of
banana fibre. Materials, 12(7), 1134.

Pitimaneeyakul, U. (2009). Banana fiber: Environmental friendly fabric. Proceedings of the

Environmental Engineering Association of Thailand.

R. Vinoth, K. S., Gokulnath, K. J., BharathKumar, K., Ahildarshan, E., Gokul, P. ( 2018 ). A Study
of Banana Fiber: A Review. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development,
6(9), 2321-0613.

Rajput, Dr. A., & Khot. A. (2022) Functional Aspect of Eco-friendly banana Fiber as Textile.

Sangamithirai, K., & Vasugi, N. (2020c). Banana fibre – A potential source of sustainable textiles.
Journal of Applied Horticulture, 22(2), 133–136.

Subagyo, A., & Chafidz, A. (2018). Banana pseudo-stem fiber: Preparation, characteristics, and
applications. Banana nutrition-function and processing kinetics, 1-19.