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The concept of SD has a long history, sometimes dated back to antiquity
Relevant norms directly related to SD can be found in various laws that have survived to this
day, especially in foresting and water use context
Proper SD standards have appeared only later in the 20th century as a result of international
expert panel’s reports such as:
• The limits of growth (Club of Rome, 1972).
• World Conservation Strategy (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources (IUCN) in cooperation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), 1980).
• The Global 2000 Report to the President (Council on Environmental Quality and the United
States Department of State, 1980).
• Our Common Future (Brundtland Report, the United Nations World Commission on
Environment and Development (WCED), 1987).
• Declarations of various UN high level conferences (Rio de Janeiro 1992, Johannesburg 2002,
Rio de Janeiro 2012).

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As the proactive management of environmental aspects converges with enterprise risk
management, corporate governance, and sound operational and financial practices and
performance, International Standards are becoming increasingly important for organizations to
work towards common and comparable environmental management practices to support the
sustainability of their organizations, products, and services.

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ISO – the International Organization for Standardization:
• Set up in 1947, the organization creates and promotes worldwide proprietary industrial and
commercial standards.
• It has been granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC).
• Members of ISO are the national standard-setting bodies in 164 countries.

The abbreviated name "ISO“ is derived from the Greek word isos meaning equal. This is also the
purpose of a standard, to set equal requirements and/or procedures, that are accepted and
implemented as such by any organization that adheres to the respective standard.

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ISO – the International Organization for Standardization:
• Set up in 1947, the organization creates and promotes worldwide proprietary industrial and
commercial standards.
• It has been granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC).
• Members of ISO are the national standard-setting bodies in 164 countries.

The abbreviated name "ISO“ is derived from the Greek word isos meaning equal. This is also the
purpose of a standard, to set equal requirements and/or procedures, that are accepted and
implemented as such by any organization that adheres to the respective standard.

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• FSC provides a connection between the forest and the end user, ensuring that products with
the FSC label uphold principles and criteria which bring the highest social and environmental
benefits.

• FSC certification can positively impact workers and communities, shift governance processes
globally and change economic and environmental conditions in the forest. This impact
improves conditions such conflict over land tenure and use, worker's health and safety,
biodiversity conservation, protection of endangered species and participatory forest policy.

• By working to promote environmentally and socially beneficial forest management, FSC helps
both local communities and society at large to enjoy long-term benefits of managing forests
in a responsible way.

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Although the ISO 14000 standards are designed to be mutually supportive, they can also be used
independently of each other to achieve environmental goals. The whole ISO 14000 family of
standards provides management tools for organizations to manage their environmental aspects
and assess their environmental performance. Together, these tools can provide significant
tangible economic benefits. Of course, associated with each of these economic benefits are
distinct environmental benefits too. This is the contribution that the ISO 14000 series makes to
the environmental and economic components of sustainable development and the triple bottom
line.

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ISO 14040:2006 describes the principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA)
including: definition of the goal and scope of the LCA, the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI)
phase, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, the life cycle interpretation phase,
reporting and critical review of the LCA, limitations of the LCA, the relationship between the LCA
phases, and conditions for use of value choices and optional elements.

ISO 14044:2006 specifies requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle assessment (LCA)
including: definition of the goal and scope of the LCA, the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI)
phase, the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, the life cycle interpretation phase,
reporting and critical review of the LCA, limitations of the LCA, relationship between the LCA
phases, and conditions for use of value choices and optional elements.

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The issues corresponding to the 7 core subjects
are:
Core subject: Organizational governance has no
issues.
Core subject: Human rights
Issue 1: Due diligence
Issue 2: Human rights risk situations
Issue 3: Avoidance of complicity
Issue 4: Resolving grievances
Issue 5: Discrimination and vulnerable groups
Issue 6: Civil and political rights
Issue 7: Economic, social and cultural rights
Issue 8: Fundamental principles and rights at
work
Core subject: Labour practices
Issue 1: Employment and employment
relationships
Issue 2: Conditions of work and social
protection
Issue 3: Social dialogue
Issue 4: Health and safety at work
Issue 5: Human development and training in the
workplace
Core subject: The environment
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Issue 2: Sustainable resource use
Issue 3: Climate change mitigation and adaptation
Issue 4: Protection of the environment, biodiversity
and restoration of natural habitats
Core subject: Fair operating practices
Issue 1: Anti-corruption
Issue 2: Responsible political involvement
Issue 3: Fair competition
Issue 4: Promoting social responsibility in the value
chain
Issue 5: Respect for property rights
Core subject: Consumer issues
Issue 1: Fair marketing, factual and unbiased
information and fair contractual practices
Issue 2: Protecting consumers’ health and safety
Issue 3: Sustainable consumption
Issue 4: Consumer service, support, and complaint
and dispute resolution
Issue 5: Consumer data protection and privacy
Issue 6: Access to essential services
Issue 7: Education and awareness
Core subject: Community involvement and
development
Issue 1: Community involvement
Issue 2: Education and culture
Issue 3: Employment creation and skills development
Issue 4: Technology development and access
Issue 5: Wealth and income creation
Issue 6: Health
Issue 7: Social investment
Issue 1: Prevention of pollution
Issue 2: Sustainable resource use

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The particularities of ISO 26000 set it apart from other ISO standards, such as ISO 9001. No
certification can be obtained, as ISO 26000 is only intended as a set of guidelines ment to assist
organizations in contributing to sustainable development. It is intended to encourage them to go
beyond legal compliance, recognizing that compliance with law is a fundamental duty of any
organization and an essential part of their social responsibility. It is intended to promote
common understanding in the field of social responsibility, and to complement other
instruments and initiatives for social responsibility, not to replace them.

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ISO 31000 is designed to help organizations :
Increase the likelihood of achieving objectives.
Encourage proactive management.
Be aware of the need to identify and treat risk throughout the organization.
Improve the identification of opportunities and threats.
Comply with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and international norms.
Improve financial reporting.
Improve governance.
Improve stakeholder confidence and trust.
Establish a reliable basis for decision making and planning.
Improve controls.
Effectively allocate and use resources for risk treatment.
Improve operational effectiveness and efficiency.
Enhance health and safety performance, as well as environmental protection.
Improve loss prevention and incident management.
Minimize losses.
Improve organizational learning.
Improve organizational resilience.

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Working plan 2012-2014: Product groups in focus

The product list of the 2012-2014 working plan, discussed in Consultation Forum 1 March 2013, includes
the following product groups (including estimates of potential savings for some of the product groups):

• Windows (19 Mtoe / year of savings on heating fuels).

• Water-using products such as taps and showerheads (21 Mtoe / year of savings on water heating and
water distribution).
• Steam boilers (4 Mtoe / year).
• Power cables (4 Mtoe / year of savings on electricity distribution losses).
• Enterprise servers and data storage (3 Mtoe / year).
• Smart meters (potential to be assessed).
• Wine storage appliances (as addition to measures already covering fridges and freezes).

Possible future product groups

Depending on the progress of the regulatory process, additional product groups may eventually be added:

• Positive displacement pumps (6 Mtoe / year).

• Fractional horse power motors below 200 Watt (6 Mtoe / year).
• Heating controls (8 Mtoe / year of savings on heating fuels).
• Lighting controls (14 Mtoe / year of savings on electricity for lighting).
• Thermal insulation for buildings.
• Power generating equipment below 50 MW.

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Currently, more than 4,600 organizations and more than 7,900 sites are EMAS registered.

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Agreements taken by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development:
• The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.
• Agenda 21 - Global Programme of Action on Sustainable Development.
• Statement of principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests.
• Declaration of Barbados and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of
Small Island Developing States.
• Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972).

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