C H A P T E R 4:

GENDER AND
FAMILY
Prepared by: Ms. Jainera P. Balatian
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 GENDER AS SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
GENDER as a social construct, is inevitably manifested in the various
social institutions (family, workplace, academe, politics, church).

Social institutions consist of a group of people who have come together

for a common purpose.

These institutions are a part of the social order of society and they govern
behavior and expectations of individuals.
A. NATURE & NOTION OF FAMILY
 Family indeed is the most important universal
institution.
 It is the core of the social structure and fundamental unit
of the society.
 History of human beings is the history of family.
 Right from birth to death, the family exerts a constant
influence on the child generally gender-based.
Needs to form a family:
1. Reproductive urge – that is to have sexual relationship to
have a family of your own.
To have children sex is necessary.

2. Biological needs – sexual urge varies according to age.

If one wants to have sex he cannot have anywhere or at anytime
he/she wants to have sex or satisfy sexual urge, marriage is
very necessary.
Needs to form a family:
3. Economic provision – when a child is born he/she is
fully dependent on a family economically.
Characteristics of Family - General
1. Sex relationship should be healthy-present between
husband and wife.

2. It provides care to children like economic needs.

Emotional basis i.e. family is based on emotion. If this is
absent the family breaks.

3. A system of Nomenclature. This means that the children

relates to the families name.
Characteristics of Family - General
4. A single household for a well-organized family.

5. Durable association of hubby and wife.

6. Husband and wife with or without children.

Nature of Family (distinctive characteristics)
1. Universality
2. Emotional basis
3. Formative influence
4. Limited in size
5. Nuclear position in the society
6. Sense of responsibility
7. Social control
8. Permanent and temporary in nature
B. Theoretical Perspective in Gendered Family

Functionalist - believes that the traditional

family as a natural unit exists to maintain
social order and is mutually beneficial to
all.
B. Theoretical Perspective in Gendered Family
Marxist feminist – the nuclear family is
believed to benefit the powerful (ruling class) at
the expense of the working class while women’s
domestic labor enables the future workforce to
reared at little cost to the patriarchal capital
state.
B. Theoretical Perspective in Gendered Family

Feminist – believed that men and women are

socialized into gender specific roles that exist to
confirm and uphold male power and superiority
in the family.
C. Gender Roles in the Family
Gender role in the family – is a set of norms that
compel family members the types of behaviors
which are generally considered acceptable,
appropriate, or desirable for people based on
their actual or perceived sex or sexuality.
C. Gender Roles in the Family
Gender role in the family – are usually centered
on conceptions of femininity and masculinity,
although there are expectations and variations
(Alters & Schiff, 2009).
D. Gender Stereotypes in the Family
Gender stereotypes in the family– parents and
their children are immersed in a social and
cultural environment that produces and
perpetuates gender stereotypes.
E. Gender Inequality (structure) in the Family
Gender inequality in the family– appears as a
particular stubborn problem and must be
addressed responsively on all levels.

Families are not democracies.

F. GAD Mainstreaming in Filipino Family
The SDG of the United Nation includes the observance of
International Day of Families (2015).

The International Day of Families is observed on the 15 th of

May every year.

The Day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in

1993.
F. GAD Mainstreaming in Filipino Family

The 2015 observance of the International Day

of Families aims to promote gender equality and
rights of children within families.
F. GAD Mainstreaming in Filipino Family
1. Understanding the Filipino Family
a. Characteristics of the Filipino Family

2. Changing Gender Role Patterns in Filipino Family

3. Gender Stereotypes in Filipino Family

F. GAD Mainstreaming in Filipino Family
4. Challenges of Today’s Gendered Filipino Family
a. Filipino families are “forced” to separate
due to migration
b. Poverty affects families the most
c. ‘Irregular’ relationships, divorce are being
debated
d. Homosexuals are ‘children of God’
 Let us promote
gender fairness in the
family.

- Ma’am Jainera
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