RED BEANS

SUPERVISOR : TENGKU ZAMRIZAL,M.Pd

By:
Wan Zacky Amzad
NIM. 2302057

Agrotechnology Study Program

Pelalawan Indonesian Institute of Plantation Technology
2023
1
 FOREWORD

We give all praise and gratitude to the presence of God Almighty, because
by His grace and guidance I was able to compose a paper even though its form
is very far from perfection.

In writing this paper, I provide a number of discussions relatedto the

material which are arranged step by step so that they are easy and
understandable for readers. And I also want to thank Mr. Tengku Zamrizal,
M.Pd as a lecturer who has guided the English course. As an ordinary human
being, of course I cannot immediately improve this paper well. Therefore, I
expect constructive criticism and suggestions from supervisors and readers. I
also hope that this paper can be useful for readers.

Pelalawan, 01 Desember 2023

(Wan Zacky Amzad)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
COVER.................................................................................................................1
FOREWORD........................................................................................................2
Table of Contens...................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1.........................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................4
1.1 Background.................................................................................................5
1.2 Formula Of The Problem............................................................................5
1.3 Purpose.......................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2.........................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................6
2.1 Meaning of Redbeans.................................................................................7
2.2 History of Redbeans...................................................................................7
2.3 How type of soil is good for planting redbeans?........................................8
2.4 How water is used for growing redbeans?..................................................8
2.5 How are the superior seeds for cultivating redbeans?................................9
2.6 How do redbeans plants grow?.................................................................10
2.7 How to harvest redbeans properly and correctly?....................................11
2.8 How to market redbeans?.........................................................................12
CHAPTER 3.......................................................................................................14
CLOSING...........................................................................................................14
3.1 Conclusion................................................................................................14
3.2 Advice......................................................................................................14
BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................15
ATTACHMENTS...............................................................................................15

3
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Red beans have a red color on their skin and have varying shapes
according to the type. Red beans are only eaten in the form of old, good seeds
fresh or dried. Red bean varieties circulating on the market are very numerous
and varied . There are several types of red beans, including adzuki beans(small
red beans), red kidney beans (large red beans) and red beans. Red beans are a
source of complex carbohydrates, fiberfood (fiber), B vitamins (especially
folic acid and vitamin B6), phosphorus,manganese, iron, thiamin, and protein.
Red beans has active ingredients, one of which is isoflavone, in 100 grams
Raw red beans contain a sufficient amount of 151.76 mg of isoflavones
to prevent an increase in free radicals . Red beans not yet widely used in the
food production process in society,So we are looking for other alternative uses
for red bean production more widely known to the public. Boiled red beans are
one of them red bean processing efforts which are often used by the
community.
Red bean and black bean plants have scientific names
the same, namely Phaseolus vulgaris L., but has a growth type and
different harvest habits. Red beans are actually nuts
The plant is an upright type (not climbing) and is generally harvested after the
pods mature.Meanwhile, beans generally grow on vines and are harvested at
that time maybe still young.

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1.2 Formula Of The Problem

1. How type of soil is good for planting red beans?

2. How water is used for growing red beans?
3. How are the superior seeds for cultivating red beans?
4. How do red bean plants grow?
5. How to harvest red beans properly and correctly?
6. How to market red beans?

1.3 Purpose

1. To find type of soil is good for planting red beans

2. To find water is used for growing red beans
3. To find are the superior seeds for cultivating red beans
4. To find red bean plants grow
5. To find harvest red beans properly and correctly
6. To find market red beans

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 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

2.1 Meaning of Redbeans

In general, red beans are a type of bean vegetable fruity and very rich in
protein content. This plant is trusted originates from Central America and South
America. The spread of red bean plants from America to Europe carried out
since the 16th century. The central area of distribution began in England (1594),
spread to European countries, Africa, and even Indonesia. 1 Red beans are one
of the many popular vegetables because it tastes delicious and savory. This nut
is rich in vitamins A, vitamin B, and vitamin C, especially in the seeds. Red
beans is a type of annual legume that grows upright.
Red bean leaves are a bit rough and the pod type is flatter than on long
beans. With a slightly unpleasant aroma of pods, size The pods are short, about
12 cm, some are straight or curved in color There are various kinds, some are
flat and some are round. Red beans including food plants that have long been
cultivated in Indonesia.Cultivating red beans is relatively easy with a small risk
of failure.

2.2 History of Redbeans

Red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or jogo beans (upright type of

chickpeas) originate from America. The spread of red bean plants from America
to Europe began in the 16th century. The center of distribution was England and
development began in 1594, to European and African countries to Indonesia.
Cultivation of red bean plants in Indonesia has expanded to various regions. In
1961-1967 the area planted with red beans in Indonesia was around 3,200 Ha, in
1
Tuso Wiyono, Teknik Budidaya Tanaman Kacang Merah, Laporan Praktek Lapangan Universitas Tadulako,
Palu, 2012,hlm.1
6
1969-1970 it was 20,000 Ha and in 1991 it reached 79,254 Ha with a production
of 168,829 tons. In Indonesia, the areas where Jogo beans are widely planted are
Lembang (Bandung), Pacet (Cipanas), Batu City (Malang), and Lombok Island.
Red beans are a type of bean that is often found in traditional markets, so they
are easy to get and the price is relatively cheap. Red beans are often used in
several dishes, such as soup, rendang and cakes, and are now even commonly
used for baby food considering their high nutritional value, especially as a
source of protein and phosphorus.2

2.3 How type of soil is good for planting redbeans?

To achieve optimal growth, red bean plants have growth requirements that
must be met, the growth requirements are loose soil with a pH between 6 - 6.5,
slightly moist and good drainage. Poorly drained soil will cause root and seed
pod growth. The following are the conditions for growing red beans: The ideal
climate is a wet climate The ideal height is 1,300-2,000 meters above sea level
(meters above sea level)The ideal temperature ranges between 19-24 degrees
Celsius The best type of soil for planting media is andosol soil Ideal soil pH
ranges from 5.5 to 6 Rainfall is between 1,500-2,500 mm/year.3

2.4 How water is used for growing redbeans?

2
Devan, Alvaro.(2023).Dampak Perbandingan Kacang Merah Dan Suhu Pengovenan Terhadap Karakter
Brownies Kacang Merah (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.).Flora:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pertanian dan Perkebunan
2023,1.3:01-08
3
https://berita.99.co/cara-menanam-kacang-merah/#:~:text=Syarat%20Tumbuh%20Kacang
%20Merah&text=Iklim%20idealnya%20adalah%20iklim%20basah,media%20tanamnya%20adalah%20tanah
%20andosol (Diakses pada 30, November 2023)
7
 Smothered red beans. Using five types of water has shown various growth
and developments every day. The five types of water used are rice water, salt
water, tap water, detergent water and mineral water.On the first day, red beans
that were watered using tap water were the fastest growing plants because they
were recorded as growing 0.8 cm long, followed by plants watered using rice
water that were 0.5 cm long and plants that were watered using mineral water
were 0.4 cm long. cm. Plants that were watered using salt water and detergent
water did not grow on the first day.On the second day, the plants that were
watered using tap water, rice water and mineral water still continued to grow as
can be seen in the data written in the table. What is different is that the roots are
visible when watered with tap water, even though they are very small. In
contrast to plants that were watered using salt water and detergent water, plants
that were watered using salt water had not yet grown but still looked fresh,
while red beans that were watered using detergent grew white in color.On the
third day, the roots of the plants that were watered using tap water became more
clearly visible. Plants that are watered using mineral water and rice water also
start to show roots. Plants that were watered using detergent water had rotted,
all parts of the red beans were covered with white mold. Meanwhile, the plants
that were watered using salt water still did not grow, plus, on the third day the
plants did not look fresh and the beans shrank.The fourth day and so on, only
red beans are watered tap water, rice water, and mineral water that continue to
grow and develop. Red beans that were watered using salt water and detergent
water did not experience growth and development at all. On the seventh day the
red beans that were watered with salt water shrank and their surface wrinkled
due to shrinkage, the red beans that were watered with detergent water gave off
an unpleasant odor on the seventh day.4

2.5 How are the superior seeds for cultivating redbeans?

https://www.academia.edu/35873489/PENGARUH_JENIS_AIR_TERHADAP_PERKEMBANGAN_DAN_PE
RTUMBUHAN_KACANG_MERAH (Diakses pada 30,November 2023)
8
 The seeds used are red bean seeds of the Inerie variety which have been
retested for growth capacity, if they show a growth capacity of at least 85%,
then the seeds are suitable for use in this research. Soaking red bean seeds can
be done using plain water at room temperature (25- 30℃) which will take 12-
16 hours and the soaking process time can be shortened if the soaking is done
using a temperature of 50-80℃

2.6 How do redbeans plants grow?

There are a number of ways to plant red beans, including:

1. Preparing the Seeds.The first way to plant red beans can be done by preparing
the seeds first.To get the best quality seeds, the way to do it is to buy them
directly at a farm shop.Apart from buying them, using red bean seeds as seeds is
also allowed. Choose seeds that are not deformed, have a shiny color, and are
old.
Before planting the seeds, you should first soak them in water for about 15
minutes, then select the seeds that have sunk to plant.
2. Prepare Planting Media.The next way to plant red beans can be done by
preparing the planting medium. Before that, first prepare the place where you
want to use it, whether it will be planted in open land, pots or polybags.If
planted in open land, the soil must be loosened first. The planting media used
are soil, husks and compost.The three planting media ingredients can be mixed
in a ratio of 2:1:1. The amount can be adjusted according to the container you
want to use.
3. Planting Red Beans.Once the planting medium is ready, red beans can be
planted. For large-scale planting, red beans can be planted during the dry
season.In contrast to small to medium scale, red beans can be planted at any
time. To plant them in medium-sized pots or polybags, you can plant 1 to 2 red
bean seeds per container.Red beans can generally be harvested when they are 2-
3 months old.Tips for Caring for Red Bean Plants
There are several tips for caring for red bean plants that you need to pay
attention to so that they grow well, namely.
1. Watering.Red bean plants need sufficient water, so they can be watered twice
a day. To water it, you can do it in the morning and evening.
9
2. Weeding.The next tip for caring for red bean plants is weeding. Weeding is
done to clean weeds and wild grass that grow around the plants.Proper weeding
can be done when the plant is 21 days old or before the flowers grow.
3. Fertilization.Red bean plants need to be given fertilizer to stay healthy and
grow well. The fertilization process can be carried out after the plants are 15
days old.
4. Embroidery.The next tip for caring for red bean plants can be done by
replanting. Embroidery is done by checking plants that grow abnormally.As for
the timing, replanting can be done when the plant is 14 days or 2 weeks old.
5. Control Pests.Red bean plants are also at risk of being attacked by pests, such
as leaf-cutting flies or leaf beetles.Pest control can be done by applying organic
insecticides every 4 days.That's a series of information about how to plant red
beans along with tips for caring for them easily.5

2.7 How to harvest redbeans properly and correctly?

1. Harvest. Red beans are ready to harvest, with the pod skin looking or
feeling rough, the pods are protruding, and the pods are dull in color. Harvesting
red beans usually. 3 months after planting date. Pea pod picking is usually done.
with bare hands. Red bean trees are very sensitive trees, so when harvesting
using non-sterile tools, it is possible that the red bean trees will be easily
attacked by bacteria from the cutting tools used.
2. Post-Harvest. Sorting includes post-harvest activities that discard or
separate the results based on quality. Seeds that are deformed due to pest attacks
and old diseases, or those that are broken due to a poor harvest are separated.
Then the nuts that have been separated. according to the quality of the red
beans, dry them in the sun for 2 days in hot weather. The drying process is
carried out so that it does not rot easily. The sorting area must be protected so
that the newly harvested produce does not wilt quickly. Next, the red beans are
stored in a special storage room with a temperature of 0-4.4° C and humidity of

5
https://m.kumparan.com/seputar-hobi/3-cara-menanam-kacang-merah-di-rumah-dan-tips-merawatnya-
20SbLA8zhsB/1 (Diakses pada 30, November 2023)
10
85%-90%. Packing can be done in burlap sacks, good packing will protect the
red beans from physical damage.6

2.8 How to market redbeans?

Red beans packaging often uses transparent plastic or styrofoam. The thing
to pay attention to is that the packaging must have air circulation holes.Red
beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a bean commodity Nuts are very well known
to the public and are abundantly available in Indonesia. This is in accordance
with data from the Central Statistics Agency (2014) which states Red bean
production in Indonesia in 2013 reached 103,376 tons. High production levels
are often not matched by utilization high too. In Indonesia, red beans are usually
only processed into ice cream and soup. Apart from being processed into these
two products, red beans can also be processed into two products processed into
flour.
Red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has the same scientific name as
chickpeas, namely Phaseolus vulgaris L, only the growth type and harvest
habits are different. Peanut red beans (jogo beans), are actually upright type
chickpeas (No. vines) and are generally harvested from old pods, so they are
called Bush beans. Meanwhile, beans generally grow on vines (pole beans) and
only the young pods are harvested (Sugiyono, S.2018).7
Besides being rich in protein, red bean seeds are also a source
carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The vitamin content per 100 g of seeds is:
vitamin A 30 SI, thiamin/vitamin B1 0.5 mg, riboflavin/vitamin B2 0.2 mg, and
niacin 2.2 mg (Astawan, 2009).
The protein content in red beans, already long recognized for its
contribution to the daily diet. Even nuts Red supplies almost as much protein as
meat. Matter This shows that based on its nutritional content, especially protein,
Red beans have the potential to be used as (meat analog) (Astawan,2009).8
6
https://prin.or.id/index.php/JURRIT/article/download/590/651 (Diakses pada 30,November 2023
7
Sugiyono, S. (2018). PEMANFAATAN KACANG MERAH DALAM PEMBUATAN NAKARAH (NASI
BAKAR KACANG MERAH) SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF SUBSTITUSI BERAS MERAH. Prosiding
Pendidikan Teknik Boga Busana, 13(1).
8
Astawan, I. M. (2009). Sehat dengan hidangan kacang dan biji-bijian. Niaga Swadaya.
11
 In Indonesia, this plant is called beans because it is consumed as a pod the
young or jogo nuts for the dried seeds consumed. Red beans is a type of local
jogo bean cultivar whose seeds are consumed as vegetables (Sunarjono ,H.
H.2012).9
.

9
Sunarjono, H. H. (2012). Kacang Sayur. Penebar Swadaya Grup.
12
 CHAPTER 3

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

From the discussion above, it can be concluded that red beans are a grain
commodity that has many benefits for the human body. Utilization of red beans
can be optimal as long as the post-harvest process is carried out properly and
correctly considering the red beans. very easy to damage. The sequence of post-
harvest processes for red beans includes harvesting, shelling, peeling, washing,
drying, sorting, storing and packaging.

3.2 Advice

With the completion of this paper, the author advises readers to study
further regarding post-harvest handling of red beans, especially during the
storage process, considering that red beans are very easily damaged.

13
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Astawan, I. M. (2009). Sehat dengan hidangan kacang dan biji-bijian. Niaga Swadaya.
Devan, Alvaro.(2023).Dampak Perbandingan Kacang Merah Dan Suhu Pengovenan Terhadap
Karakter Brownies Kacang Merah (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.).Flora:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu
Pertanian dan Perkebunan 2023,1.3:01-08
Sugiyono, S. (2018). PEMANFAATAN KACANG MERAH DALAM PEMBUATAN
NAKARAH (NASI BAKAR KACANG MERAH) SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF
SUBSTITUSI BERAS MERAH. Prosiding Pendidikan Teknik Boga Busana, 13(1).
Sunarjono, H. H. (2012). Kacang Sayur. Penebar Swadaya Grup
Tuso Wiyono, Teknik Budidaya Tanaman Kacang Merah, Laporan Praktek Lapangan
Universitas Tadulako, Palu, 2012,hlm.1
https://berita.99.co/caramenanamkacangmerah/#:~:text=Syarat%20Tumbuh%20Kacang%20Merah&text=Iklim
%20idealnya%20adalah%20iklim%20basah,media%20tanamnya%20adalah%20tanah%20andosol (Diakses
pada 30, November 2023)
https://www.academia.edu/35873489/
PENGARUH_JENIS_AIR_TERHADAP_PERKEMBANGAN_DAN_PERTUMBUHAN_KACANG_MERAH
(Diakses pada 30,November 2023)
https://m.kumparan.com/seputar-hobi/3-cara-menanam-kacang-merah-di-rumah-dan-tips-merawatnya-
20SbLA8zhsB/1 (Diakses pada 30, November 2023)
https://prin.or.id/index.php/JURRIT/article/download/590/651 (Diakses pada 30,November 2023

14
 ATTACHMENTS
PICTURE OF THE GROWTH PROCESS OF RED BEANS:

PICTURE OF RED BEANS:

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16