What Is The Difference Between

a Code, Standard and Specification

in the pressure piping ?
This prepared
by Engineer Antar Mustafa
antar.mustafa@gmail.com
+201064724668
o Table of Contents
o 1. What Is The Difference Between a Code, Standard, Regulation and Specification?
o 1.1. What Is a Code?
o 1.2. What Is a Standard?
o 1.3. Standards fall into two general categories:
o 1.4. What Is a Specification?
o 1.5. What Is a Regulation?
o 1.6. A Summary of Codes, Standards, Specifications and Regulations
o 2. NAVIGATING THE GLOBAL LANDSCAPE: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND CODES
FOR PIPING ENGINEERS
o 2.1. ASME B31 Series
o 2.2 Presently, the sections of ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping
o 2.3. ASME B3 1.3 Process Piping Codes, Standards and Specifications.
o 2.4. API 570
o 2.5. ANSI/ASME B16 Standards
o 2.6. ISO 9001:2015
1. What Is The Difference Between a Code, Standard, Regulation and Specification?

• In every project, engineers, contractors and others must refer to different

standards, codes and more to do their work.
• But have you ever considered the differences between a code and a standard?
• Or, what about how those are entirely different than specifications or regulations?
1.1. What Is a Code?
• A code is a set of rules that serve as generally accepted guidelines recommended for
‫الكود عبارة عن مجموعة من القواعد التي تعمل بمثابة إرشادات مقبولة بشكل عام يوصى باتباعها في الصناعة‬
the industry to follow.
‫إنها موجودة لغرض السالمة‬
• They exist for the purpose of safety, quality or other benefit. .‫أو الجودة أو أي فائدة أخرى‬
• On its own, a code is not a law that must be followed, but can be adopted into a law
or included in a business contract. .‫ ولكن يمكن اعتمادها في قانون أو تضمينها في عقد عمل‬،‫ال تعد القواعد في حد ذاتها قانونًا يجب اتباعه‬
• Each code specifies the minimum acceptable requirements for an piping process or for
the performance of the final system itself. ‫يحدد كل رمز الحد األدنى من المتطلبات المقبولة لعملية األنابيب أو ألداء النظام النهائي نفسه‬
• Codes may incorporate or refer to existing standards or specifications (which are
discussed below). .)‫قد تتضمن الرموز أو تشير إلى المعايير أو المواصفات الحالية (التي تتم مناقشتها أدناه‬
 ‫التزام‬ ‫إلزامي‬
➢ Is Compliance with a Code Mandatory? ‫االلتزام بها غالبًا ما يكون أفضل ممارسة‬
➢ A code on its own does not need to be followed, but compliance is often a best practice.
‫الهدف من الكود هو تطبيقه‬
➢ The intent of a code is for it to apply widely across an industry, making it easy to be
‫اعتماده وتخصيصه‬ .‫السلطات القضائية المحلية‬
adopted and customized by local jurisdictions. ‫تقوم السلطات القضائية المحلية بمراجعة القواعد بعناية للتأكد من أنها مقبولة وقابلة‬
‫ وقد يستغرق األمر سنوات حتى تتبنى السلطة القضائية القواعد‬،‫للتطبيق على المنطقة‬

➢ Local jurisdictions may diligently review a code to ensure it is acceptable and applicable
to the area, and it may take years for a jurisdiction to adopt a code.

➢ A regulatory organization imposes mandatory compliance to a code , from‫التصميم‬ ‫تفرض منظمة تنظيمية االمتثال‬
‫ بد ًءا من‬،‫اإللزامي للكود‬
the basic design through to mechanical completion and even-tual hand-over ‫األساسي وحتى اإلكمال‬
‫الميكانيكي وحتى التسليم الكامل‬
of a plant to the operator. .‫للمحطة إلى المشغل‬

➢ For example, ASME B31.3, Process Piping, is the refinery code.

➢ The insurer of the plant will make this a contractual requirement to ensure
safety for personnel and plant during construction, commissioning, and
ongoing operation. .‫ستجعل شركة التأمين على المصنع هذا متطلبًا تعاقديًا لضمان سالمة الموظفين والمصنع أثناء اإلنشاء والتشغيل والتشغيل المستمر‬
➢ The codes, standards, and specifications that relate to piping systems and piping
components are published by various organizations.
 begin; start.
➢ Before design engineering work can commence on a process unit, it must be established
which international codes, standards, and specifications apply to the project.
➢ Without these essential documents in place, it is impossible to deliver a project that
meets international safety levels and engineering quality necessary for the plant owner
،‫قبل أن تبدأ أعمال التصميم الهندسي في وحدة المعالجة‬
tobe granted an operating license Project. .‫يجب تحديد القواعد والمعايير والمواصفات الدولية التي تنطبق على المشروع‬
‫ سيكون من المستحيل تسليم مشروع يلبي مستويات السالمة الدولية والجودة الهندسية الالزمة لمنح مالك المصنع رخصة تشغيل المشروع‬،‫بدون توفر هذه المستندات األساسية‬

1.2. What Is a Standard? ً‫توضي ًحا أكثر تفصيال‬

a standard tends be “a more detailed elaboration, the nuts and bolts of meeting a code.”
،‫خبرك الرمز بما يجب عليك القيام به‬
➢ A code tells you what you need to do, and a standard tells you how to do it. ‫ويخبرك المعيار بكيفية القيام بذلك‬

➢ While a code provides requirements for the products (e.g. material performance level)
and processes (i.e. methodology of the design) involved in installation, standards benefit
both the contractors and engineers who employ them, and also the end user.
‫ وكذلك المستخدم النهائي‬،‫ فإن المعايير تفيد كالً من المقاولين والمهندسين الذين يستخدمونها‬،‫الكود يوفر متطلبات المنتجات ( مثل مستوى أداء المواد) والعمليات ( أي منهجية التصميم) المشاركة في التثبيت‬

➢ The how-to nature of a standard:

➢ The how-to nature of a standard:
1. Creates a common language in the industry for a given process.
2. Documents the requirements for products, practices, methods or operations.
.‫إنشاء لغة مشتركة في الصناعة لعملية معينة‬ .1
3. Builds confidence about the quality and safety for users. ‫يوثق متطلبات المنتجات أو الممارسات أو األساليب أو العمليات‬ .2
.‫يبني الثقة حول الجودة والسالمة للمستخدمين‬. .3
4. Lowers the cost of production as requirements are standardized. .‫يقلل من تكلفة اإلنتاج حيث يتم توحيد المتطلبات‬ .4

1.3. Standards fall into two general categories:

‫المعايير الطوعية‬ ‫تم إنشاء نوع واحد من‬
1. Voluntary standards ‫المعايير الطوعية من قبل‬
‫هيئة من القطاع الخاص ويتم‬
▪ One type of voluntary standard is established by a private-sector body and made ‫إتاحتها لالستخدام من قبل‬
،‫األشخاص أو المنظمات‬
available to persons or organizations, whether private or public, to use. ‫سواء كانت خاصة أو عامة‬

▪ Also considered voluntary standards are those known as “industry standards” or

“consensus standards.” "‫تعتبر أي ًضا معايير طوعية هي تلك المعروفة باسم "معايير الصناعة" أو "معايير اإلجماع‬
▪ The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), for example, may make
a voluntary standard mandatory as a result of its use, reference or adoption in its
regulations, or when invoked in contracts, purchase orders or other commercial
( ‫ يجوز إلدارة الصحة والسالمة المهنية‬،‫ على سبيل المثال‬OSHA) ‫أن تجعل المعيار الطوعي إلزاميًا نتيجة الستخدامه أو‬
instruments. .‫ أو عند االستناد إليه في العقود أو أوامر الشراء أو األدوات التجارية األخرى‬،‫اإلشارة إليه أو اعتماده في لوائحها التنظيمية‬
 ‫يتطلب المعيار اإللزامي االمتثال‬
2. Mandatory standards ‫بسبب قانون أو الئحة حكومية (تتم‬
‫ أو سياسة داخلية‬،)‫مناقشته أدناه‬
▪ A mandatory standard requires compliance because of a government statute or ‫للمؤسسة أو متطلبات تعاقدي‬

regulation (discussed below), an organization internal policy or contractual requirement.

.‫قد يؤدي عدم االلتزام بالمبادئ التوجيهية للمعايير اإللزامية إلى حدوث تداعيات قانونية‬
▪ Failure to comply with a mandatory standard’s guidelines can cause legal repercussions.
1.4. What Is a Specification?
• Unlike a code or standard, which can apply broadly to an industry and region, ‫على‬ ‫ الذي‬،‫على عكس الكود أو المعيار‬
‫يمكن تطبيقه على نطاق واسع‬
‫ تحدد المواصفات‬،‫الصناعة والمنطقة‬
specifications outline the requirements of a specific company or product. .‫متطلبات شركة أو منتج معين‬
• A specification provides specific requirements for the materials, components or
services used in an application. .‫توفر المواصفات متطلبات محددة للمواد أو المكونات أو الخدمات المستخدمة في التطبيق‬

• Sometimes, a specification will also dictate a standard installation or design layout of

‫ضا التثبيت القياسي أو تخطيط التصميم لهذه المكونات‬
ً ‫ ستفرض المواصفات أي‬،‫في بعض األحيان‬
those components.
.‫قد تتجاوز متطلبات المواصفات التعليمات البرمجية أو المتطلبات القياسية‬
• Specification requirements may go above and beyond code or standard requirements.
• An individual company may develop specifications for a given project or common
installation, specifying the materials—potentially even the specific brand wanted—
for a project. .‫ للمشروع‬- ‫ وربما حتى العالمة التجارية المحددة المطلوبة‬- ‫ مع تحديد المواد‬،‫يجوز لشركة فردية تطوير مواصفات لمشروع معين أو تركيب مشترك‬
• A specification may also be adopted and implemented across numerous different
projects. ‫مكن أي ًضا اعتماد المواصفات وتنفيذها عبر العديد من المشاريع المختلفة‬
1.5. What Is a Regulation?
➢ A regulation is mandated by a government body and requires that—by law—those ‫ ما هي الالئحة؟‬in
.‫ أن يلتزم العاملون في الصناعة بذلك‬- ‫ بموجب القانون‬- ‫يتم تفويض الالئحة من قبل هيئة حكومية وتتطلب‬
the industry comply. .‫ أو يمكن إنشاؤها بالكامل من تلقاء نفسها‬،‫تتضمن الالئحة قواعد أو معايير‬
➢ The regulation can incorporate codes or standards, or be created completely on its own.
➢ Unlike a code or standard, a regulation does not necessarily require any industry
‫ ال يتطلب التنظيم بالضرورة أي‬،‫على عكس الكود أو المعيار‬
consensus or knowledgeable body to put it in affect. ‫إجماع في الصناعة أو هيئة مطلعة لوضعه موضع التنفيذ‬

1.6. A Summary of Codes, Standards, Specifications and Regulations

➢ The codes, standards, specifications and regulations that are either recommended
or required by law.
‫على سبيل التلخيص‬
➢ As a recap, we’ve defined the following:
‫هي مجموعات مقبولة عمو ًما من القواعد التي تخبرك بما عليك القيام به‬
➢ Codes are generally accepted sets of rules that tell you what you need to do.
➢ Standards provide the “how to” of executing codes. ‫توفر المعايير "كيفية" تنفيذ‬

➢ Specifications, unlike codes or standards, outline the requirements of a specific

company or product. .‫ تحدد متطلبات شركة أو منتج معين‬،‫ على عكس القواعد أو المعايير‬،‫المواصفات‬
‫تتضمن‬ ‫يتم تفويضها من قبل هيئة حكومية‬
➢ Regulations, which can incorporate codes and standards, are mandated by a government
body and required, by law, to be complied with .‫يتعين االلتزام بها بموجب القانون‬
2. NAVIGATING THE GLOBAL LANDSCAPE:
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND CODES FOR PIPING ENGINEERS
• In the dynamic world of piping engineering, adherence to international
‫ يعد االلتزام‬،‫في عالم هندسة األنابيب الديناميكي‬
standards and codes is paramount. .‫أمرا بالغ األهمية‬
ً ‫بالمعايير والقوانين الدولية‬

• These guidelines ensure uniformity, safety, and reliability across diverse

projects worldwide. .‫تضمن هذه المبادئ التوجيهية التوحيد والسالمة والموثوقية عبر المشاريع المتنوعة في جميع أنحاء العالم‬

• Here, we delve into the key international standards that form the backbone of
.‫ نتعمق في المعايير الدولية الرئيسية التي تشكل العمود الفقري لممارسات هندسة األنابيب‬،‫هنا‬
piping engineering practices.
2.1. ASME B31 Series
➢ The group of ASME B31 codes, previously known as ANSI B31,
➢ covers pressure piping, was created by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
and includes power piping, fuel gas piping, process piping, pipeline transportation
systems for liquid hydrocarbons and other liquids, refrigeration piping and heat transfer
components, and building services piping, a cornerstone in piping design.
➢ Covering diverse applications such as power, process, and fuel gas piping, it provides
comprehensive guidelines for design, fabrication, testing, and inspection
2.2 Presently, the sections of ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping, are published:
1. ASME B31.1 Power Piping.
2. ASME B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping.
3. ASME B3 1.3 Process Piping. its an example with some explanation below
4. ASME B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas,
Anhydrous Ammonia , and Alcohol.
5. ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping.
6. ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution PipingSystems.
7. ASME B3 1.8S Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines.
8. ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping.
9. ASME B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems.
10. B31G Manual for Determining Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines.

2.3. ASME B3 1.3 Process Piping.

This ASME section covers the most commonly used code in the B31 series.
It covers the design of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing
chemicals and hydrocarbons, water, and steam.
• The ASME B3 1.3 code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum
refineries ; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic
plants; and related processing plants and terminals.
• The ASME B3 1.3 code also prescribes requirements for materials and components,
design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of
piping
• The ASME B3 1.3 code applies to piping for all fluids, including
1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals;
2) petroleum products; ‫( المواد الكيميائية الخام والمتوسطة والمصنعة‬1
.‫( المنتجات البترولية‬2
3) gas, steam , air, and water; ‫( الغاز والبخار والهواء والماء‬3
.‫( المواد الصلبة المميعة‬4
4) fluidized solids; .‫ ) السوائل المبردة‬6‫ و‬.‫( المبردات‬5

5) refrigerants; and 6) cryogenic fluids.

Also included is piping that interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged
equipment assembly. ‫ضا تضمين األنابيب التي تربط القطع أو المراحل داخل مجموعة المعدا‬
ً ‫أي‬

To maintain high-quality workmanship that will result in a safe environment and the use of
standard materials, components, and methods of construction and testing, this code sets
out a number of rules that cover
• The ASME B3 1.3 code sets out a number of rules that cover:
1. Design.
2. Material (strength).
3. Flexibility (stress).
4. Fabrication (welded joints).
5. Erection (mechanical joints).
6. Examination.
7. Testing

• The basic function of ASME B31.3 code is to guarantee the safety of :

1. construction,
2. commissioning, and .‫في ضمان سالمة موظفي البناء والتكليف والتشغيل خالل الفترات األكثر أهمية في حياة المصنع‬

3. operating personnel during the most critical periods of a plant’s life.

➢ Remember that this code covers a wide spectrum of piping engineering-

design, stress , materials, construction.
➢ It is not essential to memorize the text and data, but it is very important to know what
information is held within the pages of code and be able to access it and interpret it
accurately..‫ ولكن من المهم جدًا معرفة المعلومات الموجودة داخل صفحات الكتاب‬،‫ليس من الضروري حفظ النص والبيانات‬
➢ The subjects covered within ASME B31.3 :
• Design
1. Conditions and Criteria
2. Pressure Design of Piping Components.
3. Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components.
4. Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints.
5. Flexibility and Support.
6. Systems
• Materials
• Standards for Piping Components
• Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
• Inspection, Examination, and Testing.
• Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined with Nonmetals.
2.3. ASME B3 1.3 Process Piping Codes, Standards and Specifications.

➢ Standards and Specifications

▪ ASME B31.3 is the design code supported by numerous standards and

specifications that covers a great detail of information and data regarding the
individual components that make up a piping system.
▪ Piping components are defined as pipe, pipe fittings, valves, gaskets , and bolts.
▪ These international standards and specifications cover Materials-chemical
composition, mechanical strength, and testing.
▪ Dimensions and tolerances.
▪ Examination.
▪ Fabrication.
▪ Testing of piping systems and valves.
• Design
1. Conditions and Criteria
‫شروط التصميم في‬ASME B31.3 .‫صا لتصميم الضغط‬
ً ‫مخصصة خصي‬
• Design conditions in ASME B31.3 are specifically intended for pressure design.
• The design pressure and temperature are the most severe coincident conditions,
defined as the conditions that result in the greatest ،‫خطورة‬ pipe‫المتزامنة‬
wall thickness or highest
‫يعد ضغط التصميم ودرجة الحرارة من أشد الظروف‬
required pressure class or other component rating. ‫سماكة لجدار‬ ‫والتي يتم تعريفها على أنها الظروف التي تؤدي إلى أكبر‬
.‫األنبوب أو أعلى فئة ضغط مطلوبة أو تصنيف مكونات أخرى‬
• Design conditions are not intended to be a combination of the highest potential
pressure and the highest potential temperature, unless such conditions occur at the
same time. .‫ ما لم تحدث مثل هذه الظروف في نفس الوقت‬،‫ال ُيقصد من ظروف التصميم أن تكون مزي ًجا من أعلى ضغط محتمل وأعلى درجة حرارة محتملة‬
• Although it is possible for one operating condition to govern the design of one
component in a piping system (and be the design condition for that component)
• and another to govern the design of another component, this is a relatively rare
‫على الرغم من أنه من الممكن أن تحكم حالة تشغيل واحدة تصميم مكون واحد في نظام األنابيب (وتكون‬
event. .‫ إال أن هذا حدث نادر نسبيًا‬،‫شرط التصميم لذلك المكون) وتحكم حالة تشغيل أخرى تصميم مكون آخر‬
• If it is encountered, the two different components in the piping system should have
different design conditions ‫ فيجب أن يكون للمكونين المختلفين في نظام األنابيب ظروف تصميم مختلفة‬،‫إذا تمت مواجهته‬
• Design Conditions

1. Design Pressure
2. Design Temperature

• Insert 3.1 Calculation of Wall Temperature for Refractory-Lined Pipe

1. Design Minimum Temperature

2. Allowable Stress
3. Quality Factors
4. Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors

• Insert 3.2 Background on Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors

5. Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variations

6. Overpressure Protection
1. Design
2. ASME B31.3 Pressure Design of Piping Components.

• The ASME B31.3 Code provides four basic methods for the design of components
for internal pressure, as described:
a. Components in accordance with listed standards for which pressure ratings are
provided in the standard, such as ASME B16.5 for flanges, are considered suitable
by ASME B31.3 for the pressure rating specified in the standard. Note that the
other methods of pressure design provided in ASME B31.3 can be used to rerate
a. such listed components and/or extend their temperature range.
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b. Some listed standards, such as ASME B16.9 for pipe fittings, state that the fitting
has the same pressure rating as matching seamless pipe. ASME B31.3 modifies this
slightly by stating that the fittings are accepted to have the same rating as the
matching seamless pipe, considering the manufacturer’s under tolerance for the
fittings. This takes into consideration the typical mill tolerance for pipe. Note that
design calculations are not usually performed for these components; design
calculations are performed for the straight pipe, and matching fittings are simply
selected.
 a.
‫ من‬304 .‫ في الفقرة‬،‫ مثل األنابيب المستقيمة والوصالت الفرعية‬،‫ يتم توفير معادالت التصميم لبعض المكونات‬ASME B31.3. ‫ويمكن استخدامها لتحديد سمك‬
b. .‫ من المفترض أن تكون بعض التصميمات المحددة لوصالت الفروع مقبولة‬،‫ عالوة على ذلك‬.‫الجدار المطلوب فيما يتعلق بالضغط الداخلي للمكونات‬
c. Design equations for some components, such as straight pipe and branch
connections, are provided in para. 304 of ASME B31.3. These can be used to
determine the required wall thickness with respect to internal pressure of
components. Furthermore, some specific branch connection designs are assumed
to be acceptable.
d. Components that are not in accordance with a listed standard and for which design
equations are not provided in the Code are treated in para. 304.7.2. This paragraph
provides accepted methods, such as burst testing, for determining the pressure
1. ‫تتم معالجة المكونات التي ال تتوافق مع أحد المعايير المدرجة والتي لم يتم توفير معادالت تصميم لها في القواعد في‬
capacity of unlisted components ‫المدرجة‬ ‫ لتحديد قدرة الضغط للمكونات غير‬،‫ مثل اختبار االنفجار‬،‫ توفر هذه الفقرة طرقًا مقبولة‬. 304.7.2 .‫الفقرة‬
2.
3. Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components
• ASME B31.3 includes limitations on components and joints in the design chapter, Chapter II.
• These are contained in Part 3, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components, and Part 4,
Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints. Many of these are restrictions for severe cyclic
conditions. The present chapter combines the limitations with pressure design and other
considerations on a component-by-component basis .‫الضغطعلى حدة‬ ‫يجمع هذا الفصل بين القيود وتصميم‬
‫واالعتبارات األخرى على أساس كل مكون‬
 3. Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components
4. Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints.
• ASME B31.3 includes limitations on components and joints in the design chapter, Chapter II.
• These are contained in Part 3, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components, and Part
1. 4, Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints.
•2. Many of these are restrictions for severe cyclic conditions. The present chapter combines
3. the limitations with pressure design and other considerations on a component-by-
4. component basis. .‫ يجمع هذا الفصل بين القيود وتصميم الضغط واالعتبارات األخرى على أساس كل مكون على حدة‬.‫العديد من هذه القيود هي قيود على الظروف الدورية الشديدة‬
5. ASME B31.3 Flexibility and Support.
B31.3 Code is provide for the following topics: design conditions and criteria; design for
1.
pressure; flexibility analysis; supports and restraints, limitations on components and joints;
2.
requirements for materials; fabrication, assembly, and erection; examinations; pressure
3.
testing; nonmetallic piping systems; Category M piping; high-pressure piping; and the
4.
organization of the B31.3 Code.
5.
6. ASME B31.3 Design Systems
ASME B31.3, process components, welding, fabrication, weld examination, bioprocessing,
piping systems, BPE certification, and process instrumentation. ‫المعالجة‬ ،‫ فحص اللحام‬،‫ التصنيع‬،‫ اللحام‬،‫مكونات العملية‬
‫ شهادة‬،‫ أنظمة األنابيب‬،‫الحيوية‬BPE.‫ وأدوات العمليات‬،
➢ Materials
➢ PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION (PMS)
➢ MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
• Individual piping class has been generally designed to cover a set of service
operating within pressure-temperature consideration as per ASME B16.5/ B16.34
or part of it. ‫تم تصميم فئة األنابيب الفردية بشكل عام لتغطية مجموعة من الخدمات التي تعمل ضمن‬
‫مراعاة درجة حرارة الضغط وفقًا لمعيار‬ASME B16.5/ B16.34 .‫أو جزء منه‬
• Deviations of material from class specifications may occur due to specific design
conditions and/ or availability. .‫أو التوفر‬/‫قد تحدث انحرافات في المواد عن مواصفات الفئة بسبب ظروف التصميم المحددة و‬
‫يُسمح بهذه االنحرافات إذا كانت‬
• These deviations are permissible if they equal or better the individual ‫أو‬class ‫مساوية لمتطلبات الفئة الفردية‬
‫ ويجب أن تخضع للموافقة‬،‫أفضل منها‬
requirements and shall be subjected to approval on case-to-case basis..‫على أساس كل حالة على حدة‬
• All materials shall conform to detailed specifications / data sheets for items as
applicable. .‫ أوراق البيانات الخاصة بالعناصر حسب االقتضاء‬/ ‫جب أن تتوافق جميع المواد مع المواصفات التفصيلية‬
• Pipe dimensions shall be in accordance with ASME B 36.10 for carbon steel ASTM
standard pipes; & API 5L for carbon steel API 5L grade pipes
• ASME B16.5 cover: Pressure and temperature ratings, Materials, dimensions,
tolerances, and marking ,Testing and methods of designating openings.
 ➢ ASME B31.3 Standards for Piping Components
• The ASME B31.3 Code provides four basic methods for the design of components for
internal pressure, as described in :
a. Components in accordance with listed standards for which pressure ratings are
provided in the standard, such as ASME B16.5 for flanges, are considered suitable
by ASME B31.3 for the pressure rating specified in the standard.
b. Some listed standards, such as ASME B16.9 for pipe fittings, state that the fitting
has the same pressure rating as matching seamless pipe.
c. Design equations for some components, such as straight pipe and branch
connections, are provided in para. 304 of ASME B31.3. These can be used to
determine the required wall thickness with respect to internal pressure of
components. Furthermore, some specific branch connection designs are assumed
to be acceptable.
d. Components that are not in accordance with a listed standard and for which design
equations are not provided in the Code are treated in para. 304.7.2.
This paragraph provides accepted methods, such as burst testing, for determining the pressure capacity of unlisted components
➢ ASME B31.3 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
• Chapter 17 covers essentially the entire B31.3 Code, including design, materials,
fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, and testing, and includes special
topics, such as nonmetallic piping and piping for Category M and high-pressure fluid
‫ بما في ذلك التصميم والمواد والتصنيع والتجميع والتركيب والفحص‬،‫يغطي الفصل بشكل أساسي كود بأكمله‬
services. ‫ مثل األنابيب غير المعدنية واألنابيب للفئة وخدمات السوائل عالية الضغط‬،‫ ويتضمن موضوعات خاصة‬،‫واالختبار‬
• The exclusions for the applications with the B31.3 Code are discussed, and with the
aid of examples, figures, tables, appendices, and references for each topic, a
detailed commentary is provided for the following topics: design conditions and
criteria; design for pressure; flexibility analysis; supports and restraints, limitations
on components and joints; requirements for materials; fabrication, assembly, and
erection; examinations; pressure testing; nonmetallic piping systems; Category M
piping; high-pressure piping; and the organization of the B31.3 Code.
➢ ASME B31.3 Inspection, Examination, and Testing • Inspection
The inspector: Verifies that all required examinations and testing have been complet
owner’sed Has access to any place where work is being performed Must be independent of
organizations performing fabrication, examination, installation or testing
 • Examination
Examination applies to quality control functions performed by the manufacturer (for
components only), fabricator, or erector. Reference in this Code to an examiner is to
‫ينطبق الفحص على وظائف مراقبة الجودة التي يؤديها المصنع ( للمكونات‬
a person who performs quality control examinations ‫ اإلشارة في هذه القواعد إلى‬.‫ أو القائم بالتركيب‬،‫ أو المصنع‬،)‫فقط‬
.‫الفاحص هي الشخص الذي يقوم بإجراء فحوصات مراقبة الجودة‬

• The examiner:
1. Examines piping in accordance with Code requirements
2. Examines piping is accordance with additional requirements described in
the engineering design
3. Prepares suitable examination records for use by the inspector
4. Shall have training and experience commensurate with the needs of the
specified examinations
Examination is performed in order to assure that: Components conform to the specifications for
• Material of construction
• Design
• Freedom from defects
• TESTING
• HYDROTESTING VENTS AND DRAINS
• In terminal piping, high point vents and low point drains required for the purpose of
hydro testing shall be of size 0.75”. These vents & drains shall consist of gate valves
with blind flange assembly.
• PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
• SERVICE
➢ For example: (CLASS 150#)
NON CORROSIVE PROCESS -
PIPING CLASS 150 # FLAMMABLE / NON FLAMMABLE,
BASE MATERIAL CARBON STEEL NON LETHALHYDROCARBONS,
CORROSION ALLOWANCE 1.5 MM AMMONIA, STEAM & GAS
CONDENSATE (NON- IBR), UTILITIES
SPECIAL REQUIREMENT NON IBR
(WATER, INST, AIR, NITROGEN,
TEMP. (0C) -29 TO 65 CARBON DIOXIDE) AND LUBE OIL
PRESS. (kg/cm2) BEFORE THE FILTER
• PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
▪ NOTES

1. ALL VENTS AND DRAINS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH GATE VALVE WITH BLIND FLANGE
ASSEMBLY UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IN P&ID.
2. NDT OF WELDS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: RADIOGRAPHY : ALL BUTT WELDS - 100% MPI :
SOCKET WELDS - 100%
3. PIPING DESIGN AS PER ASME B 31.3 & OISD 141.
4. FLANGES OF SIZE 22” SHALL BE AS PER MSS-SP-44.
5. CHARPY V-NOTCH TEST & HARDNESS TEST SHALL BE CONDUCTED FOR PIPE, FITTINGS
AND FLANGES.
6. ALL BRANCH CONNECTIONS INCLUDING VENT, DRAIN, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
CONNECTION SHALL BE AS PER BRANCH CONNECTION TABLE GIVEN ON NEXT PAGE.
7. THE BRANCH DETAILS INDICATED IN APPLICABLE STANDARD SHALL BE IGNORED

PIPING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION for some project :

 Pipes
Ser. Descrption Size (inch) Sch. Material quantity Unit
44 Pipe seamless, 3"-SCH.80 API-5L-GR.B 3" 80 CARBON STEEL 60 MT
45 Pipe seamless, 2"-SCH.80 API-5L-GR.B 2" 80 CARBON STEEL 60 MT
46 Pipe seamless, 1"-SCH.80 API-5L-GR.B 1" 80 CARBON STEEL 24 MT
Fittings
7 Elbow, 90 degree, 4", Sch. 80 4" 80 CARBON STEEL 26 PCS

14 Tee, equal,3", Sch. 40 3" 40 CARBON STEEL 37 PCS

15 Tee Red., 4" x 3" , Sch. 80 4" x 3" 80 CARBON STEEL 6 PCS

Flanges
1 flange , blind , 4", ANSI 600 #, CS 4" 600 CARBON STEEL 4 PCS

4 FLANGE, WN, RF , 4", ANSI 600 #, sch. 80, CS 4" 600 CARBON STEEL 54 PCS

5 FLANGE, WN, RF , 3", ANSI 600 #, sch. 80, CS 3" 600 CARBON STEEL 24 PCS
➢ Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals

➢ Chapter VII pertains to nonmetallic piping and to piping lined with nonmetals.

1. The organization, content, and paragraph designations of this Chapter correspond to

those of the first six Chapters (the base Code). The prefix A is used.
2. Provisions and requirements of the base Code apply only as stated in this Chapter.
3. Metallic piping that provides the pressure containment for a nonmetallic lining shall
conform to the requirements of Chapters I through VI, and to those in Chapter VII
not limited to nonmetals.
4. This Chapter makes no provision for piping to be used under severe cyclic conditions.
5. With the exceptions stated above, Chapter I applies in its entirety.
‫ يتم استخدام البادئة‬.)‫ يتوافق التنظيم والمحتوى وتسميات الفقرات في هذا الفصل مع تلك الموجودة في الفصول الستة األولى (الرمز األساسي‬A. ‫تنطبق أحكام ومتطلبات القانون األساسي فقط على النحو‬
‫ وتلك الواردة في الفصل السابع وال تقتصر‬،‫ يجب أن تتوافق األنابيب المعدنية التي توفر احتواء الضغط للبطانة غير المعدنية مع متطلبات الفصول من األول إلى السادس‬.‫المنصوص عليه في هذا الفصل‬
.‫ ينطبق الفصل األول برمته‬،‫ومع االستثناءات المذكورة أعاله‬.‫ال ينص هذا الفصل على استخدام األنابيب في ظل الظروف الدورية الشديدة‬.‫على المواد غير المعدنية‬
2.4. API 570
‫تم تصميم معهد البترول األمريكي‬
• The American Petroleum Institute (API) 570 is tailored
for those involved in the inspection, repair, alteration,
and rerating of in-service piping systems.‫وتعديل‬.‫الخدمة‬
‫ألولئك المشاركين في فحص وإصالح‬
‫وإعادة تقييم أنظمة األنابيب أثناء‬

• This standard plays a pivotal role in maintaining the ‫دورا محوريًا في الحفاظ على‬
ً ‫يلعب هذا المعيار‬
integrity of piping systems in the oil and gas industry. ‫سالمة أنظمة األنابيب في صناعة النفط والغاز‬

2.5. ANSI/ASME B16 Standards

• The B16 series focuses on specific aspects like flanges, valves,

and fittings. ‫تركز سلسلة‬B16 .‫ والتجهيزات‬،‫ والصمامات‬،‫على جوانب محددة مثل الفلنجات‬
• These standards, developed by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and ASME, provide guidelines for materials,
dimensions, and tolerances, ensuring compatibility and
reliability in piping systems. .(‫األنابيب‬ ‫ التي طورها المعهد الوطني األمريكي للمعايير‬،‫ توفر هذه المعايير‬ANSI) ‫و‬ASME،
‫ مما يضمن التوافق والموثوقية في أنظمة‬،‫إرشادات للمواد واألبعاد والتفاوتات‬
2.6. The ISO 9001:2015 standard

• The ISO 9001:2015 standard, although not specific to ‫إن معيار‬ISO 9001:2015 ‫ على‬،
‫ إال‬،‫الرغم من أنه ال يقتصر على األنابيب‬
piping, sets the stage for quality management systems..‫أنه يمهد الطريق ألنظمة إدارة الجودة‬
• Piping engineers often integrate these principles to ‫غالبًا ما يقوم مهندسو األنابيب‬
enhance the overall quality of their projects, ensuring ‫الجودة‬ ‫بدمج هذه المبادئ لتعزيز‬
‫ مما يضمن‬،‫الشاملة لمشاريعهم‬
efficiency and client satisfaction. .‫الكفاءة ورضا العمالء‬

• As piping engineers, embracing these international standards not

only ensures compliance but also promotes best practices, safety,
‫ فإن تبني هذه المعايير الدولية ال يضمن‬،‫اعتبارنا مهندسي األنابيب‬
and innovation. .‫ بل يعزز أي ًضا أفضل الممارسات والسالمة واالبتكار‬،‫االمتثال فحسب‬
• The harmonization of standards on a global scale propels the
industry forward, fostering collaboration and enhancing the
،‫إن مواءمة المعايير على نطاق عالمي يدفع الصناعة إلى األمام‬
efficiency and safety of piping projects ‫مما يعزز التعاون ويعزز كفاءة وسالمة مشاريع األنابيب‬