Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Summary
The Government of lndia's Universal lmmunization Program (ulP) is the largest public health
programme with increasing number of vaccines offered to the public free of cost. One of the
components of the UIP programme is the Adverse Events Following lmmunization (AEFI)
surveillance programme, which monitors and tracks adverse events occurring in the field. The
National AEFI Surveillance and Response Operational Guidelines of 2015 provides the guidance
to maintain and improve AEFI surveillance system in the country. One of the initiatives to
improve the AEFI surveillance system is to develop and implement a Quality Management
System (QMS) for AEFI surveillance at all levels. One of the tools for the QMS is the National
and public health experts as well as clinicians, communication specialists, programme managers
The Standards provide a framework for quality assurance and quality improvement for the AEFI
surveillance programme at national, state, district and health facility levels. The NQAS also has
checklists which can be used for conducting frequent assessments against the proposed
standards. The objective of the Standards and the checklists is to provide a tool for frequent
self-assessments (or external assessments) leading to incremental but sustainable
improvements in AEFI surveillance processes and activities at all levels. The assessment
protocols and scoring system to help understand, plan and conduct assessments at each level.
The annexures contain Key Performance lndicators for national/state/district levelsand format for
preparing assessment rePorts.
Obiectives
To formulate different standards and to gauge the quality of AEFI surveillanceprogra m'
immunization programme
National Quality Assurance standards for AEFI surveillance Programme (2016), MoHFW, Gol
Approach
Comprehensive-TheNQAS covers all aspects of AEFI surveillance ranging from notification to action
Contextual- All the standards are inspired from current processes and priorities of AEFI surveillance
program in lndia.Peculiarities and specific quality issuesare addressed with due weightage in
consultation with experts and managers.
Aspirational - While the NQAS covers current processes, it also looks at raising the bar and
including processes which are anticipated to be focus areas in the future such as monitorinB of
social media for AEFI concerns, monitoring of minor AEFls, signal detection processes, etc.
User Friendly- The standards are designed to be practical and easy-to-administer. lt avoids complex
Evidence based-The standards described are based on available documentation such as records,
reports, meeting minutes, reported data, etc. and are in compliance with technical guidelines
released by MOHFW.
a Obiectivity -The assessment criteria is explicit and well defined to reduce assessor variability and
requirement of specialtraining for assessors. Sources of information, records, etc. to gauge status is
specifically mentioned and detailed in the means of verification a8ainst each measurable element.
The standards formulated can be used across all levels and by all personnel
Considers all contemporary and well accepted attributes of quality measurement followed globally
The standards are not only restricted to reporting and investigation and core areas of AEFI
surveillance but also cover other areas such as communication, risk management, convergence and
coordination.
The NQAS assesses the AE Fl surveillance programme under ei8ht Areas of Concernunder which there
are five Standards with Measurable Elements under each Area of Concern. The eight Areas of Concern
are as follows:
A.Notification and reporting- There will be five standards under this Area of Concern for all levels
starting from the point of vaccination to the national level.
B. lnvestigation- This Area of Concern covers the initial and final investigation processes with focus on
C. Causality Assessment-The standards under this Area of Concern gauges the criteria and processes for
selection / eligibility of cases for causal assessment using predetermined tools and algorithm.
D. Operational Management-This Area of concern covers the operational aspects and available
processes and resources in the programme nranagers' office, functionality of AEFI committees, and
other activities such as training and capacity building, etc. across all levels.
E. Communication-The standards under this Area of Concern covers strategy and processes of regular
communication including management of inforrnation dissemination on social media.
stakeholders involving drug regulators, other professionals, academics, civil, administrative and law
enforcing bodies.
G. Monitoring and feedback- These standards a re related to collating information from different
sources to identify unreported cases, giving feedback to states and districts for pending of reports,
intervals, etc.
H. euality Management System-The five starrdards under this Area of Concern coversdevelopment
quality policy, implementation of processes for internalassessment and risk manaBement.
National Quality Assurance Standards for AEFI Surveillance Programme (2016), MoHFW, Gol
The four facility level checklists with measurabk'elements for use by assessors (both internal and
external) to evaluate the AEFI surveillance programme against the standards focus on different areas as
per the functions of the facilities:
1. lmmunization clinic/session site-This covers the processes for notifying, reporting of minor, severe
and senior in AEFI registers, immediate reporting of severe and serious AEFls, reporting from private
2. District level-ln this the focus is on monitoring of the AEFI surveillance programme by the DIO and
District AEFI Committee and case investiUation procedures and timelines. Special investigation
procedures are also a focus areas. Mei)surable indicators cover communication and media
management as well as capacity building and training activities for all medical and paramedical staff.
Coordination with health facilities, professional associations and other stakeholders such as civil
administration is covered under this checklist. Monitoring of key performance indlcators is also
covered under this checklist as well as risk mitiSation.
and convergence with stakeholders, commur.rication and media and risk management'
4. National level- The national processes focus on monitoring of performance indicators of states and
AEFI committees, feedback, special investigations, causality assessment processes, action taking
These Standards and formats are to be used by programme managers and quality assurance experts at
all levels for periodic self-assessments for continuous and sustainable improvement in quality of AEFI
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Checklist for State 11
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