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1) A company produces a product for which the variable cost per unit is $3.50 and fixed cost is
$20,000 per year. Next year, the company wants the total cost to be $48,000. How many units of
the product should be made next year?
Answer: 8000
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
2) A company makes car stereos. The manufacturing cost for each stereo is $45. The company
has fixed costs of $4150 per month. How many stereos can it make next month for a total cost of
$10,000?
Answer: 130
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
3) A certain machine can perform 34 chemical analyses per day, but a lab technician can perform
only 7. Suppose a laboratory must make 110 analyses tomorrow and it has only two machines.
How many technicians will be needed to complete the job?
Answer: 6
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
4) The "current ratio" of a company is the value of its current assets divided by its current
liabilities. A company has a current ratio of 2.5 and current liabilities of $80,000. what are its
current assets?
Answer: $200,000
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
5) The IQ (intelligence quotient) of a person is found by dividing his or her mental age by his or
her chronological age and then multiplying that result by 100. For example, a person with a a
mental age of 11 and a chronological age of 10 has an IQ of ∙ 100 = 110. Find the mental age
1
© 2019 Pearson Canada Inc.
7) A company manufactures two types of prefabricated houses: ranch and colonial. Last year
they sold three times as many ranch models as they did colonial models. If a total of 2640 houses
were sold last year, how many of each model were sold?
Answer: 660 colonials, 1980 ranches
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
8) A company manufactures hair dryers. The manufacturing cost is $9 per unit with a fixed cost
of $16,000. A hair dryer sells for $15. If the company wants to earn a profit of $50,000, how
many dryers must be sold?
Answer: 11,000
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
9) The owner of a 20-room motel, which is 70% occupied, decides to charge $8 more than the
single occupancy rate if two or more people occupy the room. This situation occurs in 75% of
the occupied rooms, on the average. What should the two rates be so that the owner receives
$160,000 in annual income to cover expenses and yield a reasonable profit? (Assume that a year
has 365 days and give your answer to the nearest dollar.)
Answer: single rate, $25; rate for two or more people, $33
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
10) A company is establishing a dental plan for its employees. Under this plan the company will
pay the first $20 of an employee's dental-care expenses and 80% of all additional dental-care
expenses up to a maximum total benefit payment of $700. For an employee, find the total dental-
care expenses covered by this program.
Answer: $870
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
11) An economics instructor told his class that the demand equation for a certain product is p =
400 - and its supply equation is p = 20q + 100. If the 400 - is set equal to the 20q + 100,
then the positive solution to the resulting equation gives the "equilibrium quantity." The
instructor asked his class to find this quantity. What answer should the class give?
Answer: q = 10
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
2
© 2019 Pearson Canada Inc.
12) A sociologist is hired by a city to study different programs that aid the education of
preschool-age children. The sociologist estimates that n years after the beginning of a particular
program, p thousand preschoolers will be enrolled, where p = n(12 - n). How many years after
13) The product of two consecutive integers is 42. Find the integers.
Answer: 6 and 7, or -7 and -6
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
14) The sum of a number and its square is 12. Find the number.
Answer: -4 or 3
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
15) A rectangular plot, 4 meters by 8 meters, is to be used for a garden. The owner decides to put
a pavement of uniform width inside the entire border so that 12 square meters of the plot is left
for flowers. How wide should the pavement be?
Answer: 1 m
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
16) A person deposits $50 in a bank and in two years it increases to $56.18. If the bank
compounds interest annually, what annual rate of interest does it pay?
Answer: 6%
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
17) Researchers at a university need a 10,000 square meter rectangular plot on which to grow
three hybrids of corn. The plot is to be enclosed by fencing and divided into three equal subplots
by a pair of fences both parallel to the same pair of sides of the rectangle. If 600 meters of
fencing are to be used for the project, what are the dimensions of the plot?
Answer: 50 m by 200 m, or 100 m by 100 m
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
18) A theater owner charges $3 for each ticket. Currently, only 100 people attend the theater
daily. The owner believes that for each $0.10 decrease per ticket, 10 more people will attend. If
this is true and the capacity of the theater is 200, what should the price of a ticket be if the owner
wants to receive $375 daily from ticket sales?
Answer: $2.50
Type: SA
Objective: (1) Applications of Equations
3
© 2019 Pearson Canada Inc.
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Treatment.
It will be necessary, in the treatment of this disease, to remove
urgent symptoms if they are present. If the patient is in severe pain,
give the diaphoretic powders,[3] and at the same time let a strong
infusion of garden thyme and pennyroyal be freely given. Immerse
the feet in warm lye water, and rub well with coarse flannel. If relief
is not obtained in the course of an hour, or in a very short time, a
strong decoction of bitter herbs should be thrown into a proper
vessel, and the patient steamed fifteen or twenty times, as long as she
is able to bear, or until perspiration is produced; immediately after
which let her be put in bed, covered warm, and the herbs be enclosed
in flannel or muslin, and applied to the lower part of the abdomen or
belly. This process will almost immediately relieve the urgent
symptoms. After this our next object will be, to regulate the
menstrual discharge, by a proper course of strengthening medicine;
that recommended under the head of chlorosis, or a retention of the
menses, may be taken with advantage. Inasmuch as both proceed
from debility, it is evident that it must be removed in order to effect a
cure; and, therefore, that medicine and treatment which strengthen
and invigorate the system, will invariably benefit the patient. The
skin, stomach, and intestines, all seem concerned in the production
of this disease, and hence our attention should be directed to a
restoration of their proper offices: the stomach and bowels should be
cleansed and stimulated to a healthy action; perspiration must be
promoted, and, in short, every secretion and excretion of the system.
If the stomach is in a morbid condition, let an emetic be occasionally
given, and afterwards a dose of mandrake; both of which may be
repeated as occasion requires. The patient may then take the
following tonic bitters: Take prickly ash bark, two ounces; wild
cherry tree bark, two ounces; Seneca snake-root, one ounce; tansy,
one ounce; gum socotrine aloes, half an ounce; devil’s bit, two
ounces: pulverize; to every two ounces of the powder add half a pint
of boiling water and one quart of Holland gin, and half a wineglassful
taken three or four times a day. This may be continued while it
agrees with the patient, or as long as benefit is derived. About once a
month there will generally be felt more or less symptoms preceding a
catamenial discharge; considerable pain will be felt through the
lower part of the abdomen, hips, and loins, showing that there is a
strong effort or struggle of nature to return the menses. Our
principal object, when this occurs, should be, to aid her salutary
efforts, as directed in the Retention of the Menses. The patient
should sit over the steam of bitter herbs for ten or fifteen minutes,
retaining the steam by means of a blanket, to concentrate it upon the
lower part of the body; at the same time the feet may be bathed, and
tansy tea freely drunk. The abdomen should also be fomented, as
before directed. It will not be necessary, however, to use these
means, except there is an obvious indication to return the menses.[4]
It must be recollected that when the patient labors under some
other disease, there is such debility that there is not superfluous
blood sufficient to keep up the menstrual discharge; and in this case
our attention must be directed to the primary affection, without any
regard to such symptoms; it is also very necessary to bear in mind
the fact, that the menses are often suppressed from pregnancy. By a
proper attention, we can always discriminate between a suppression
of the menses and pregnancy; and the principal diagnostic symptom
is, that in the former complaint there is a pain or affection of the
head, attended with dizziness.
PAINFUL AND IMPERFECT
MENSTRUATION.
Description.
Besides the two deviations from the usual course of nature already
mentioned, there sometimes occurs a third, viz. where menstruation,
although not wholly suppressed, is nevertheless somewhat difficult,
and accompanied with severe pains in the back, loins, and bottom of
the belly. This disease is owing to a weak action of the vessels of the
uterus, or spasm of its extreme vessels, and is to be obviated by
tonics, warm bathing, both local and general, together with the use of
anodynes, which should be employed as soon as the symptoms which
denote its approach are apparent. This complaint is a common, and
generally an extremely harassing, affection. It may occur at every
period during the menstruation stage of life; but it appears to be
most common between the twentieth and thirtieth years of age, and
in subjects of an irritable and sanguineous temperament. In many
instances severe pains are experienced in the back, loins, and lower
part of the abdomen for five or six hours previous to the appearance
of the menses. This, however, soon ceases, and an immediate
aggravation of the torturing pain follows. Sometimes the catamenia
begin to flow moderately, with little or no previous pains; but in an
hour or two, they become suddenly arrested, at the same time that
violent pains come on in the hips, side, loins, back, and thighs, with a
distressing sensation of forcing or bearing down. Occasionally a very
slight menstrual discharge continues uninterruptedly for three or
four days, accompanied throughout with extremely severe pains in
the abdomen; and in some rare instances the catamenial evacuation,
although attended with great suffering, is sufficiently copious and
prolonged in its course, and may even exceed the regular duration
and quantity of an ordinary healthy menstruation.
Treatment.
Since it is well known that a derangement in the uterine functions
must generally proceed from a check of perspiration, astringing the
minute ends of the uterine vessels, or in some manner deranging
their functions, causing debility, &c., it will appear clear that our first
attention must be directed to the skin. Cold appears to be the cause
of the disease, and heat seems to remove it; therefore, when these
periods of distress occur, let the patient sit over a strong decoction of
bitter herbs, such as tansy, hoarhound, wormwood, catnip and hops,
while a blanket is thrown round the waist of the patient to confine
the steam to the lower parts. After the diseased person has been thus
steamed and the feet bathed, let her be put into a bed, warmly
covered, and diluent drinks given, such as tansy, thyme, pennyroyal,
&c. At the same time let fomentations of the same herbs, enclosed in
a flannel bag, be applied to the abdomen, as before directed. This will
produce perspiration and afford immediate relief; and when these
distressing symptoms are removed, and the patient becomes
comfortable, a course of treatment must be adopted to prevent a
recurrence of these symptoms, or to produce a natural flow of the
catamenial discharge; and similar to that recommended under the
preceding complaints. Herbs may be freely drunk.
A writer on this subject thus remarks, “This case of painful
menstruation deserves particular attention, because it impairs the
health of patients by its present effects, and seems to render them
less prolific in future. Dr. Fothergill has afforded relief to several by
the following process: Let the patient have near her a few pills,
consisting of opium, gr. i. each, made soft with a little of any kind of
conserve. She is to take one of these pills the moment the pain
attending this discharge comes on. A pill may be taken every hour till
the pain ceases: more than two will seldom be required; yet they
must be taken in quantities sufficient to mitigate the pain. Let the
patient keep either in or upon the bed, or at least in a recumbent
posture, drink moderately of any diluting liquor, as herb teas, weak
whey, or thin broth. When the time is past, a course of chalybeate
bitters, in small doses, may be continued, till within a few days of the
return; and the bowels should be kept open with some proper
laxative. This excruciating pain seems to be spasmodic, and to
proceed from the extreme irritability of the uterine system.” The
diaphoretic powders will be found very useful. Diet and exercise are
important. A hot brick or salt, enclosed in flannel wet with vinegar,
and applied to the bowels, soon relieves the pain.
IMMODERATE FLOW OF THE MENSES.
CONCEPTION.
In order to procreate the human species, there is a periodical
discharge of blood from the vagina of every female, termed the
catamenia, or menses. The secretion of this fluid commences at that
period of life termed puberty, which occurs at different ages,
according to the climate. In some latitudes it commences as early as
eight or ten, and in others not until fifteen. As soon as conception or
pregnancy commences, this discharge ceases, and goes to support
the fœtus, or the child.
The manner in which conception takes place has ever been a
fruitful subject of inquiry, but we are unable to account for this
change precisely. It is, however, pretty evident that the semen of the
male is introduced into the uterus, while the semen of the female is
discharged from the ovaria by means of the Fallopian tubes, the
fimbricated extremity of which closely embraces that organ.
These tubes, by a kind of peristaltic motion similar to the
intestines, convey the semen of the female into the uterus, where it
unites with the semen of the male; and it is these united fluids which
constitute the rudiment of the fœtus, and which often give to the
child the appearance and dispositions of their parents. Sometimes
one trait is inherited, sometimes another; at other times a new
compound or character is formed (like a chemical union), which does
not partake of the nature of either of the former.
OF THE MODE BY WHICH PREGNANCY
MAY BE DETERMINED.