PeTr TArea LINES AND

6 ANGLES
1srfi o

BASIC CONCEPTS A FLOW CHART

Lines and Angles

line which
points are said to be collinear ifthere is a
Collinear points: Three or
more

contains all of them. end points at AandB

are two points on a line,
then the part ofthe line with
IfA and B
is called the line segment AB.

Angles
with a common
Lines
Angle is formed by two rays
are intersecting if they initial point.
Intersecting lines: Two linescommon
a common point. The point is called the Two congruent angles have same measure
have
conversely two angles of equal
measure
"Point of intersection and
Three or more lines intersecting at are congruent.
Concurrent lines:
be concurrent.
the same point are said to line to each
Lines parallel to the s a m eare paralel
other.
Acute angle: An angle whose
measure is less than 90.
Right angle: An angle whose
measure is 90°.
If a ray stands on a line, then the s u m of Obtuse angle: An angle whose
180.
two adjacent angles s o formed is measure is more than 90° but
less than 180°.
l f the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then Straight angle: An angle whose A .
the non-common arms of the angles
form a line. measure is 180.
ine Reflex angle: An angle whose
measure is more than 180.

intersect each other, then the

two linesopposite
Ifvertically angles are equal.

either
fa transversal intersects two lines súch that,
If a parallel lines, then
transversal intersects two angles is equal,
any one pair of corresponding
each pair of corresponding angles is equal. of alternate interior angles, is equal, or
any one pair side o
each pair of alternate interior angles are equal interior angles on the same
any one pair of
then the lines are
each pair of alternate exterior angles are equal transversal is supplementary,

each pair of interior angles on the s a m e side of parallel

transversal is supplementary, ie, xty=180

am fdeae 1X
athematcs-
100
 18 30

ASThP3) ldiezoe

Triangle
A closed plane figure formed by three
line segments is called a triangle.

Scalene triangle: Atriangle in whichallthe sides

are of different lengths.
Isosceles triangle: Atriangle whose two sides
Complementary angles: Two angles are equal
are said to be complementary, if the Equilateral triangle: Atriangle having all sides
sum of their measure is 90°
Supplementary angles: Two angles
equal. A
Right-angled triangle: A triangle with one angle
are said to be supplementary, if the
as a right angle.
Sum of their measure is 180.
Adjacent angles: Two angles having
a common vertex and a common arm
are called adjacent angles if their
The sum of the three angles of a
uncommon arms are on either side of triangle is 180
the common arm.
Vertically opposite angles: Two
angles are said to form a pair of
vertically opposite angles if their arms
torm two pairs of opposite rays
If a side of a triangle is produced,
the exterior angle so formed is
Linear pair. Two adjacent angles are equal to the sum of the two interior
said to form a linear pair, if the sum o
Opposite angles.
their measures is 180°.

101 ines and

Angles
 MORE POINTS TO REMEMBER so
formed is 180°.

line, then thesum of

the adjacent angles LACD and LBCD
adjacent angles
on a
a
ray stands forming two

stands on a line AB at C
Let a ray CD 180°
ZBCD =

We have to prove that LACD + G.

to AB at

Construction: Ray is drawn perpendicular

CE

Proof: LACD + ZBCDD

LECD)
+ (ZBCE
-

=
(LACE + ECD) Fig.6.1
LECD
+ ZBCE
-

LACE + ZECD
=ZBCE 90
=
=
LACE
= LACE + LBCE [: CE LAB=
180°
90° + 90°
=

common arms are two opposite ravs

their non
is 180, then
I f the sum of two adjacent angles such
Let LACD and ZBCD be
two adjacent angles
D
LACD + LBCD
= 180°

and CB are opposite rays.

We have to prove that CA drawn
a ray CE is
Suppose CA, CB are not opposite rays. If possible,
line. B
to CA such that ACE is a straight Fig. 6.2
opposite
line ACE at C.
Proof: Since CD stands on

LACD + ECD = 180° ...()

From ) and (i)
LACD + 2BCD = LACD + ZECD

ZBCD = LECD
CE coincides with (B.
Since, CE, CB lie on same side of CD, Therefore
it is possible only when
Hence, CA and CB are opposite rays.
I f two lines intersect, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.

Let lines AB and CD intersect at O. D

We have to prove
LAOD = LBOC B

and LAOC = LBOD Fig.6.3

Proof: Since, ray OA stands on line CD.
LAOC + LAOD = 180°
.0)
Again since, ray OC stands on line AB
LAOC+ LBOC = 180°
From () and (i)
LAOC + LAOD = LAOC + LBOC

LAOD = LBOC

Similarly, we can prove ZAOC = LBOD.

102
VERYSHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [1 mark
1. Atransversal intersectstwo lines in such a way that the two interior angles on the same side of
transversal are equal. Will the two lines always be parallel?
Sol. The two lines will not be always parallel as the sum of the two equal angles will not always be
180. Lines will be parallel when each of the equal angles is equal to 90°.
2. For what value ofx +y in Fig. 6.4 will ABC be a line?
INCERT Exemplar]

Fig. 6.4

Sol. For ABC to be a line, the sum of two adjacent angles must be 180, ie., x + y must be equal to 180.
3. In Fig. 6.5, which of the two lines are parallel?

28 74 105
52

(a) 6)
Fig.6.5
Sol. (a)l|m, because angles on the same side ofthe transversal are supplementary, ie., 128°+ 52° = 180°

6)p is not parallel to q, because 105° + 74 =

179°. im
4. In Fig. 6.6, find the value ofx for which the linesl and m are
parallel
Sol. Two lines are parallel when angles on the same side of_
transversal are supplementary i.e.,
x + 55° 180° > x = 1 8 0 ° -5 5 ° > x = 125° 55
5. Two lines l and m are perpendicular to the same line n. Arel
and m perpendicular to each other?

Sol. No, they are parallel. Fig. 6.6

triangle have two obtuse angles? Give

reason.
6. Can a
NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. No, because sum of angles of a triangle cannot be more than 180°.

7. Can a triangle have all the angles less than 60°? Give
reason. [NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. No, because the angle sum will be less than 180°.
8, How many triangles can be drawn having its angles as 60°, 90°, 30°?

Sol. Infinitely many triangles.

103 ines and

Angles
 9. Find the angle whose complement is equal to the angle itself.
Sol. Let the measure of an then the
sum of the measures of
angle be x, measure of its complement is also *. We know that t
complementary angles is 90°.
Therefore, x + x 90°
2 - 90° -45
10. Find the measure of an angle whose supplement is equal to the angle itself.
Sol Let the measure of an angle be *, then measure of its supplement is alsO N. Since the s n
supplementary angles is 1800°,
* + x = 180° 2 r - 180

X=90

SHORT ANsWER QUESTIONS-I [2 marks|

1. In Fig. 6.7, ifl||m, then find the value of*.

607

Fig. 6.7

Sol. ilm
41 = 60°
(Corresponding angle)
Now, Lx +40° =41 (Exterior angle property) 40
Lx = 60°-40° = 20 60
2. In Fig. 6.9, find the value of x.
Fig. 6.8
C ,D

Flg. 6.9
Sol. 2x+ 3x + 4x = 180°
(Straight angle)
9x = 180

x = 20°.

3. If the ratio between two complementary angles is 2:3, then find the
Sol. Let the two complementary angles be 2x and 3x.
angles.
2 x + 3x = 90° 5x = 90° x = 18°
The angles are 2 x l8° = 36° and 3 x 18° == 54°.
4. If the difference between two
supplementary angles is 40°, then find the angles.
Sol. Let the two
supplementary angles be x and x + 40°.
x t x + 40° = 180° 2 x = 180°-40

2x 140° x = 70°

Also, *t40°= 70° + 40° = 110°.

Xam tdea 104

Mathematics -IX
 5. In Fig. 6.10, ifm lIn, then find the value ofx.

100

Fig. 6.10
Sol. 100°+x = 180°
(Cointerior angles are supplementary)
* = l80° 100° = 80°.

6. An exterior angle of a
triangle is 110° and its two interior opposite angles
these equal angles.
are equal. Find each of
Sol. Let each of the interior opposite angles be x.
An exterior angle is equal to sum of its two interior opposite angles.
Then x+ * = 110° or x 110 = 55
2

7. In a AABC, LA + LB =110°, 2C+ 2A =

135°. Find 24.
Sol. Given ZA + 2B =110° and 2C + LA = 135°
ir
On adding, we get
LA + ZB + 2C + A = 110° + 135°

180+A =245° (Using angle sum property of A)

LA = 245° - 180° = 65°.

SHORTANSWER QUESTIONS-I 3 marks]

1. For what value ofx will the lines l and m be parallel to each other?
Fig. 6.11]. (7x-20)
Sol. l|m only when a pair of corresponding angles is equal.
7x-20 3x + 20
(3r +20)
7x-3x = 20 + 20
4x = 40

Fig.6.11
= x= 4 =10°
2. In Fig. 6.12, ZAOC and ZB0C form a linear pair. If a - b =20°, find

the values of a and b.

Sol. a + b 180 (Linear pair) )
a -b = 20° (Given)
Adding (i) and (i), we get
200
Fig.6.12
2a 200° a =
2 a = 100°

Putting the value of a in equation (i), we get

100°+b = 180° b = 80°

105 Lnes and

Angles
 of ZBOC
the bisector
ZAOC, OE is
n Fig. 6.13, OD is the bisector of
are collinear
and OD L OE. Show that the points A,O andB ZBOC respectively
LAOC and
Dince OD and OE are the
bisectors of angles
ZBOE = 2COE
. LAOD = 2LCOD and Fig. 6.13
ZDOE = 90°
(OD1 OE)
Also + ZCOE
ZAOD + ZCOD + ZBOE
Now, LAOC + LBOC= ZCOE +
LCOE
2COD +
2COD + =
ZCOE)
22ZCOE 2(ZCOD + =

2ZCOD +
LAOC + LBOC
=

90° 180° =

= 22DOE =2 x

collinear.
B are
points A, O and
Hence, line.
that A0B is
a

ifx w +z then prove =

4 I n Fig. 6.14, +y to 360". is equal
Sol. As sum of all the angles about a point
+ w =360°
Therefore, x+y + z
360°
r+y)+ (z + w)
=

z+ w = x +y (Given)
Also, 2x+2y 360°
360°
+ y)
=

+ y ) + (x x+y) = 180
2(x y) 360°
+ =

Fig. 6.14
AOB is a straight line. 90° and
MN intersect at 0.
If LPOY =

XY and
5. In Fig. 6.15, lines [NCERT]
a:b 2: 3, find c.
LPOX + LPOY
= 180° (Linear pair)
Sol.
LPOX +90° = 180 6/
ZPOX = 90
Let a = 2x and b = 3x

2x + 3x 90°
l18° Fig. 6.15
5x =90° *=

2 x18° 36° and b = 3x18° = 54°

a =
=

Since, XO stands on MN
b+c= 180° 54° +c = 180°
C 180°-54° = 126°
6. In Fig. 6.16, if OP||RS, 20PQ = 110° and 2QRS = 130, then determine POR.

130
110

Fig.6.16
Sol. Produce 0P to intersect RQ at point N.
Now, OP||RS and transversal RN intersects them at N and R respectively
ZRNP = ZSRN (Alternate interior angles)
LRNP= 130°

LPNQ =
180°- 130° =50° (Linear pair)
2OPQ = LPNQ + ZPQN
(Fxterior angle property)

amidea
Mathematics-IX
106
 110=50° +LPQN
LPON = 110°-50° = 60°= PQR
7. In Fig. 6.17,AB||[Link] the value ofz.

B
130 ! 9}R

120

Fig. 6.17

Sol. Through 0, draw a line

POQ parallel to AB. [Fig. 6.18] 130
Now POllAB and CD||AB
So, CD|IP 120
D
AB IPQ and A0 is a transversal
We have, Fig. 6.18

LAOQ+ 40AB = 180

(Cointerior angles are supplementary)
LAOQ +130 = 180°

LAOQ = 180°- 130° = 50

Similarly PQ|| CD and OC is a transversal

L00C+ LDCO = 180°
L00C +120° = 180

LQ0C = 180°- 120 = 60°

LAOC = LA0Q + 2QOC = 50° + 60 = 110°

8. In Fig. 6.19,AB ||CD. Determinex.

30

1--

45
Fig.6.19
Sol. Through 0, draw a line l parallel to both AB and CD.

Then, 21 = LABO = 30° (Alternate interior angles)

and 22 = ZDCO = 45° (Alternate interior angles)

21+ 22 > ZBOC =

30° + 45 =
75°
Now, LBOC =

So, x =
360° -
ZBOC =
360° - 75° 285°

Hence, x =285°
9. In Fig. 6.20, find xif AB||CD||EF.
te As

60
F

140
D

Fig. 6.20

107 Lines and

Angles
 Sol. As EF|| CD and EC is the transversal
LDCE+2FEC =180° (Cointerior angles are supplementary)
LDCE +140° = 180
LDCE = 180°- 140° = 40°

Also, (Alternate interior angles)

LBCD =LABC
LBCD = 60° x + LDCE = 60°

x = 60°-40° = 20°

1. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio [Link]. Find the angles ofthe triangle.
Sol. Let the three angles of the triangle be 3x, 7x and 8x.
Then, 3x +7x +8x = 180 (By angle sum property of A)
18x = 180° or * = 10°

The angles of triangle are

3x10° 30°, 7x10° = 70°, 8x10° = 80°

Hence, the angles of triangle are 30°, 70 and 80.

11. In Fig. 6.21, ifAB||CD, ZAPQ=50° and PRD = 127, find x andy.A
[NCERT] 50
Sol. As AB||CD and PQ is a transversal.
V27°
LAPQ= LPQR (Alternate interior angles)
50*
Also 2APR = LPRD (Alternate interior angles) Fig. 6.21
50°+ 2QPR = 127°

50° +y = 127°

or y
=
127°-50° 77=

Hence, x = 50°, y =77

12. In Fig. 6.22, P0Q is. a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ.
OS is another ray lying between rays OP and OR. Prove that R
LROS 00S-4POS) NCERT
Sol. As RO L PQ
LPOR = 4QOR = 90°
Fig. 6.22
Now, L00S =
4QOR + ZROS

200S =
90°+ ZROS ...,)
Since POR = 90° ZPOS+ LROS = 90°
LPOS = 90°- LROS ..20)
Subtracting i) from (), we get
L008-LPOS = 90°+ LROS- (90°- LROS)
200S-POS = 2/ROos

LROS (4008-4POs)
13. In Fig. 6.23, if AB ||DE, ZBAC = 35° and 2CDE = 50°, find ZDCE.
Sol. Since AB||DE 35
L A E D = LBAE = 35° (Alternate interior angles)
In ACDE
LCED+ZEDC + ZDCE = 180° 50
D
35+ 50°+ ZDCE = 180° Fig. 6.23

Kam tdea 108

tic
 85°+ ZDCE = 180°

LDCE = 180°-85 . ZDCE = 95°

14. In Fig. 6.24, AB|| DC and AD || BC. Prove that LDAB =/DCB.
Sol. As AB || CD and BC is a transversal
intersecting them at B and C
respectively. D
LABC + ZDCB = 180
..) Fig.6.24
(Consecutive interior angles)
Also AD | BC and AB is a transversal intersecting them at A and B
ZDAB+ LABC = 180°
respectively.
.2) Consecutive interior angles are supplimentary)
From () and (ii), we get
LABC+ LDCB =
LDAB + LABC
LDCB = ZDAB

Hence ZDAB = ZDCB

15. In Fig. 6.25, if PQ LPS, PQ|| SR, 2sQR =
28° and 2QRT =
65, "P
then find the values of x and
y.
28
Sol. As PQ|| SR and QR is
a transversal 65
LPQR =
2QRT (Alternate interior angles) R
= *+ 28° = 65°
Fig. 6.25
X = 65°- 28°

y t = 37°
Now, in APOS, we have
2OPS + LPQS + ZPsQ = 180°

9 0 ° + 37° +y = 180°

127+y =180°
y= 180° - 127
y 53

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS [4marks

1. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, prove that the bisectors of any pair of
corresponding angles so formed are parallel. [NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. Given: A transversal EF cuts two parallel lines AB and CD at point G
and H respectively. GL and HM are respectively the bisectors of a pair
of corresponding angles ZEGB and 2GHD respectively [Fig. 6.26]. A
To prove: GL || HM
Proof: Since AB || CD and EF is a transversal H
D
LEGB = LGHD
(Corresponding angles)

EGB =2GHD Fig. 6.26

LEGL = LGHM
But these are corresponding angles formed by the lines GL and HM
GL | |HM

109 Lines and

Angles
 2. In Fig. 6.27, prove that ZADC = ZA + ZB + LC.

Fig. 6.27

Since the exterior angle ofa

Sol. Join B and D and produce BD to E (Fig. 6.28).
triangle is equal to sum of the two interior opposite angles. E
Therefore, in AABD B
x = w + ZA
c
In ACBD, y = z + LC
Fig. 6.28
Adding () and (i), we get
2C
x+y =w + LA+z +
ZC
*+y =w + z + A+
x +y = LB + LA + LC

Hence, LADC = LA+ ZB + 2C

AP and BP are bisectors of EAB and

RBA respectively. Find LAPB.
3. In Fig. 6.29, DE||QR and
(NCERT Exemplar)
Sol. Since interior angles on the same side of transversal are supplementary
LEAB + LRBA = 180°

4EAB+RBA -X180 .)
As AP and BP are bisectors of ZEAB and ZRBA, respectively

4 1 =4EAB and 22 =4RBA

Fig. 6.29
From () and ("), we get
21+ 42 = 90°
..22)
In AAPB, we have
21+ 42+ ZAPB = 180

90°+ LAPB = 180°

[Using ()]
LAPB = 180°-90° LAPB = 90°

4. Prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.

Sol. Given: A AABC

To prove: L1+ L2+ 23 =180°
Construction: Through A, draw a line XY||BC (Fig. 6.30).

c
Fig. 6.30

am idea 110
Mathematics-IX
 Proof: Since XY||BC and AB is the transversal
L4 2 2 (Alternate interior angles)
Similarly, XY||BC and AC is the transversal
45=23 ..)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
44 + 25 = 22+ 23

Adding Ll on both the sides

44 + 21+ 25 21+ 42+ 23
But 24+ 41+ 45 180 (. XAY is a straight line)
41+ L2+ 23 = 180
Hence, the sum of the angles ofa triangle is 180°.
5. If the bisector of angles B and 2C of a triangle ABC meet at a point 0,

then prove that 2B0C 90°

=
+
LA.
O
Sol. In AABC (Fig. 6.31), we have
LA+ LB 2
+ 2C =
180 B
Fig. 6.31
( Sum of the angles of a A is 180°)

4+B+ec- 10
LA+21+42 =90*

Now, in AOBC, we have:

+22 90544 )

L1+ 22+ LBOC =

180° ( Sum of the angles of Ais 180°)
LBOC = 180° - (21+ 22)

BOC = 180-(904) [Using )]

LBOC =
180-90" +A
BOC 90+A
6. In A4BC (Fig. 6.32), the sides AB and AC of AABC are produced to points E
and D respectively. If bisectors BO and co of CBE and ZBCD respectively

meet at point 0, then prove that 2BOC =

90°- 44
Sol. As 2LABC and LCBE form a linear pair
LABC+ LCBE = 180°

As BO is the bisector of ZCBE

LCBE = 241 Fig. 6.32

LABC + 221 = 180°

Therefore,
241 = 180° - LABC

21 =
90°5
LABC ...(0)

111 ines an
Anghes
 form a linear pair
Again, ZACB and ZBCD
180°
LACB + LBCD
=

2 L2
therefore, ZBCD
=

the bisector of ZBCD,

As, CO is
180°
ZACB +222
=
So,
242 = 180°- LACBB

2 90°- LACB
In AOBC, we have
(Angle s u m
property of triangle)
180°
L1+ 22+ ZBOC =
we have
From (i), (i) and (ii), .)
+ ZBOC
= 180
90-2ABC +90-ACB

have
Now, in AABC,
we

LA+ ZB+ LC = l80°

or ZB+ 4C =
180°-LA
have
From (iv) and (»), we

180°
180-(180°-LA) + 2BOC
=

S
ZBOC 180°-180° +(180°-LA)
LBOC =(180-LA) R
B
Hence, LBOC = 90°-44

and PQ || RS,
Q25°
7. fig. 6.33 (a), AB l| CD ||EF
In
60°7
D
Find 2QRS.
LRQD 25 and 2CQP 60°.
=
=

M.
Sol. Construction: Produce PO to L and SR to

Now, PL || SM and QR is the transversal

41 = 25° (0) (Alternate Angles)
AB | CD
Fig.6.33 (a)
43 = 60° (Corresponding angles)
43 + 24 = 180° (Linear pair) S
60°+ 24 = 180° L4 = 120°

LARS= 44 (Corresponding angles) R

1 B
LARS = 120° (: PL || SM) 3
Now, 2QRS = L1 + 2ARS
Q25 D
2QRS = 25° + 120° 60
LQRS = 145
M

Fig. 6.33 (b)

am fdea
Mathematics-X 112
HOTS(Higher Order Thinking Skills)
1. In Fig 6.34, 40> ZR, PA is the bisector
of QPR and PM 1 QR. Prove that ZAPM=(4-4R).
[NCERT Exempiar]
Sol. Since PA is the bisector of LQPR
4QPA = LAPR

In APQM, we have Fig. 6.34

LPQM + LPMQ+ 4QPM = 180° (Angle sum property

LPQM +90°+ 2QPM 180°

LPQM = 90°- 2QPM

In APMR, we have
LPMR + LPRM + ZRPM =180
90°+ ZPRM + ZRPM = 180°

ZPRM = 180°- 90°- ZRPM

ZR = 90°- LRPM .22)

Subtracting (i) from (i), we get

LQ-LR = (90°- 2QPM) - (90°-ZRPM)
20-LR = LRPM -4QPM

L0-LR =
(ZRPA + LAPM) -(2QPA -

APM) .)
4-LR =
4QPA + LAPM-2QPA + LAPM [Using )
40- LR =22APM
Hence, 4PM = (Q-4R).

the side of APQR is produced to If the

point S.
2. In Fig. 6.35, QR
bisector of ZPQR and ZPRS' meet at point 7, then prove that

4QTR QPR.
R
The bisectors of
A
Sol. Given: QR is produced to S.
APQR, whose side Fig.6.35
T.
LPQR and 2PRS meet at point
To prove: 4QTR = 4QPR

to S.
Proof: Side QR of APOR is produced
LPRS = LP + 4Q PRS=4P +42
..()
TRS z42
to S
Again, side QR of ATQR is produced
LTRS = 4QTR + LRQT

A 4TRS = 4T+

113 LInes and

Angles
 From () and (i), we get

P + - <T+
r - 4 or 2QTR -QPR
3. Prove that a triangle must have atleast two acute angles. [NCERT Exemplar
Sol. Let us assume a triangle ABC which has only one acute angle (say ZA)
Then we have the following three cases:

)The other two angles (B and 2C) are right angles.

Then 4 + ZB + 2C = 2A + 90°+ 90° = LA + 180°> 180° which is not possible.
() The other two angles (ZB and 2C) angles.
are obtuse

Then 24+ ZB + 2C> 180° which is not possible.

is obtuse.
() One angle (say ZB) is right and the other angle (ZC)
Then 2A+ ZB + 2C> 180° which is not possible as we know that sum of the three angles
of a triangle is 180° by angle sum property of a triangle.
Thus, a triangle must have atleast two acute angles.

PROFICIENGY EXERCISE

Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark)

1. What is the sum of the angles at a point?
2. In Fig. 6.36, find angle x.

B
10
2r-30°
A
Fig. 6.36
3. In Fig. 6.37, what value ofx will make AOB a straight line? 70

4. In Fig. 6.38, find anglex

Fig.6.37

60

60
Fig.6.38
5. In Fig. 6.39, if line ||m, then find Zx.

Fig. 6.39
am ttea
ematics-D 114
Short Answer Questions
(2 marks)
6. From Fig. 6.40, find the value ofx.

Flg. 6.40
7. Find the angle which is one-fifth of its complement.
8. Find the value ofx in Fig. 6.41. 60 D
9. Find the angle which is half of its
complement.
10. Find the angle which is one-fifth of its
supplement. A
11. Find the angle which is twice its supplement.
12. Find the angle which exceeds its Fig. 6.41
complement by 20°.
13. In Fig. 6.42, ifx +y =
+z, prove
w
that AOB aline. [NCERT
is
14. Prove that every ine segment has one and only one
midpoint.
15. In a AABC, ZC LA, AC-AB 3 cm and its
=
=
perimeter is 15cm. W
Find AC.

Fig. 6.42
16. Find the measure of an angle which is
() one-fourth of its complement.
(i) four times of its supplement. (3x 10)
2 x +15)°
17. Two supplementary angles differ by 30°. Find the angles.
18. In Fig. 6.43, AOB is a straight line. Find the value of x.
Fig.6.43
19. Two adjacent angles straight
on a line
are in the ratio 3 2. Find the
: of each
measure
angle.
20. In Fig. 6.44, AB||DE. Find the measure of AAOD.
21. In Fig. 6.45, AB||CD, LAPQ = 50" and LPRD = 120, find xandy.
AJ30° B

A
50
70
D
120 Fig.6.44
R
Fig. 6.45

22. In Fig. 6.46, for what value ofx will the line l||m?
23. In Fig. 6.47, AB||CD. Find the value of ZFCE.
(3x+20)
(2r-15)
45
80 Fig. 6.46

Fig. 6.47

115 Lines and

Angles
 45
24. In Fig. 6.48, AB||CD. Find the value ofx.
25. In Fig. 6.49, what value ofx will make EF||CD

ifAB||CD
C
30
65
Fig.6.48

Fig.6.49
Find 26.
26. In Fig. 6.50, AB||CD and 1 : 44 =3 :2. and y.
ZSPR 30°, find x
Fig. 6.51, if QT1 PR, ZTQR 50° and
=
=
27. In

8
s
Fig. 6.50

Fig6.51
28. In Fig. 6.52, find the value of x.

45 20
Fig&.52
29. In Fig. 6.53, 2X= 60, LXYZ=50". 1f YO and Z0 are the bisectors of
XYZ and NZY, find 2Y0Z and 20ZY.

Fig. 6.53
s0. In Fig. 6.54, BO and CO are the bisectors of exterior angles ZB and 2C of AMBC. Find ZBOO.

50 60

Fig.6.54

116
 (3 marks)
Short Answer Questions-I
31. In Fig. 6.55, AB, CD and EF are three lines concurrent at 0. Find the value of x

3x92x

Fig. 6.55 A
40°. Find EOF. 135
32. In Fig. 6.56,AB||CD, 2OEB =135° and LOFC =

33. In Fig. 6.57, x = y and w = z. Prove that| | n .

40

Fig. 6.56

PwP

Fig. 6.57

34. Find the angle whose supplement is six times its complement.
35. Find the measure of an angle, if eight times its complement is 20 N10°
3
less than three times its supplement.
C 40
36. In Fig. 6.58, AB|CD. Find AEC. D
Fig. 6.58

sd
37. In Fig. 6.59, prove that AB||CD and CD| |EF. A
38. In Fig. 6.60, BA||ED and BC||EF. 70
Show that 2ABC + LDEF = 180°. [NCERT Exemplar] 130

A 50
C
Fig. 6.59

8.8a
B
Fig. 6.60 sEt

39. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio [Link]. Find the angles of the triangle.
40. In Fig. 6.61, PT bisects ZRPS and 2Q = LR.

Provethat PT||QR.
41. In Fig. 6.62, AC L CE and LA: LB: 2C =[Link]. Find the value of ZECD.
E

Fig. 6.61

Fig. 6.62

117 0R an
Angles
 BC E
bisector of LA meets
produced to D. The 5
42. The side BC of AABC is 22ALC.
Prove that ZABC + LACD 28°
/in L. and z AB||CD.
43. The given Fig. 6.63, find x,y if 75°. Find x,y, z.
K
BAD =

ZBDC = 40° and

44. In the given Fig. 6.64, AB||CD, A
D40
H
Fig.6.63
30
AL
Fig. 6.64
+ 2y)° and
and 21 =
(2x + y, 24 =
(*
45. In Fig. 6.65, if l||\m 3
28.
26 (3y +20), find L7 and and CD at E and F
transversal l cuts two lines AB 6
46. In the Fig. 6.66, a
and FH are the bisectors
of LAEF and EFD
respectiveBly. EG
Lb. Show that EG||FH and AB||CD.
respectively such that La
=

Fig. 6.65
A

Fig. 6.66
Show that the
OE is the bisector of ZBOC and OD L OE.
47. In Fig. 6.67, OD is the bisector of LAOC, [NCERT Exemplar
points A, 0 and B are collinear.
C

B
Fig. 6.67

48. In Fig. 6.68, 21 = 60° and L6 = 120°. Show that the lines m and n are parallel. [NCERT Exemplar

2/1
3/4

65
7/8

Fig. 6.68

midea
afhematicsX
118
Long Answer Questions (4 marks)
49, Prove that if two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.

[NCERT Exemplar]
50. If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, prove that the bisectors of the interior angles
on the same side of transversal intersect each other at
right angles
51. Prove that if arms of an angle are respectively parallel to the arms of another angle, then the
angles are either equal or supplementary.
52. In Fig. 6.69, PT LQR and PS is the bisector of ZP. If 2Q= 60° and
LR = 30, find LTPS.

53. In Fig. 6.70, bisector of B and 2D of a quadrilateral ABCD meet

CD and AB produced at P and Q respectively. Prove 60 h 30 R
P+ 4Q-5ABC+ LADC) Fig. 6.69

Fig.6.70
54. In Fig. 6.71, show that A + 2B + 2C + D + ZE +LF = 360°.

Fig. 6.71

55. Prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180.

56. AP and BQ are the bisectors of the two alternate interior angles formed by the intersection of a
transversal t with parallel lines land m (Fig. 6.72). Show that AP ||BQ. [NCERT Exemplar]

Fig. 6.72

57. If in Fig. 6.72, bisectors AP and BQ of the alternate interior angles are parallel, then show that

m. [NCERT Exemplar]

119 nes and

Angles
 SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST
Time: 45 minutes Maximum marks: 25
1. In Fig. 6.73, what value ofx will make AOB a straight line?
fc
(3x+10) (2x-30)
B
45 Fig. 6.73
2. Findx in Fig. 6.74. 1
105
>D

Fig.6.74
3 If AB =x + 3, BC = 2x and AC = 4x-5, then for what value of *, B lies on AC

4 Find the measure of the angle which is complement of itself.

5. In Fig. 6.75, find the value of x. 2

(+20)
r31 7
.6.75
6. How many triangles can be drawn having its angles as 50, 30", and 100°? Give reason for your
answer. 2
7. In Fig. 6.76, 14||4,and ah|la2. Find the value ofz. 2 3
2x

2
(4x-15

Fig.6
8. In Fig. 6.77, if AB ||CD, ZAPQ = 50° and PRD =127°, find x and y. 3
P
50

127
R
Fig.6.77
9. In Fig. 6.78, lines AB and CD intersect at 0. If LAOC+ ZBOE
= 70 and ZBOD = 40°, find ZBOE and reflex ZEOC.
D
Fig. 6.78
10. In Fig. 6.79, if PQ||ST,LPQR =110° and RST =130°, find 4QRS. 4

P
30
110°

Fig. 6.79
11. The degree measure of three angles ofa triangle are x, y and z. If z =x+y
* then find the value ofz. 4

Xam tdea
Mathematics-
120