Routing and Switching Hourly 1 Syed Kashan Bukhari 38182

Hourly Exam Spring-2021
Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology
Name : Syed Kashan Bukhari (38182)

Subject: Routing and Switching Submission Day: Sunday
Instructor: Ali Ahmad Siddiqui
Talib Abbas Submission Date: 04/11/21
Program: BSCS Max. Marks: 13
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Question #1 [05 Marks]
Create a spanning tree for the given topology. Label all ports with their status i.e. Root,
designated or block
Note: Switch port numbers are labeled and STP costs are shown in brackets
Answer:
As the priority of switches is not given, I'm assuming all switches have same default priority.
So, by the MAC-Ids, SW6 becomes the root switch.
In SW1, ports 1,2 becomes root ports as the from these ports the root node SW6 is nearest.
Similarly,
In Sw2, port 3, 4. In Sw3, port 4. In Sw4, port 3, 4. In Sw5, port 1, 2. In Sw7, port 1, 2 becomes
the root ports.
All the remaining ports in spanning tree, will be designated ports.
In Sw1, ports 3, 4. In Sw2, ports 1, 2. In Sw5, ports 5. In SW6, ports 1, 2, 3, 4. In SW7, port 3
will become designated ports.
The ports which are not in spanning tree are blocked ports.
In SW1, port 5. In SW2, port 5, 6. In SW3, port 1, 2, 3, 5. In SW4, port 1, 2, 4. In SW5 port 3, 4
will become blocked ports.
Question 2 [03 Marks]
In a computer network explain how the terms reliability and availability relate to each other.
Why a network HUB is obsolete and not in use anymore. Discuss in detail
Answer:
Reliability and Availability
In networking reliability and availability relatable to each other and don’t in different scenarios.
If network is reliable then it will be available as well but it is not guaranteed that if network is
available, then it is reliable too. So both these terms may or may not be relatable to each other.
Availability is defined as the probability that the system is functioning correctly when its use is
requested. In other words, uptime is the probability that a system will not fail or undergo a repair
action when it needs to be used. At first glance, it may seem that if a system has high availability,
it should also have high reliability. However, this is not necessarily the case. This article will
explore the relationship between availability and reliability and also introduce some of the
specified classifications of availability.
Reliability represents the probability that components, parts, and systems will perform their
required functions for a desired period of time without failure in specified environments with
desired confidence. Reliability, by itself, does not take into account any repair actions that might
take place. Reliability is the time it takes for a component, part, or system to fail during
operation. It does not reflect the time it will take to get the repaired unit back into working order.
As previously stated, availability represents the probability that the system will be able to
perform its required function when called because it is not down or undergoing repair action.
Therefore, not only is availability a function of reliability, it is also a function of maintainability.
Hub has obsoleted because it broadcast messages to the whole network even it is not
important to send message which would cause flooding in network
Question #3 [05 Marks]
In a Local area network shown above, answer the following questions

a) If a computer 1a2b sends a broadcast message, what would be the consequences of it on
the network assuming Spanning tree is disabled. Discuss all possible issues network
could face
Answer:
If 1a2b sends broadcast message to the network while spanning tree protocol is disable, it
would cause broadcast storming in the network because of the redundancy and loop in a
network. Without some sort of loop-avoidance process, each switch could flood broadcasts
indefinitely. This is commonly referred to as a broadcast storm.
b) STP is enabled on all switches now. If a computer 3d4f sends a message to 5c5d, how
SW1, SW2 and SW3 will react assuming SW1 hasn’t learned the MAC address 5c5d yet
Answer:
When Spanning tree is enabled and 3d4f sends message to 5c5d, at that time root bridge
shows the minimum path. If SW1 hasn’t learn the MAC address yet then an issue may occur
i.e. Instability in the content of the MAC address table results from copies of the same frame
being received on different ports of the switch.
c) Now consider a scenario in which SW2 is replaced with a HUB and the redundant link on
port 5 is removed, MAC tables of both switches are complete. How SW1 and SW3 will
react if a message is sent from a computer 2b3c to the computer 3d4f. Discuss
Answer:
If we remove the redundant port 5 from the network and replace SW2 with hub then
message coming from 2b3c to the computer 3d4f would broadcast to all PCs.
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Hourly Exam Spring-2021

Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Technology

Name : Syed Kashan Bukhari (38182)

Please follow the instructions carefully:

specified classifications of availability.

In a Local area network shown above, answer the following questions

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