ResearchGate rat sas84 Knowledge Management and ICT (Information and Communication Technology): A literature review of relevant aspects ° 439Proceedings ofthe 11% INDIACom; INDIACom-2017; IEEE C: 2017 4" International Conference on “Computing for Sustainable Global Development yapecth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management (BVICAM), New Delhi (INDIA) Bharati V mnference ID: 40353 01-03" March, 2017 Knowledge Management and ICT (Information and Communication Technology): A literature review of relevant aspects Amritanshu Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University Jalandhar, India-14441 1 amritanshu27sharma@gmail.com Abstract-Knowledge management is the deliberate and systematic coordination of an organization's people, technology, Processes, and organizational structure in order to add value ‘through reuse and innovation. Knowledge management is acting as an important tool for the organizations to improve Productivity, to get better return on investment and generate competitive advantage. As we mentioned above Knowledge ‘management depends upon the technology, people and processes. ‘This paper will explain the trend of studies based on KM and ICT through literature review. As we know there is rapid and ‘constant change in information and communication technology ‘and current business models must meet the changing business ‘eavironment in order to survive. So, there is a need (o understand, ‘the trend of studies which explain how knowledge management affected by the Information and communication technology. So ‘this paper will provide a deep insight of the review of literature with special context to India that how ICT structures are influencing the knowledge management practices of various industries. Keywords: Knowledge management; ICT; technology. information sharing; 1. INTRODUCTION Knowledge management is the deliberate and systematic coordination of an organization's people, technology, processes, and organizational structure in order to add value through feuse and innovation, Knowledge management is acting as an important tool for the organizations to improve productivity, to get better return on investment and generate ‘competitive advantage. As we mentioned above Knowledge management depends upon the technology, people and processes. This paper will explain the trend of studies based ‘on KM and ICT through literature review. As we know there is rapid and constant change in information and ‘communication technology and current business models must ‘meet the changing business environment in order to survive, So, there is a need to understand the trend of studies which explain how knowledge management affected by the Information and communication technology. But before explaining the concept Dr. Neetu Chaudary Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University Jalandhar, India-144¢ neetu,18764@Ipu.co.in of knowledge management and ICT we should know what knowledge is first. A. Knowledge As per established paradigm knowledge is considered as power fo which organization has to manage and to maintain it to take best advantage out of it and organizations those share this knowledge among its employees, those are getting benefit for that. To know the concept of knowledge even in better way we should understand the difference between knowledge, information and data, Data is any random word or numbers ut of context and when we find the relationship between data it becomes information i.e. data with context is information but this information does not explain any pattern like what the data is and how the data is, When we find the pattern relationship between data and information it becomes knowledge. (Uriarte, 2008: Peachey and Hall, 2005) Types of knowledge-There are two types of knowledge (Nassuora and Bassam, 2011: Haas and Hansen, 2007) ‘© Tacit knowledge- It is @ form of knowledge which relates highly to the individual and personal, This is there in people's mind which is accumulated through experiences and failure, It is of two types: Technical and Cognitive tacit knowledge. Technical tacit knowledge is about human personal skills of craft. Cognitive tacit knowledge is about human mantle ‘model, values and beliefs. (Nonaka, 1994) A. Explicit knowledge - Explicit knowledge is a form of knowledge that can be stored and retrieved in form of computer files and written documents and (Fleck, 1996). B. Knowledge Management There are different definitions given by different experts like (Quintas, Leftere and Jones, 1997; Omerzel, Biloslavo, Tmavéevig, ‘and Tmavéevig, 2011) define knowledge management as Copy Right © INDIACom-20117; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, 2904Proceedings ofthe 11" INDIAComy; INDIACom-2017; IEEE Ci mnference ID: 40353 2017 48 International Conference on “Computing for Sustainable Global Development”, 01*'- 03" March, 2017 “Knowledge management is the collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge”. - Brian Newman, From given definition we found that itis a collection of processes like Knowledge creation-It is about the creating and converting the explicit and tacit knowledge. Although explicit knowledge is comparatively easier to manage than tacit knowledge. Once fa right form of tacit knowledge is recognized then process is started to convert it into explicit knowledge. Four processes of creating and converting one form of knowledge into anotheris given below (Nonaka, 1996) Socialization: individual tacit knowledge is converted into ‘eroup of tacit knowledge during discussions, meetings, Extemalization: tacit knowledge is converted into explicit ‘Knowledge and outlined in documents, manuals, etc. Combination: explicit knowledge are converted into ‘another form of explicit knowledge Internalization: individuals convert explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge. * Knowledge dissemination-it is about sharing right type of knowledse with rizht people at right time to get best out of it. (Delak, ,2016) + Knowledge utilization-It is about application of Knowledge to create new product, services, or to develop new strategies and polices. TI, INFORMATION AND ComMUNICATION ‘TECHNOLOGY It is a set of technological tools used to create, disseminate, store and manage information. ICT radio, television, video, DVD, telephone, satellite systems, computer and network hardware and softwate; as well as the equipment ‘and services associated with these technologies, such as covonferencing and electronic mail (UNESCO,2002) and foro eta, 2012) A. LITERATURE REVIEW ‘This section will give the reader an idea about the different studies by different authors based on Knowledge management and ICT which will help in critically examine how ICT affect the knowledge management processes, (Song, 2007) based on literature review author explained how does ICT enable and support the KM process. They explained that ICT enable the knowledge ereation and Conversion processes with the help of SECI model of NONAKA, 1996 and also explained that ICT support knowledge management processes such as generation, codification, dissemination and application of knowledge. (Lopez , Peén and Ordas, 2009) based on empirical data to analyze the relationship between the knowledge management and IT competency and by using survey based correlation method author found that there is positive impact of IT ‘competencies over knowledge management. So, this paper ‘empirically explained the significant relationship and proved that IT competency influences knowledge management and its processes directly and indirectly,(Omona, van der Weide and, Lubege 2010) purposed the conceptual framework for using ICT that facilitate KM in higher education sector and also explained the different emerging challenges faced by the higher education institutions in using ICT to enhance KM performance. This paper explained the conceptual framework ‘based on Stankosky’s (2005) KM pillar which explained the link between the different Km processes and the different type Of ICT tools, used to perform the Km processes. (Subsshini, Rita and Vivek, 2012).Main objective of this study was to identify importance and ole of ICT in Knowledge Management initiatives for organizational effectiveness. They have proposed the conceptual framework for ICTS, Knowledge Management processes which linked with the organizational effectiveness and also. explained the relationship between ICTs and KM processes. (Vipinkumar, Athira and Mini, 2013) has explained that ICT plays important role in KM practices. Modern tools of ICT improve the knowledge sharing process and also improve the knowledge storage process so that new employees can take benefit out of that record and retention of knowledge also became an easy task with the help of ICT. (Akude, 2014) based on review of the literature from 1990 to 2000, this study is dealing with knowledge for development and its management. In this paper author criticized the monoculturality of production of global development knowledge and explained the inadequacy of current utilization of ICT. It argues that the opportunities of joint knowledge creation and knowledge dissemination with the help of ICTs are not being utilized properly, (Delak, 2016) conducted study with the main objective to present approach for assessment KM maturity with information system maturity level (ICT) and. Literature review of various case studies was used for this research. They explained that organization which gained the maturity level of ICT assessment they have also gained maturity level in KM assessment B._ RESEARCH METHODOLOGY For this review study literature review process was applied. Under this literature review process different steps were followed, ‘© Mapping the field of knowledge management and ICT tools, which help the KM practices. + Detail search and identification of data Assessment of quality of inclusion, data and publications ‘Filtration of valid studies Summarizing and presenting the findings, © The main objective of the paper is to explain the current status of knowledge management and ICT and different aspects ofthis field. The objectives of this study were to know about the: Copy Right © INDIACom-20117; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, 2905Knowledge Management and ICT The key concepts related to field of this study. # Objectives of different studies based KM and ICT © Which ICT tools help in KM practices were well researched and which are not? © Methods used forthe different studies ‘the main findings of the different studies ‘There are two types of key words were used for the search of data such as General and specific ones ;General keywords provide understanding of Knowledge management concept ‘and definitions in organization settings and specific key words provide help to understand the current research status in specific context. General keywords included: Knowledge management, ICT, information sharing, technology. Specific keywords included: knowledge management and ICT, technology and knowledge management. Discipline areas included in this study were: management, human resources ‘management, technology, and information and communication systems @)_ PRESENTATION OF THE FINDINGS Findings pose sctious challenges in managing knowledge ‘management by using ICT tools. Next, table will summarize the literature based on knowledge management and ICT Author Year | Country | Objectives Method Findings Different Usage of ICT for KM Daveapor, | Toa SA To otamine the CT | Litas | Uiage af 1CT i KW projects for | Known ction Jarvenpaa’ and usage for KM projects | review two purposes, A)" knowledge | 2) Knowledge storage Bsn organization Tepestoies creations Baowledge directories creation Tit and | Boo OS To explain bow TCT ] Concepamal —] Pour dierent usage of ICT. Dowiedge creation Teidner support the KM | based stady | 1) improving. knowledge cretion | 2)Knowledge storage prices except for process. nowedge shang traditional sage of 2) sage and retrieval ofknowielge | @)knowledge ICTin KM practoes 5) lauoduced te Various channel of | jnfastucture cxamunietion fr komt shaving proces. 4) Creating knowledge based infect, De Opa, A | 2006 OK To_—cxamine the | survey _fased | Krowiedge management capable | Knowledge capabiii I telatonships between | empirical form | have a siaiicnt relationship with | such at Knowledge KM capabilites, ICT | ofsudy innovation, erponsiveness and | eppliaton and capabities and eptbiliy. On the other hand, bath | innovation ‘organizational ‘human’ and_ technical capabilities pesformance in SMES regarding ICT have significant elaonship with performance indicator and there is-sipifcant relaonship between knowledge ‘management an ICT capabilities Song FT Woo | Avatralla | To expla tow Goce a | TCT able the Knowledge creation | 1) Kaowedge ter cable and fad conversion processes with he | craton support the KM | review help of SECT madcl of NONAKA, | 2) Conversion process 1986 and also explained that ICT | 3) CodiSeation support Knowledge management | 4) Dissemination processes such as generation, Soliton, dssctsinsion std ‘sppliction of knowledge To amalyee the | siney based | Thee poutine tmpaat of TT] DDaea Liner, Peon, | 2009 | USA, relationship” between | coriation | eompetencet over krowledge | 2)ndnect, snd Ondis the sanowiaige | method management, ICT influences management and iT | empirical | Knowledge management and is compete sualyst processes dzelly and indict Copy Right © INDIACom-20117; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, 2906Proceedings ofthe 11 INDIACom; INDIACom-2017; IEEE Conference 1D: 40353 2017 4 International Conference on “Computing for Sustainable Global Development”, 01° - 03" March, 2017 ‘Omsona van | 7010 Netherland] To _puposs the] concepual Proposed concepial_Famework | 1)Knowiedge cation der Weide and concept Famework | sty ‘aed on Stankosky’s (2005) KM | 2) shang Labeza fr ICT that faite pillar which explained the link | 3)storng KM and to explain the between the diferent Ken processes | A)Application dilfrert emerging and the diffrent pe of ICT tools, ehullenges faced by edo pectorm the Km processes HET ip using ICT performance ies, T, [TOIT | Rania) To examine the | wuney tased | FRM and ICT practices fr managing | Improve KM procssee and Kiama, relationship between | sty knowledge have a significant | lead to improve financial the knowledge relaionship with” Sancial | performance management, fim Devformance and fm competitiveness and ompettiveness and ICT practices ‘conomic performance improve “financial performance of firm oaly when we apy ICT end HRM praciesstgetnr Toro, Uy wd | TO Tad To aralwve the past | Uierave | ICT playh vey apart lem KM | TCreaton, Joshi, M, seudies worked "on | review pctices such as creation, | 2)Disseminatin rmnroving the KM Sisemination and sorage of | 3)Storage pracices in higher Iknowedge in bigher education by using or with the help of CT To define the | eupinal | There @ Spnicant_velatonahip | TC, ateezBaig, | 2012 | Austratia | clationhip between | analysis between all KM enabler and ICT | 2Orgsnizng A nd TCT, enabler of K xcept Formation Shsharing Garusjan, creation, organizing tnd sharing "process ch at Collaboration Marual “Trust, eaming, Leadership, Incentives Rewarse, Formation and: shaped Skills Wot | Nigeria) To explain the | Empateal | Cunvniy avilable ool oP ICT are | DKnowlodge silent ICT. tools | sty sed for aiminisraton and sharing of | Administration Used in oath sector Jnowledgeamoagst-employees. In | 2)Sharng of knowledge for KM processes and future employees cannot imagine the slko™ highlighted the KM without use of ICT tools waich fare need of ICT for vill ead to the employees are beading knowledge towards the searching for ideas wih smanageneat the help of sterct and oer tools and not tovands generating the new idene that is ulate goal of KM processes. Spas, [20K Tada ‘To deny iparance | Conceptual | Proposed Gs concepual Famevor Rit and and sole of ICT in | Study for ICTs, Kaowloige Management Vivek Kaowledge processes which inked with the Management Snpanizational effectiveness and also states foe ‘apltned the relationship Between rganiatinal ICTs and KM processes ffetivencs “Aiaiawak, [01S | Jordan] To explain te tapact | Questionnaire | Thee is sigaifnt wlaonship | Knowodgs sccuriy wad Ale of TT on. Knowiedge | bared becweon ken processes and | Appliabiy ‘Maiden, ‘managemeat processcs | Kmpicieal | chatatersticy of FT such as devie, snd Neveieeh uch at knowidge | study programmes, security and uabliy onganizing, sharing Sed implementation in the Arb Potash Company ‘They also provide the conceptual fiomework for IT competencies for faclating KM processes Copy Right © INDIACom-2017; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, 2907Knowledge Management and ICT Dian WIS] Ghana] To cranine ti wee of | Cave —wudy | 107 ia Knowicdge Management at Dwumfuo and ICT in Knowledge | method 8 failistor for capturing, sharing, Kommey ‘Management inthe Spplving and converging of Ghana Voli River Kowledge but in absence of Author, Kuowledge Management policy, framework and governance and staegic planning itis dificult and challenging to implement the KM Viana, [200 Tada To cpa ws OTICT | Conceptual | Mocern tools of ICT improve Te Ania, P. in KM prac. study Jnowiedge sharing process and also Vand Mini improve the knowledge store, record and retention of knowledge [though ICT system an expensive system but i i very signicat i ‘modem and compete environment Dawah, P| 30s Seat To ete Gat ot wat | Case sed | AT fos we aot comparazed_al | Twat ears) Aiea sont emplosees of | based “rployens have not gt access 0 the | 2)inowiedge retention torvarou 1CT for the willy ued fot knowledge daring KM processes suchas roca. To npr he use of CTS for IKoowfedge sharing ad Snowledge capture apd rteto, the knowledge retention ad ‘rpms need 4 work om making proses. iy Tada To capa ewe ot | Servey ered | ICT he Wiasy ani faicaion | Tmowledge avalon Sharm, cr is lary tr KM | sty Centers have improved the management | 2)Commuseation Wit the Parnsar ands imputo0 use ‘of knows in Haris and provided | bop of vido conferencing, apples, atm et Aiada | Hoi German | To da wih Grawteipe | Review of te | Criezed he mimoiaaliy of | Tinowetge aon for development and ts | erature fom of global develapment | 2)lnowledge dseriation ‘management 99010200," | Knowledge “and exphined te idequcy of curent blzson of IT. lnowledge cretion nd inowdge Aiserioation wit the help of ICTs are ot being utlzed prope Sali Ay | 2018 | Taniss | To api ie apy Tha pape eel te cancepaal | 1 Tanteabliy of Msi. of ICTs to improve Be relationship "Ivtween nowiedge | knowiedgs tmsfeabliy oF ‘management "and Information | 2inowiede sharing Knomiodge {esinslogy snd commnicason, 3) enpnianon coding rniatens ad slut “deretiebetcen e types of knowledge, providing isis to ICTs on kuowledge sharing ‘and coiying Tah aad | BOIS Panta] To eaplasn the vende | Based on | Tapined wads and us of TOT Tov | Ticeatan ‘Mahinod, asses of1CT forthe | tterature "| the KO processes and explained tha in | 2)Kstrage KM proceses in | review indem world ICT acta fcr of | 3)Kesbaring Deak [16] Slovenia | To pressor aprosch or Tapanel tatoos wich [Top ang Ta information system matty evel OCD, vatfons ease ude ‘sessment they have also guiued ‘mati evel in KM assessment Ill. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This paper has reviewed the existing conceptual and Toview revealed that Knowledge management and ICT based ‘empirical studies on Knowledge management and ICT. The Copy Right © INDIACom-2017; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, empirical studies based on different business units is still very limited and this field is still in its developing phase. Thus it 2908Proceedings ofthe 11" INDIACom; INDIACom-2017; IEEE C. mnference ID: 40353 2017 4° International Conference on “Computing for Sustainable Glabal Development”, 01"'- 03" March, 2017 ‘can be concluded that the existing empirical literature gives fragmented insight into knowledge management and ICT. The ‘main research objectives focused on investigating the field of knowledge management and ICT tools which help the KM practices and we found that the most ofthe studies focused on “objective are related to usage of ICT in KM processes. Most of the studies found and explained the ICT affect knowledge sharing and creation process directly but only a few studies mentioned the impact on knowledge storage, knowledge ‘organization and knowledge application process. A limited usage of ICT in each area is comprehensively examined. There is only one study which explained the inditect effeets of ICT ‘on KM processes such as developing infrastructure and help in developing KM related policies which as further help to improve knowledge management process. From above studies itis clear that ICT speed up the KM processes and directly and indirectly improve the KM process in organization but there are some disadvantages also there, Knowledge management ultimate goal is to generate innovative ideas to provide the competitive advantage for organization but with the help of using ICT based internet sources employees are searching new ideas instead of generating innovations this leads to decrease the efficiency of knowledge workers. Research implications This paper systematically reviewed relevant studies of knowledge management and ICT. The review of empirical studies and conceptual studies has explained the following research implications and opportunity for further research: Several studies in the business sector focused on the influence of technology on knowledge management processes and explained that ICT affect knowledge sharing and creation process directly but only a few studies mentioned the impact on knowledge storage, knowledge organization and knowledge application proces. * Much of the western countries studies on this area were carried out in U.K, U.S.A, Jordan, Germany, Slovenia, ‘Australia and some Asian countries also contributed to this field such as India, Pakistan, Iran, Case studies focusing on KM and ICT are needed; the majority of the literature reviewed is conceptual based and other empirical studies utilized selfcompletion survey questionnaires, this method might reflecting the respondents’ attitudes, life style and beliefs in responses towards ICT tools © More longitudinal studies focusing on ICT and its ‘direct and indirect impact on KM are needed; this type of studies ensures the success of KM processes after implementation of programs. + There is need to study the other side of the ICT impact on KM practices. As Knowledge management ultimate ‘goal is to generate innovative ideas to provide the ‘competitive advantage for organization but with the help of using ICT based internet sources employees are searching new ideas instead of generating innovations Copy Right © INDIACom-2017; ISSN 0973-7529; ISBN 978-93-80544-24-3, Pl BI 4 15 io Lo) ry 12 p31 pay psi Ls} this leads to decrease the efficiency of knowledge workers © More studies are needed which explain the other factors with ICT act as facilitator for KM because in absence of Knowledge Management policy, framework and governance and strategic planning and other factors itis difficult and challenging to implement the KM for creating competitive advantage. REFERENCES Akude, J.B. “Knowlede for development: a erature review and an ‘valving research agenda” (2014), Alavi, M., & Leider, D. 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