RWS

1. Logical Fallacies

False Dilemma
- Arguer presents his/her opinion as one of only two options despite the presence of other
possibilities.
- “It’s either me or the PS5.”

Appeal to Ignorance
- Something is instantly concluded true just because it is not proven to be false, and vice versa.
- “There are giant planet sized floating tea cups in space, it hasn’t been proven false.”

Slippery Slope
- Series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn.
- “Masturbating one time will turn you into a rapist.”

Complex Question
- When two or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to either accept or reject
both at the same time, when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not.
- “Do you still blow your fucking nose off on crack?”

Appeal to Force
- A threat is used instead of reasoning,
- “Hm, I’ll beat you the fuck up if you keep telling me that I smoke crack”

Appeal to Pity
- Element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning.
- “I was just a child! I didn’t mean to murder my family! I was a lonely kid…”

Appeal to Consequences
- Unpleasant consequences of believing something are pointed out to show that the belief is false.
- “Mcgregor has to be the GOAT, if he wasn’t the UFC would be broke.”

Bandwagon
- Argument is valid due to the belief of the majority.
- “Jesus must die, for this is what everyone wishes to happen.”

Attacking the Person

- Someone refutes the argument by attacking the character of a person.
- “You stupid fat fuck, how bout talking about going to the gym before talking funkos to me.”
Appeal to Authority
- The argument quotes an expert who is not qualified in the particular subject matter.
- “Joe Rogan said the vaccine doesn’t do anything.”

Anonymous Authority
- The authority in question is not named.
- “Experts say that black people commit way more crime than white people.”

Hasty Generalization
- When a sample is not significant enough to support a generalization.
- “All blacks love KFC, basketball and weed.”

False Analogy
- Two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways.
- “Apples are fruits like Oranges, so they must taste the same”

Accident
- General rule is applied to a situation even when it should be an exception
- “Lying will put you in hell! You shouldn’t have done that, even if your friend’s life was on the
line.”

Post Hoc
- Since event A happened before event B, then A is the cause of B.
- “I just ate this bean and after that I was pooping and puking at the same time! This bean must
have been the one who administered beer to my body!”

Wrong Direction
- The cause and effect is reversed.
- “Pooping was discovered after toilets were invented.”

Complex Cause
- The explanation of a complex thing is reduced to one thing when there are other factors that
factored into it.
- “We all lost because you couldn’t get more than 10 points.”

Irrelevant Conclusion
- An argument which is supposed to prove something concluding to something else.
- “Illegal Mexicans are going through our borders, hemorrhaging money for the hometown
americans! We must stop all hires of Mexicans at once!”

Strawman
- The position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute
- “So you’re saying that women can’t do shit without men? Sounds pretty misogynistic, Dream.”
Affirming the Consequent
- If A is true; then B is true. Subsequently if B is true then A is true.
- “All humans came from apes, if you’re an ape that means you’re human too.”

Affirming the Antecedent

- If A is true then B is true. If A is not true then B is also not true.
- “If you use magic you’re a danger to humanity, if you don’t use magic you’re not a danger.”

Inconsistency
- Contradicting what one says.
- “Kids are so cute, but kids are the ugliest things to ever grace the Earth.”