Solution

TEST 1

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. In light reaction of photosynthesis assimilatory power is produced, i.e., energy rich ATP molecules and reduced coenzyme
NADPH.
2. The equation of photosynthesis may be represented as
6CO2 + 12H2O ⟶ C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
No. of C6H12O6 (sugar) molecules produced = 1
3. In the process of photosynthesis, Plants manufacture glucose from H2O and CO2 and oxygen gas is released .So, due to the
isotopic carbon of CO2 ,only glucose will be labelled,but oxygen will be normal.
4. X - Light reaction, Y - Carbohydrate synthesis, Z - Carbohydrate storage
Light reactions (or photochemical phase) of photosynthesis mainly occur on the grana thylakoids. Dark reactions (or biosynthetic
phase) which involve the synthesis of carbohydrates by CO2 fixation, occur in the stroma (or matrix) of chloroplasts. The
chloroplast matrix of higher plants stores starch temporarily in the form of starch granules.
Section B
5.
(d) Yeast, Mushroom, Bread mould
Explanation: Yeast, mushroom, and bread mould are saprophytes. Saprophytes break the food material outside their body and
absorbed.
6.
(d) Wind velocity
Explanation: Wind velocity doesn't affect the photosynthesis. Unlike light intensity, CO2 concentration, and temperature
which are the major factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis, the wind has no effect on the reactions and the rate of
reactions going in the chloroplast of the leaves of the plant.
7. (a) soaking with filter paper
Explanation: Filter paper absorbs the extra stain.
8.
(b) Potassium hydroxide
Explanation: Potassium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide which is released during respiration.
Section C
9.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Presence of HCl in stomach is necessary for digestion because acidic medium activates the action of gastric
juice. HCl maintains a strong acidic pH, of about 1-2 in the stomach. HCl helps to activate Pepsinogen to pepsin which digests
proteins to peptones and proteases. HCl inhibits the growth and also kills the germs that may have entered the stomach along
with the food. So, thus it can be said that HCl kills bacteria but that does not help in digestion. Thus both assertion and reason
are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Section D
10. State True or False:
(i) (a) True
Explanation: True
Section E
11. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 1. Inhalation
Section F
12. (a) any of the covered portions
Explanation: Covered portion of the leaf does not get sunlight irrespective of the colour strip.

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 Section G
13.
(d) (i) - (b), (ii) - (d), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (c)
Explanation:
Insects, and some other invertebrates, exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between their tissues and the air by a
system of air-filled tubes called tracheae. Tracheae open to the outside through small holes called spiracles.
Earthworms need oxygen just like humans, but they don't have lungs. They have a special skin that allows them to
“breathe” oxygen right through it.
Most fish exchange gases using gills on either side of the pharynx (throat). Gills are tissues that consist of threadlike
protein structures called filaments. These filaments have many functions including the transfer of ions and water, as
well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids, and ammonia.
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in mammals.

Section H
14.
(b) III, II, V, I, VI, IV
Explanation: This is the correct sequence of steps for the experiment.
Steps:
I. Take the potted plant and keep it in a dark place for 2-3 days so that the leaves get de-starched.
II. Cover a part of one of its leaves with the strip of black paper. Make sure that you cover both sides of the leaf.
III. Now place this plant in sunlight for 3-4 hours.
IV. Pluck the selected covered leaf and remove the black paper covering it.
V. Place this leaf in the beaker containing water and boil it for about 10 minutes.
VI. Take out the leaf and now boil it in alcohol, using the water bath, for 10 minutes. This removes the chlorophyll.
VII. Take out the leaf and wash it under running water.

Section I
15. (a) (ii) and (iv)
Explanation: Oxygenated blood circulates through the left part of the heart whereas deoxygenated blood circulates through the
right part of the heart. Atrium receives blood and the ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart.
Section J
16. (a) Chloroplasts
Explanation: Chloroplasts
Section K
17.
(8− 5)g
(b) × 100
5g
w2 − w1
Explanation: w1
× 100

8−5
= 5
× 100

3
= 5
× 100

= 60%
Section L
18. a. Insulin helps the cells absorb glucose from the blood, while glucagon triggers a release of glucose from the liver. People with
type 1 diabetes need to take supplemental insulin to prevent their blood sugar levels from becoming too high.
b. If the sugar level in blood rise they are detected by the cells Islets of Langerhans of pancreas which respond by producing
more insulin.
19. i. The urea content is higher in structure B, whereas the concentration of useful components such as glucose is low. This shows
that the kidney performs the function of filtration. It filters out useful substances, e.g. glucose, amino acids into the blood,
while throwing out nitrogenous waste, e.g. urea and urine.
ii. There would be glucose in B as without insulin, blood glucose would not be converted to glycogen for storage. The kidney
attempts to reduce the blood glucose level by excreting it in urine.The glucose in digested food is absorbed by the intestinal

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 cells into the bloodstream, and is carried by blood to all the cells in the body. However, glucose cannot enter the cells alone. It
needs assistance from insulin to penetrate the cell walls
20. Nutrition: All living organisms need matter to build up the body and energy to operate the metabolic reactions that sustains life.
The materials which provide these two primary requirements of life are called nutrients or foods. The sum total of processes by
which organisms obtain matter and energy is termed nutrition.
Modes of nutrition
The organisms have evolved two different modes of nutrition:
1) Autotrophic or Holophytic nutrition: All green plants and certain protozoans (Euglena) have evolved a mechanism to
directly use the energy of sunlight for preparing organic food in their own body from simple raw materials i.e. CO2 and H2O.
These single inorganic materials are transformed into glucose and oxygen is evolved.
Energy is trapped with the help of chlorophyll present in chloroplasts of cells. The process is called photosynthesis and the
organisms capable of it are termed photoautotrophs.
Chlorophyll

6CO2 + 6H2O −−−−−−→ C6H12O6 + O2

Light

Carbon
Water Gloucose Oxygen
dioxide
Some bacteria are known as chemotrophs, as they obtain energy released during oxidation of inorganic chemicals, and the process
as chemosynthesis. Nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemotrophs.
2) Heterotrophic nutrition: Animal, fungi, (Amoeba) and many bacteria cannot utilize sun energy. They use chemical bond-
energy of organic molecules synthesized by other organisms in building their own organic molecules. Such a mode of feeding is
termed heterotrophic nutrition, and the organisms having it are called heterotrophs.
Section M
21. i. (d) Nostrils ⟶ Pharynx ⟶ Larynx ⟶ Trachea ⟶ Alveoli

ii. Bronchus Bronchiole Larynx trachea

(d) Z Y W X
iii. (a) Amoeba

iv. Diaphragm Intercostal muscle

(d) Yes Yes

v. (c) Alveoli and capillaries

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